{"id":1735,"date":"2018-10-12T18:12:19","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T10:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn:15443\/wordpress\/?p=1735"},"modified":"2018-10-24T17:54:16","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T09:54:16","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%93%b6%e9%a2%88%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/1735","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u74f6\u9888\u5206\u6790(\u7ecf\u5178)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n
\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttp:\/\/wenku.baidu.com\/view\/ccce2912f18583d0496459f8.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1.0 \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong>
\n\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bb\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u591a\u6570\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u76f8\u4fe1\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684”cook book”\u5c31
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316,\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898,\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u5883,\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5176\u5b9e
\n\u662f\u5bf9OS \u5404\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u4e86:
\nCPU
\nMemory
\nIO
\nNetwork
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684,\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898.\u6bd4\u5982:
\n\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9875\u8c03\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u961f\u5217\u7684\u62e5\u585e
\n\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u5927\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684 CPU \u5f00\u9500
\n\u5927\u91cf\u7684CPU \u5f00\u9500\u53c8\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42
\n\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684 CPU \u4ee5\u53ca IO \u95ee\u9898
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316,\u67e5\u627e\u74f6\u9888\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5173\u952e,\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898,\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd
\n\u662f\u522b\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684.
\n1.1 \u786e\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u6765\u5165\u624b\u4f18\u5316\u74f6\u9888,\u9996\u5148\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9,\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9,\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240
\n\u8dd1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u578b,\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a2\u79cd:
\nIO Bound(IO \u8303\u7574): \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528,\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf,\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8868\u793aIO \u8303
\n\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528,\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.IO \u8303\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u5bf9CPU\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u8d77\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42(\u9664\u975e\u7c7b\u4f3cNAS
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b58\u50a8\u786c\u4ef6).IO \u8303\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea7\u751fIO \u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684
\nsleep \u72b6\u6001.\u901a\u5e38\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8f6f\u4ef6(\u4f8b\u5982mysql,oracle\u7b49)\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fIO \u8303\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u578b.
\nCPU Bound(CPU \u8303\u7574): \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528,\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u7684CPU \u5360\u7528. CPU \u8303\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528,\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406CPU \u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.\u901a\u5e38web server,mail server,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fCPU
\n\u8303\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u578b.
\n1.2 \u786e\u5b9a\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u7edf\u8ba1
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528\u7387\u60c5\u51b5,\u4e00\u822c\u968f\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7528\u9014\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a.\u552f\u4e00\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5c31\u662f,\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5316\u5e0c\u671b\u8fbe\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548
\n\u679c,\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316,\u8fd8\u6709\u53c2\u8003\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u6027
\n\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u503c,\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u503c.
\n\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,1\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u5feb\u7167,\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f53\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u65f6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u5feb\u7167.
\n# vmstat 1
\nprocs memory swap io system cpu
\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy wa id
\n1 0 138592 17932 126272 214244 0 0 1 18 109 19 2 1 1 96
\n0 0 138592 17932 126272 214244 0 0 0 0 105 46 0 1 0 99
\n0 0 138592 17932 126272 214244 0 0 0 0 198 62 40 14 0 45
\n0 0 138592 17932 126272 214244 0 0 0 0 117 49 0 0 0 100
\n0 0 138592 17924 126272 214244 0 0 0\u00a0176 220 938 3 4 13 80
\n0 0 138592 17924 126272 214244 0 0 0 0 358 1522 8 17 0 75
\n1 0 138592 17924 126272 214244 0 0 0 0 368 1447 4 24 0 72
\n0 0 138592 17924 126272 214244 0 0 0 0 352 1277 9 12 0 79
\n# vmstat 1
\nprocs memory swap io system cpu
\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy wa id
\n2 0 145940 17752 118600 215592 0 1 1 18 109 19 2 1 1 96
\n2 0 145940 15856 118604 215652 0 0 0 468 789 108 86 14 0 0
\n3 0 146208 13884 118600 214640 0 360 0 360 498 71 91 9 0 0
\n2 0 146388 13764 118600 213788 0 340 0 340 672 41 87 13 0 0
\n2 0 147092 13788 118600 212452 0 740 0 1324 620 61 92 8 0 0
\n2 0 147360 13848 118600 211580 0 720 0 720 690 41 96 4 0 0
\n2 0 147912 13744 118192 210592 0 720 0 720 605 44 95 5 0 0
\n2 0 148452 13900 118192 209260 0 372 0 372 639 45 81 19 0 0
\n2 0 149132 13692 117824 208412 0 372 0 372 457 47 90 10 0 0
\n\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u770b\u5230,\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217(id) \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230,\u5728\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6,CPU \u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6
\n\u95f4\u572879% 100%.
\n\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u770b\u5230,\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e100%\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4.\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d,\u6211\u4eec\u5c31
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u662fCPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u4f18\u5316.
\n2.0 \u5b89\u88c5\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>
\n\u591a\u6570 *nix\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5806\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u547d\u4ee4.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f*nix \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206.Linux \u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u5b89\u88c5\u5305
\n\u4ee5\u53ca\u989d\u5916\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u4e2aLinux \u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u672c\u4e2d.\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f00\u6e90
\n\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u76d1\u63a7\u8f6f\u4ef6,\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u6863\u53ea\u8ba8\u8bba\u57fa\u4e8eLinux \u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u672c\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177.
\n\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u54ea\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u600e\u6837\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd.
\n3.0 CPU \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong>
\nCPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b58\u53d6.\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u8c03\u5ea62\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u79cd\u7c7b:\u7ebf\u7a0b(\u5355\u4e00\u6216\u8005\u591a\u8def)
\n\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad.\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u53bb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f18\u5148\u6743.\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u8868\u4ece\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u6392\u5217:
\nInterrupts(\u4e2d\u65ad) \u8bbe
\n\u5907\u901a\u77e5\u5185\u6838,\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.\u4f8b\u5b50,\u5f53\u4e00\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u5907\u9012\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6216
\n\u8005\u4e00\u5757\u786c\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21IO \u8bf7\u6c42.
\nKernel(System) Processes(\u5185\u6838\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b) \u6240
\n\u6709\u5185\u6838\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u522b.
\nUser Processes(\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b) \u8fd9
\n\u5757\u6d89\u53ca”userland”.\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2auser space.\u8fd9\u5757\u5728\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6
\n\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7.
\n\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5185\u6838\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684.\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd,\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd
\ncontext(\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362),run queues(\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217)\u4ee5\u53cautilization(\u5229\u7528\u7387).
\n3.1 \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362
\n\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u5355\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b)\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b.\u591a\u8def\u8d85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b.\u7136
\n\u800c,Linux \u5185\u6838\u8fd8\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53cc\u6838\u5fc3\u82af\u7247\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668.\u6bd4\u5982,\u4ee5Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u53cc\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a,\u662f\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668.
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684Linux \u5185\u6838\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c50 \u81f3 50,000 \u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b.\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u65f6,\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u8c03\u5ea6\u5e76\u5747\u8861\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb
\n\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b.\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u989d\u5ea6.\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u65f6\u95f4\u989d\u5ea6\u6216\u5df2\u62a2\u5148\u83b7\u5f97
\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7(\u6bd4\u5982\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad),\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u91cd\u65b0\u653e\u7f6e\u56de\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4e2d.\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ebf
\n\u7a0b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362.
\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362,\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u5728CPU\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d.\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207
\n\u6362,\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b,\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c.
\n3.2 \u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217
\n\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU \u90fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217.\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a,\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b.\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u5728sleep
\n\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d(\u963b\u585e\u4e2d\u548c\u7b49\u5f85IO\u4e2d)\u6216\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d.\u5982\u679cCPU \u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u4e0b,\u90a3\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6
\n\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bf7\u6c42.\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c,\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62e5\u585e\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u91cc.\u5f53\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5de8\u5927,\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n\u5c06\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u83b7\u53d6\u88ab\u6267\u884c.
\n\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u5c31\u662f”load”,\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001.\u7cfb\u7edf load \u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5728CPU \u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u76ee
\n\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u76ee\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408.\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u6838\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u4e862\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b,\u8fd8\u67094\u4e2a\u5728\u8fd0
\n\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d,\u5219 load \u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a 6. top \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u663e\u793a\u7684load averages \u662f\u63071,5,15 \u5206\u949f\u4ee5\u5185\u7684load \u60c5\u51b5.
\n3.3 CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387
\nCPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4.\u8bc4\u4f30\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662fCPU \u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387.\u591a\u6570\u6027\u80fd
\n\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u5173\u4e8eCPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd:
\nUser Time(\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4) \u5173
\n\u4e8e\u5728user space\u4e2d\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728CPU \u5f00\u9500\u65f6\u95f4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4.
\nSystem Time(\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u65ad\u65f6\u95f4) \u5173
\n\u4e8e\u5728kernel space\u4e2d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5728CPU \u5f00\u9500\u65f6\u95f4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4.
\nWait IO(IO \u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4) \u6240
\n\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21IO \u8bf7\u6c42\u6240\u5360CPU \u5f00\u9500idle\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u767e\u5206
\n\u6bd4.
\nIdle(\u7a7a\u95f2) \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728CPU \u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4.
\n4.0 CPU \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>
\n\u7406\u89e3\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217,\u5229\u7528\u7387,\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5bf9\u600e\u6837CPU \u6027\u80fd\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb.\u65e9\u671f\u63d0\u53ca\u5230,\u6027\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u6570
\n\u636e\u7684.\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d,\u901a\u5e38\u9884\u671f\u6240\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5305\u62ec:
\nRun Queues \u6bcf
\n\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc713
\n\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b.\u4f8b\u5b50,\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u8981\u8d85\u8fc7
\n6 \u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b.
\nCPU Utiliation \u5982
\n\u679c\u4e00\u4e2aCPU \u88ab\u5145\u5206\u4f7f\u7528,\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5206\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f
\n65% 70%
\nUser Time
\n30% 35%
\nSystem Time
\n0% 5%
\nIdle Time
\nContext Switches \u4e0a
\n\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5230CPU \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387,\u5982\u679cCPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5747\u8861\u72b6\u6001
\n\u65f6,\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684.
\n\u5f88\u591aLinux \u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u503c,\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u662f vmstat \u548c top \u8fd92\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177.
\n4.1 vmstat \u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
\nvmstat \u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u65b9\u5f0f.\u56e0\u4e3a vmstat \u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u5de5\u5177,\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u7684\u670d
\n\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a,\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u60c5\u51b5,\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7a97\u53e3\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528vmstat \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u8fd0\u884c\u57282
\n\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b:average \u548c sample \u6a21\u5f0f.sample \u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u6d4b\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u503c.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u6301\u7eed
\n\u8d1f\u8377\u4e0b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0,\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9.\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f
\nvmstat \u8fd0\u884c1\u79d2\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u793a\u4f8b:
\n# vmstat 1
\nprocs memoryswapiosystemcpur
\nb swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
\n0 0 104300 16800 95328 72200 0 0 5 26 7 14 4 1 95 0
\n0 0 104300 16800 95328 72200 0 0 0 24 1021 64 1 1 98 0
\n0 0 104300 16800 95328 72200 0 0 0 0 1009 59 1 1 98 0
\nThe vmstat CPU statistics
\nField Description
\nr The amount of threads in the run queue. These are threads that are runnable, but the CPU is not
\navailable to execute them.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u76ee.\u4ee3\u8868\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001,\u4f46CPU \u8fd8\u672a\u80fd\u6267\u884c.
\nb This is the number of processes blocked and waiting on IO requests to finish.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85IO \u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6570\u76ee
\nin This is the number of interrupts being processed.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u65ad\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u76ee
\ncs This is the number of context switches currently happening on the system.
\n\u5f53\u524dkernel system\u4e2d,\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u6570\u76ee
\nus This is the percentage of user CPU utilization.
\nCPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4
\nsys This is the percentage of kernel and interrupts utilization.
\n\u5185\u6838\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4
\nwa This is the percentage of idle processor time due to the fact that ALL runnable threads are
\nblocked waiting on IO.
\n\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u5728\u7b49\u5f85IO \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4
\nid This is the percentage of time that the CPU is completely idle.
\nCPU \u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4
\n4.2 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60:\u6301\u7eed\u7684CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528
\n# vmstat 1
\nprocs memory swap io system cpu
\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy wa id
\n3 0 206564 15092 80336 176080 0 0 0 0 718 26 81 19 0 0
\n2 0 206564 14772 80336 176120 0 0 0 0 758 23 96 4 0 0
\n1 0 206564 14208 80336 176136 0 0 0 0 820 20 96 4 0 0
\n1 0 206956 13884 79180 175964 0 412 0 2680 1008 80 93 7 0 0
\n2 0 207348 14448 78800 175576 0 412 0 412 763 70 84 16 0 0
\n2 0 207348 15756 78800 175424 0 0 0 0 874 25 89 11 0 0
\n1 0 207348 16368 78800 175596 0 0 0 0 940 24 86 14 0 0
\n1 0 207348 16600 78800 175604 0 0 0 0 929 27 95 3 0 2
\n3 0 207348 16976 78548 175876 0 0 0 2508 969 35 93 7 0 0
\n4 0 207348 16216 78548 175704 0 0 0 0 874 36 93 6 0 1
\n4 0 207348 16424 78548 175776 0 0 0 0 850 26 77 23 0 0
\n2 0 207348 17496 78556 175840 0 0 0 0 736 23 83 17 0 0
\n0 0 207348 17680 78556 175868 0 0 0 0 861 21 91 8 0 1
\n\u6839\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n1,\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad(in) \u548c\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362(cs).\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42.
\n2,\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u663e\u793a\u67d0\u5355\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528,user time(us) \u7ecf\u5e38\u572885%\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a.\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd8
\n\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u88ab\u5904\u7406.
\n3,\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u8fd8\u5728\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185,\u5176\u4e2d\u67092\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9,\u662f\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8\u9650\u5236.
\n4.3 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60:\u8d85\u8d1f\u8377\u8c03\u5ea6
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5904\u4e8e\u9971\u548c
\n# vmstat 1
\nprocs memory swap io system cpu
\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy wa id
\n2 1 207740 98476 81344 180972 0 0 2496 0 900 2883 4 12 57 27
\n0 1 207740 96448 83304 180984 0 0 1968 328 810 2559 8 9 83 0
\n0 1 207740 94404 85348 180984 0 0 2044 0 829 2879 9 6 78 7
\n0 1 207740 92576 87176 180984 0 0 1828 0 689 2088 3 9 78 10
\n2 0 207740 91300 88452 180984 0 0 1276 0 565 2182 7 6 83 4
\n3 1 207740 90124 89628 180984 0 0 1176 0 551 2219 2 7 91 0
\n4 2 207740 89240 90512 180984 0 0 880 520 443 907 22 10 67 0
\n5 3 207740 88056 91680 180984 0 0 1168 0 628 1248 12 11 77 0
\n4 2 207740 86852 92880 180984 0 0 1200 0 654 1505 6 7 87 0
\n6 1 207740 85736 93996 180984 0 0 1116 0 526 1512 5 10 85 0
\n0 1 207740 84844 94888 180984 0 0 892 0 438 1556 6 4 90 0
\n\u6839\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n1,\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u6570\u76ee\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e2d\u65ad\u6570\u76ee,\u8bf4\u660ekernel\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u5f00\u9500\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7ebf\u7a0b.
\n2,\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5747\u8861.\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7b49\u5f85io \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4(wa)\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8,\u4ee5\u53ca
\nuser time\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e(us).
\n3,\u56e0\u4e3aCPU \u90fd\u963b\u585e\u5728IO\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0a,\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u91cc\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6267\u884c.
\n4.4 mpstat \u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u82af\u7247\u4e0a,\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 mpstat \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u82af\u7247.Linux \u5185\u6838\u89c6\u53cc\u6838
\n\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e3a2 CPU’s,\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u53cc\u5185\u6838\u5c31\u62a5\u544a\u67094 CPU’s \u53ef\u7528.
\nmpstat \u547d\u4ee4\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u503c\u5927\u81f4\u548c vmstat \u4e00\u81f4,\u4f46\u662f mpstat \u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1
\n\u503c.
\n# mpstat \u2013P ALL 1
\nLinux 2.4.2120.
\nELsmp (localhost.localdomain) 05\/23\/2006
\n05:17:31 PM CPU %user %nice %system %idle intr\/s
\n05:17:32 PM all 0.00 0.00 3.19 96.53 13.27
\n05:17:32 PM 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\n05:17:32 PM 1 1.12 0.00 12.73 86.15 13.27
\n05:17:32 PM 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\n05:17:32 PM 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\n4.5 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60: \u672a\u5145\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406\u91cf
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u4e3a4 CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u53ef\u7528.\u5176\u4e2d2\u4e2aCPU \u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c(CPU 0 \u548c1).\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709
\n\u5185\u6838\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd(CPU 3).\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u4e8eidle(CPU 2).
\n\u4f7f\u7528 top \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u67093\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5b8c\u5168\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u6574\u4e2aCPU \u6838\u5fc3.
\n# top d
\n1
\ntop 23:
\n08:53 up 8:34, 3 users, load average: 0.91, 0.37, 0.13
\nTasks: 190 total, 4 running, 186 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
\nCpu(s): 75.2% us, 0.2% sy, 0.0% ni, 24.5% id, 0.0% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0%
\nsi
\nMem: 2074736k total, 448684k used, 1626052k free, 73756k buffers
\nSwap: 4192956k total, 0k used, 4192956k free, 259044k cached
\nPID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
\n15957 nobody 25 0 2776 280 224 R 100 20.5 0:25.48 php
\n15959 mysql 25 0 2256 280 224 R 100 38.2 0:17.78 mysqld
\n15960 apache 25 0 2416 280 224 R 100 15.7 0:11.20 httpd
\n15901 root 16 0 2780 1092 800 R 1 0.1 0:01.59 top
\n1 root 16 0 1780 660 572 S 0 0.0 0:00.64 init
\n# mpstat \u2013P ALL 1
\nLinux 2.4.2120.
\nELsmp (localhost.localdomain) 05\/23\/2006
\n05:17:31 PM CPU %user %nice %system %idle intr\/s
\n05:17:32 PM all 81.52 0.00 18.48 21.17 130.58
\n05:17:32 PM 0 83.67 0.00 17.35 0.00 115.31
\n05:17:32 PM 1 80.61 0.00 19.39 0.00 13.27
\n05:17:32 PM 2 0.00 0.00 16.33 84.66 2.01
\n05:17:32 PM 3 79.59 0.00 21.43 0.00 0.00
\n05:17:32 PM CPU %user %nice %system %idle intr\/s
\n05:17:33 PM all 85.86 0.00 14.14 25.00 116.49
\n05:17:33 PM 0 88.66 0.00 12.37 0.00 116.49
\n05:17:33 PM 1 80.41 0.00 19.59 0.00 0.00
\n05:17:33 PM 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\n05:17:33 PM 3 83.51 0.00 16.49 0.00 0.00
\n05:17:33 PM CPU %user %nice %system %idle intr\/s
\n05:17:34 PM all 82.74 0.00 17.26 25.00 115.31
\n05:17:34 PM 0 85.71 0.00 13.27 0.00 115.31
\n05:17:34 PM 1 78.57 0.00 21.43 0.00 0.00
\n05:17:34 PM 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\n05:17:34 PM 3 92.86 0.00 9.18 0.00 0.00
\n05:17:34 PM CPU %user %nice %system %idle intr\/s
\n05:17:35 PM all 87.50 0.00 12.50 25.00 115.31
\n05:17:35 PM 0 91.84 0.00 8.16 0.00 114.29
\n05:17:35 PM 1 90.82 0.00 10.20 0.00 1.02
\n05:17:35 PM 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\n05:17:35 PM 3 81.63 0.00 15.31 0.00 0.00
\n\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ps \u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b PSR \u8fd9\u5217,\u68c0\u67e5\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2aCPU.
\n# while :; do ps eo
\npid,ni,pri,pcpu,psr,comm | grep ‘mysqld’; sleep 1;
\ndone
\nPID NI PRI %CPU PSR COMMAND
\n15775 0 15 86.0 3 mysqld
\nPID NI PRI %CPU PSR COMMAND
\n15775 0 14 94.0 3 mysqld
\nPID NI PRI %CPU PSR COMMAND
\n15775 0 14 96.6 3 mysqld
\nPID NI PRI %CPU PSR COMMAND
\n15775 0 14 98.0 3 mysqld
\nPID NI PRI %CPU PSR COMMAND
\n15775 0 14 98.8 3 mysqld
\nPID NI PRI %CPU PSR COMMAND
\n15775 0 14 99.3 3 mysqld
\n4.6 \u7ed3\u8bba
\n\u76d1\u63a7 CPU \u6027\u80fd\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210:
\n1,\u68c0\u67e5system\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217,\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8981\u8d85\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u56683\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u9650\u5236.
\n2,\u786e\u5b9aCPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e2duser\/system\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ef4\u6301\u572870\/30
\n3,\u5f53CPU \u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728system mode,\u90a3\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d1f\u8377\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7
\n4,\u5f53I\/O \u5904\u7406\u5f97\u5230\u589e\u957f,CPU \u8303\u7574\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd
\n5.0 Virtual Memory \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong>
\n\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55,\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u8981\u76f8\u5bf9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684.\u5185\u6838\u4f1a
\n\u5199\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a,\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u9014.\u5f53\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6,\u6b64\u65f6\u518d\u8bfb
\n\u56de\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d.\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4,\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684;\u5728Linux \u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230,\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58,\u540c
\n\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7559\u610f\u5230,\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684.\u5f53\u7136,\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u548c\u5199,\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u6162\u7684(\u5927\u7ea6\u4f1a\u6162\u4e0a\u5343
\n\u500d),\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bdd,\u56e0\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u66f4\u5feb.\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3aVirtual Memory,\u8fd9\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0
\n\u4e3a”swap space”(\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4).
\n5.1 Virtual Memory Pages
\n\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a pages(\u9875),\u5728X86\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d,\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u4e3a 4KB.\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u8005\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8
\n\u5230\u5185\u5b58,\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u9875\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.\u5185\u6838\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728swap \u5206\u533a\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c.
\n5.2 Kernel Memory Paging
\n\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u9875\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u603b\u662f\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684,\u4e0ememory swapping(\u5185\u5b58\u4ea4\u6362)\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u8981\u641e\u9519\u4e86.\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u9875\u662f\u6307\u5185\u6838
\n\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u786c\u76d8,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662fMemory Paging.\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5,\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684
\n\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4.\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9,\u5185\u6838\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u5e38\u626b\u63cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e14\u6536\u56de\u5176\u4e2d\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875,\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58
\n\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u7528.
\n5.3 The Page Frame Reclaim Algorithm(PFRA)(\u9875\u6846\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5)
\nPFRA \u5c31\u662fOS \u5185\u6838\u7528\u6765\u56de\u6536\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5.PFRA \u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u7c7b\u578b\u7684.
\n\u9875\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd:
\nUnreclaimable \u2013\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u9875\u9762
\nSwappable \u2013\u533f\u540d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875
\nSyncable \u2013\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875
\nDiscardable \u2013\u9759\u6001\u9875\u548c\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u9875
\n\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\uff08Unreclaimable\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88abPFRA\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536.
\n\u4e0ePFRA \u76f8\u5173\u7684,\u8fd8\u5305\u62eckswapd \u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53caLow On Memory Reclaiming(LMR\u7b97\u6cd5) \u8fd92\u79cd\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0.
\n5.4 kswapd
\nkswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u4fdd\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u603b\u662f\u5728\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e2d.\u5b83\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684pages_high\u548cpages_low\u9600\u503c.\u5982\u679c\u7a7a
\n\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4f4e\u4e8e pages_low,\u5219\u6bcf\u6b21 kswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u626b\u63cf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91ca\u653e32\u4e2afree pages.\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9
\n\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u76f4\u5230\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u503c\u9ad8\u4e8e pages_high.
\nkswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c:
\n1,\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9875\u5904\u4e8e\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001,\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u9875\u653e\u7f6e\u56de\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d.
\n2,\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9875\u5904\u4e8e\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u53ef\u5907\u4efd\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf,\u5219\u5c06\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u5230\u78c1\u76d8.
\n3,\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9875\u5904\u4e8e\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u78c1\u76d8\u5907\u4efd,\u5219\u5c06\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u5230swap device.
\n# ps ef| grep kswapd
\nroot 30 1 0 23:01 ? 00:00:00 [kswapd0]
\n5.5 Kernel Paging with pdflush
\npdflush \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c.\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4,\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u540e,
\npdflush \u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u5199\u56de\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a.
\n# ps ef| grep pdflush
\nroot 28 3 0 23:01 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
\nroot 29 3 0 23:01 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
\n\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5b58\u572810% \u7684\u810f\u9875,pdflush \u5c06\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\u540c\u6b65\u810f\u9875\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7
\nvm.dirty_background_ratio \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574.
\n(Q:\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u810f\u9875?
\nA:\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u9875\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4f5c\u7528,\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684.\u5f53\u9875\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u65b0
\n\u65f6,\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u505a\u810f\u9875.)
\n# sysctl n vm.dirty_background_ratio
\n10 \u5728\u591a\u6570\u73af\u5883\u4e0b,Pdflush\u4e0ePFRA\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u7684,\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u7528LMR\u65f6,LMR \u5c31\u89e6\u53d1pdflush\u5c06\u810f\u9875\u5199\u5165\u5230
\n\u78c1\u76d8\u91cc.
\n++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
\n\u57282.4 \u5185\u6838\u4e0b,\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u4e2d,\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u9047\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5d29\u6e83.\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aPFRA \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u5077\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528.\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u8981\u56de\u6536\u90a3\u4e2a\u9875\u65f6,\u8981\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5
\n\u518d\u53bb\u5077\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875,\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765,\u5c31\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u4e86.\u57282.6 \u5185\u6838\u4e0b,\u4f7f\u7528”Swap token”\u4fee\u590d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2aBUG,\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62
\nPFRA \u4e0d\u65ad\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875.
\n++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
\n5.6 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60:\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5165\u53e3I\/O
\nvmstat \u5de5\u5177\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\u9664\u4e86CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5,\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58.\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31\u662fvmstat \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u90e8\u5206:
\nTable 2: The vmstat Memory Statistics
\nField Description
\nSwapd The amount of virtual memory in KB currently in use. As free memory reaches low
\nthresholds, more data is paged to the swap device.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u603b\u989d(\u5355\u4f4d:KB).\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u9600\u503c\u65f6,\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u9875\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d.
\nFree The amount of physical RAM in kilobytes currently available to running applications.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b57\u8282\u6570.
\nBuff The amount of physical memory in kilobytes in the buffer cache as a result of read() and
\nwrite() operations.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8eread()\u548cwrite()\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\u5b57\u8282\u6570
\nCache The amount of physical memory in kilobytes mapped into process address space.
\n\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b57\u8282\u6570
\nSo The amount of data in kilobytes written to the swap disk.
\n\u5199\u5165\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u603b\u989d
\nSi The amount of data in kilobytes written from the swap disk back into RAM.
\n\u4ece\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u5199\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u603b\u989d
\nBo The amount of disk blocks paged out from the RAM to the filesystem or swap device.
\n\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u603b\u989d
\nBi The amount of disk blocks paged into RAM from the filesystem or swap device.
\n\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u989d
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b vmstat \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c,\u5c31\u662f\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728I\/O \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d,\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u73af\u5883
\n# vmstat 3
\nprocs memory swap io system cpu
\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
\n3 2 809192 261556 79760 886880 416 0 8244 751 426 863 17 3 6 75
\n0 3 809188 194916 79820 952900 307 0 21745 1005 1189 2590 34 6 12 48
\n0 3 809188 162212 79840 988920 95 0 12107 0 1801 2633 2 2 3 94
\n1 3 809268 88756 79924 1061424 260 28 18377 113 1142 1694 3 5 3 88
\n1 2 826284 17608 71240 1144180 100 6140 25839 16380 1528 1179 19 9 12 61
\n2 1 854780 17688 34140 1208980 1 9535 25557 30967 1764 2238 43 13 16 28
\n0 8 867528 17588 32332 1226392 31 4384 16524 27808 1490 1634 41 10 7 43
\n4 2 877372 17596 32372 1227532 213 3281 10912 3337 678 932 33 7 3 57
\n1 2 885980 17800 32408 1239160 204 2892 12347 12681 1033 982 40 12 2 46
\n5 2 900472 17980 32440 1253884 24 4851 17521 4856 934 1730 48 12 13 26
\n1 1 904404 17620 32492 1258928 15 1316 7647 15804 919 978 49 9 17 25
\n4 1 911192 17944 32540 1266724 37 2263 12907 3547 834 1421 47 14 20 20
\n1 1 919292 17876 31824 1275832 1 2745 16327 2747 617 1421 52 11 23 14
\n5 0 925216 17812 25008 1289320 12 1975 12760 3181 772 1254 50 10 21 19
\n0 5 932860 17736 21760 1300280 8 2556 15469 3873 825 1258 49 13 24 15
\n\u6839\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n1,\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u9875\u9762\u6765\u81ea\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(bi),\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc,\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u589e\u957f.
\n2,\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a,\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58(free) \u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u572817MB,\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u5230\u5206\u9875\u800c\u5728\u6d88\u8017\u7a7a\u95f2RAM.
\n3,\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868, kswapd \u4ece\u8bfb\/\u5199\u7f13\u5b58\u533a(buff)\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868\u91cc.\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230
\nbuffer cache(buff) \u5728\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d.
\n4, kswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u5199\u810f\u9875\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907(so)\u65f6,\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e2d(swpd).
\n5.7 \u7ed3\u8bba
\n\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210:
\n1,\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8f83\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9875\u9519\u8bef,\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4,\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u5f97memory caches(\u5185\u5b58\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58)\u8d85\u8fc7
\ndisk caches(\u78c1\u76d8\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58).
\n2,\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58,\u662f\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u60c5,\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387.\u9664\u975e\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5199\u5165swap device(\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907)
\n\u548cdisk(\u786c\u76d8).
\n3,\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u65ad\u62a5\u544a,swap device\u603b\u662f\u7e41\u5fd9\u4e2d,\u90a3\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5185\u5b58\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8db3,\u9700\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u4e86.
\n6.0\u00a0I\/O \u76d1\u63a7\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong>
\n\u78c1\u76d8I\/O \u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u662fLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u6162\u7684\u90e8\u5206.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f52\u4e8eCPU\u5230\u7269\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u78c1\u76d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u8ddd\u79bb(\u76d8\u7247\u65cb\u8f6c\u4ee5
\n\u53ca\u5bfb\u9053).\u5982\u679c\u62ff\u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u5230\u79d2\u7ea7,\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf 7\u5929\u548c7\u5206\u949f\u7684\u533a\u522b.\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u8d28
\n\u4e0a,Linux \u5185\u6838\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4eI\/O \u6570.\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8bc9\u8ff0\u5185\u6838\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u54ea
\n\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751fI\/O.
\n6.1 \u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u6570\u636e \u5185\u5b58\u9875<\/strong>
\nLinux \u5185\u6838\u5c06\u786c\u76d8I\/O \u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u9875,\u591a\u6570Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9875\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a4K.\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u8fdb\u51fa\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u90fd\u4e3a4K
\n\u9875\u5927\u5c0f.\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528time \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a0v
\n\u53c2\u6570,\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9875\u5927\u5c0f:
\n# \/usr\/bin\/time -v\u00a0date
\n2009\u5e74 08\u6708 13\u65e5 \u661f\u671f\u56db 23:07:59 CST
\nCommand being timed: “date”
\nUser time (seconds): 0.00
\nSystem time (seconds): 0.00
\nPercent of CPU this job got: 200%
\nElapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.00
\nAverage shared text size (kbytes): 0
\nAverage unshared data size (kbytes): 0
\nAverage stack size (kbytes): 0
\nAverage total size (kbytes): 0
\nMaximum resident set size (kbytes): 0
\nAverage resident set size (kbytes): 0
\nMajor (requiring I\/O) page faults: 0
\nMinor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 264
\nVoluntary context switches: 1
\nInvoluntary context switches: 1
\nSwaps: 0
\nFile system inputs: 0
\nFile system outputs: 0
\nSocket messages sent: 0
\nSocket messages received: 0
\nSignals delivered: 0
\nPage size (bytes): 4096
\nExit status: 0<\/p>\n

Page size (bytes): 4096<\/p>\n

6.2 Major and Minor Page Faults(\u4e3b\u8981\u9875\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6b21\u8981\u9875\u9519\u8bef)<\/strong>
\nLinux,\u7c7b\u4f3c\u591a\u6570\u7684UNIX \u7cfb\u7edf,\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5c42\u6765\u6620\u5c04\u786c\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4.\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u542f\u52a8,\u5185\u6838\u5148\u626b\u63cf
\nCPU caches\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58.\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8fd92\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u627e\u5230,\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u8bfb\u53d6,\u6b64\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u5c31\u662fmajor page fault(MPF).MPF \u8981\u6c42\u78c1\u76d8\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u7d22\u9875\u5e76\u7f13\u5b58\u8fdbRAM.
\n\u4e00\u65e6\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\u7684buffer cache(buff)\u4e2d,\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165,\u6b64\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f
\nminor page fault(MnPF).\u4e0e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u6bd4,MnPF \u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u7684\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u5185\u6838
\n\u65f6\u95f4.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50,\u4f7f\u7528time \u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86,\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e,MPF \u548c MnPF \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5.\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b,MPF \u4f1a\u66f4
\n\u591a:
\n# \/usr\/bin\/time -v\u00a0evolution<\/p>\n

Major (requiring I\/O) page faults: 163
\nMinor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 5918<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u518d\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6,\u5185\u6838\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884cMPF\u4e86,\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d:
\n# \/usr\/bin\/time -v\u00a0evolution<\/p>\n

Major (requiring I\/O) page faults: 0
\nMinor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 5581<\/p>\n

6.3 The File Buffer Cache(\u6587\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\u533a)<\/strong>
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u5c31\u662f\u6307,\u5185\u6838\u5c06MPF \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316,MnPF \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6700\u5927\u5316.\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4ea7\u751fI\/O,buffer cache\u4e5f
\n\u5c06\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u589e\u52a0.\u76f4\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f,\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8001\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u53bb\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6,\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185
\n\u5b58\u9875.\u7ed3\u679c\u662f,\u5f88\u591aSA(\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458)\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fc7\u5c11\u7684free memory(\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58)\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fc3,\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4
\n\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5728\u4f7f\u7528caches.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50,\u662f\u67e5\u770b\/proc\/meminfo \u6587\u4ef6:
\n# cat \/proc\/meminfo
\nMemTotal: 2075672 kB
\nMemFree: 52528 kB
\nBuffers: 24596 kB
\nCached: 1766844 kB<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u8ba1\u67092GB (Memtotal)\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58.\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a52MB (MemFree),\u670924 MB
\n\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c(Buffers),\u8fd8\u67091.7 GB\u9875\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8(Cached).
\n\u5185\u6838\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u901a\u8fc7MnPF\u673a\u5236,\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9875\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u78c1\u76d8.\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206,\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u5904
\n\u4e8e\u74f6\u9888\u4e2d.
\n6.4 Type of Memory Pages<\/strong>
\n\u5728Linux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d,memory pages\u67093\u79cd,\u5206\u522b\u662f:
\n1,Read Pages \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u901a\u8fc7MPF \u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5165,\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eBuffer Cache\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u80fd
\n\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6,\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6,\u8fd8\u6709\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6.\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u65f6,\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d.\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3,\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u91ca\u653e
\n\u5b83\u4eec\u56de\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d.\u7a0b\u5e8f\u518d\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6,\u5219\u901a\u8fc7MPF \u518d\u6b21\u8bfb\u56de\u5185\u5b58.
\n2,Dirty Pages \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u662f\u5185\u6838\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875.\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u56de\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a,\u7531pdflush \u8d1f
\n\u8d23\u5199\u56de\u78c1\u76d8.\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3,kswapd (\u4e0epdflush \u4e00\u8d77)\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9875\u5199\u56de\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58.
\n3,Anonymous Pages \u8fd9
\n\u4e9b\u9875\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b,\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5173.\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u56de\u78c1\u76d8.
\n\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3,kswapd \u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u5165swap \u5206\u533a\u4e0a\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58(“swapping” pages).
\n6.5 Writing Data Pages Back to Disk<\/strong>
\n\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u810f\u9875\u56de\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a,\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7I\/O \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 fsync() \u6216 sync() \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e
\n\u73b0\u7acb\u5373\u5199\u56de.\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51fd\u6570,pdflush \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65.
\n# ps ef| grep pdflush
\nroot 186 6 0 18:04 ? 00:00:00 [pdflush]
\n7.0 \u76d1\u63a7 I\/O<\/strong>
\n\u5f53\u89c9\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86I\/O \u74f6\u9888\u65f6,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u539f\u56e0.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec\u4e86
\ntop,vmstat,iostat,sar.\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c,\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e5f\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89e3
\n\u91ca.\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ae0\u8282\u5c31\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u54ea\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4I\/O \u74f6\u9888\u7684\u51fa\u73b0.
\n7.1 Calculating IO’s Per Second(IOPS \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97)<\/strong>
\n\u6bcf\u4e2aI\/O \u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u82e5\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4.\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u76d8\u8fb9\u5fc5\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c,\u673a\u5934\u5fc5\u987b\u5bfb\u9053.\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0
\n\u4e3a”rotational delay”(RD),\u673a\u5934\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u79f0\u4e3a”disk seek”(DS).\u4e00\u4e2aI\/O \u8bf7\u6c42\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c31\u662fDS\u52a0\u4e0a
\nRD.\u78c1\u76d8\u7684RD \u57fa\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u8eabRPM \u5355\u4f4d\u503c(RPM \u662fRevolutions Perminute\u7684\u7f29\u5199,\u662f\u8f6c\/\u6bcf\u5206\u949f,\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86
\n\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u8f6c\u901f).\u4e00\u4e2aRD \u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d8\u7247\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u534a\u5706.\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a10K RPM\u8bbe\u5907\u7684RD \u503c\u5462:
\n1, 10000 RPM \/ 60 seconds (10000\/60 = 166 RPS)
\n2, \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a 166\u5206\u4e4b1 \u7684\u503c(1\/166 = 0.006 seconds\/Rotation)
\n3, \u5355\u4f4d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6beb\u79d2(6 MS\/Rotation)
\n4, \u65cb\u8f6c\u534a\u5706\u7684\u65f6\u95f4(6\/2 = 3MS) \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f RD
\n5, \u52a0\u4e0a\u5e73\u57473 MS \u7684\u5bfb\u9053\u65f6\u95f4 (3MS + 3MS = 6MS)
\n6, \u52a0\u4e0a2MS \u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf(6MS + 2MS = 8MS)
\n7, 1000 MS \/ 8 MS (1000\/8 = 125 IOPS)
\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2aI\/O,\u572810K RPM\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u90fd\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5e73\u5747 8MS.\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc,\u78c1\u76d8\u5c06\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e14
\n\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u78c1\u76d8.IOPS \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5927\u81f4\u7684I\/O \u8bf7\u6c42\u6570,10K RPM \u78c1\u76d8\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b120-150
\n\u6b21IOPS.\u8bc4\u4f30IOPS \u7684\u6548\u80fd,\u53ef\u7528\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199I\/O \u5b57\u8282\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199IOPS \u6570\u5f97\u51fa.
\n7.2 Random vs Sequential I\/O(\u968f\u673a\/\u987a\u5e8f I\/O)<\/strong>
\nper I\/O\u4ea7\u751f\u7684KB \u5b57\u8282\u6570\u662f\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eabworkload\u76f8\u5173\u7684,\u67092\u79cd\u4e0d\u540cworkload\u7684\u7c7b\u578b,\u5b83\u4eec\u662f
\nsequential\u548crandom.
\n7.2.1 Sequential I\/O(\u987a\u5e8fIO)<\/strong>
\niostat \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ecIOPS \u548c\u6bcf\u4e2aI\/O \u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u603b\u989d.\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528iostat x
\n\u67e5\u770b.\u987a\u5e8f\u7684workload\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u987a\u5e8f\u8bf7\u6c42\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e.\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5e94\u7528,\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93(database)\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u670d\u52a1.\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a workload \u4e2d,KB per I\/O \u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684.Sequential workload \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e.\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2aI\/O \u90fd\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4,\u90a3\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u4e86\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406.
\n# iostat -x 1<\/p>\n

avgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n0.00 0.00 57.1 4 42.86
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 12891.43 0.00 105.71 0.00 1 06080.00 0.00 53040.00 1003.46 1099.43 3442.43 26.49
\n280.00
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 12857.14 0.00 5.71 0.00 105782.86 0.00 52891.43 18512.00 559.14 780.00 490.00
\n280.00
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 34.29 0.00 100.00 0.00 297.14 0.00 148.57 2.97 540.29 594.57 24.00 240.00
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n0.00 0.00 23.53 76.47
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 17320.59 0.00 102.94 0.00 142305.88 0.00 71152.94 1382.40 6975.29 952.29 28.57
\n294.12
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 16844.12 0.00 102.94 0.00 138352.94 0.00 69176.47 1344.00 6809.71 952.29 28.57
\n294.12
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 476.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 952.94 0.00 1976.47 0.00 165.59 0.00 0.00 276.47
\n\u8bc4\u4f30IOPS \u7684\u6548\u80fd,\u53ef\u7528\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199I\/O \u5b57\u8282\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bfb\u5199IOPS \u6570\u5f97\u51fa,\u6bd4\u5982
\nrkB\/s \u9664\u4ee5 r\/s
\nwkB\/s \u9664\u4ee5 w\/s
\n53040\/105 = 505KB per I\/O
\n71152\/102 = 697KB per I\/O
\n\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u770b\u51fa,\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4e0b,\/dev\/sda \u7684per I\/O \u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0.
\n7.2.2 Random I\/O(\u968f\u673aIO)<\/strong>
\nRandom\u7684worklaod\u73af\u5883\u4e0b,\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u591a\u5c11,\u66f4\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u7684IOPS \u6570.Web\u548cMail \u670d\u52a1
\n\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684Random workload.I\/O \u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f.Random workload\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u6bcf\u79d2\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u4ea7
\n\u751f.\u6240\u4ee5,\u78c1\u76d8\u7684IOPS \u6570\u662f\u5173\u952e.
\n# iostat x
\n1
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n2.04 0.00 97.96 0.00
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 633.67 3.06 102.31 24.49 5281.63 12.24 2640.82 288.89 73.67 113.89 27.22 50.00
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 5.10 0.00 2.04 0.00 57.14 0.00 28.57 28.00 1.12 55.00 55.00 11.22
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 628.57 3.06 100.27 24.49 5224.49 12.24 2612.24 321.50 72.55 121.25 30.63 50.00
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n2.15 0.00 97.85 0.00
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 41.94 6.45 130.98 51.61 352.69 25.81 3176.34 19.79 2.90 286.32 7.37 15.05
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 41.94 4.30 130.98 34.41 352.69 17.20 3176.34 21.18 2.90 320.00 8.24 15.05
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.00 17.20 0.00 8.60 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4:
\n2640\/102 = 23KB per I\/O
\n3176\/130 = 24KB per I\/O
\n(\u5bf9\u4e8e\u987a\u5e8fI\/O\u6765\u8bf4,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8003\u8651\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5373KB per request.\u5bf9\u4e8e\u968f\u673aI\/O\u7cfb\u7edf,\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684
\n\u662fIOPS\u503c)
\n7.3 When Virtual Memory Kills I\/O<\/strong>
\n\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684RAM \u54cd\u5e94\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42,\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230SWAP device.\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfI\/O,\u4f7f\u7528
\nSWAP device \u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927.\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u7528,\u90a3\u5c31\u90fd\u5728SWAP disk\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58
\n\u5206\u9875,\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95eeSWAP device,\u90a3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u9047\u5230I\/O \u74f6\u9888.\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684
\n\u5168\u9762\u5d29\u6e83.\u5982\u679c\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u8bfb\u6216\u5199\u78c1\u76d8,\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u7559\u5728RAM\u4e2d.\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u4e45,\u5185\u6838\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b
\n\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4.\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86,I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u4f4f\u4e86,\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u505a\u5c31\u88ab\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86,\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0kernel panic
\n\u548csystem crash.
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684vmstat \u793a\u8303\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf:
\nprocs memoryswapiosystemcpur
\nb swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
\n17 0 1250 3248 45820 1488472 30 132 992 0 2437 7657 23 50 0 23
\n11 0 1376 3256 45820 1488888 57 245 416 0 2391 7173 10 90 0 0
\n12 0 1582 1688 45828 1490228 63 131 1348 76 2432 7315 10 90 0 10
\n12 2 3981 1848 45468 1489824 185 56 2300 68 2478 9149 15 12 0 73
\n14 2 10385 2400 44484 1489732 0 87 1112 20 2515 11620 0 12 0 88
\n14 2 12671 2280 43644 1488816 76 51 1812 204 2546 11407 20 45 0 35
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u770b\u51fa,\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u56de\u5185\u5b58(bi),\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u51cf\u5c11(free).\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5199\u5165swap
\ndevice\u7684\u5757\u6570\u76ee(so)\u548cswap \u7a7a\u95f4(swpd)\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0.\u540c\u65f6\u770b\u5230CPU WIO time(wa)\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5f88\u5927.\u8fd9\u8868\u660eI\/
\nO \u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bfc\u81f4CPU \u5f00\u59cb\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b.
\n\u8981\u770bswaping \u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd,\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528iostat \u68c0\u67e5swap \u5206\u533a
\n# iostat x
\n1
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 1766.67 4866.67 1700.00 38933.33 31200.00 19466.67 15600.00 10.68 6526.67
\n100.56 5.08 3333.33
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 933.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 7733.33 0.00 3866.67 0.00 20.00 2145.07 7.37 200.00
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 0.00 4833.33 0.00 38666.67 533.33 19333.33 266.67 8.11 373.33 8.07 6.90 87.00
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 833.33 33.33 1700.00 266.67 22933.33 133.33 11466.67 13.38 6133.33 358.46 11.35
\n1966.67
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,swap device(\/dev\/sda1) \u548c file system device(\/dev\/sda3)\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8eI\/O. \u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a
\n\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42(w\/s),\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8wait time(await),\u6216\u8005\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7387(svctm).\u8fd9\u8868\u660e2\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u4e4b
\n\u95f4\u4e92\u6709\u8054\u7cfb,\u4e92\u6709\u5f71\u54cd.
\n7.4 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>
\nI\/O \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9:
\n1,\u5f53CPU \u6709\u7b49\u5f85I\/O \u60c5\u51b5\u65f6,\u90a3\u8bf4\u660e\u78c1\u76d8\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u8d1f\u8377\u72b6\u6001.
\n2,\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f60\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u591a\u5927\u7684IOPS \u6570.
\n3,\u786e\u5b9a\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u6216\u8005\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8.
\n4,\u76d1\u63a7\u78c1\u76d8\u6162\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83wait time(await) \u548c service time(svctm).
\n5,\u76d1\u63a7swap \u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u533a,\u8981\u786e\u4fddvirtual memory\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfI\/O \u7684\u74f6\u9888.
\n8.0 Network \u76d1\u63a7\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d,\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684.\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61.\u5f53\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd,\u8fd9\u6709\u592a
\n\u591a\u56e0\u7d20.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf,\u51b2\u7a81,\u62e5\u6324\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931.
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u68c0\u67e5Ethernet(\u7f51\u5361),IP,TCP\u7684\u6027\u80fd.
\n8.1 Ethernet Configuration Settings(\u7f51\u5361\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e)<\/strong>
\n\u9664\u975e\u5f88\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5b9a,\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u901f\u5ea6.\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6,\u4f1a\u5404\u81ea\u91c7
\n\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u7387\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f.
\n\u591a\u6570\u5546\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728100 \u6216 1000BaseTX.\u4f7f\u7528ethtool \u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u90a3\u79cd\u901f\u7387.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709100BaseTX \u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf,\u81ea\u52a8\u534f\u5546\u9002\u5e94\u81f310BaseTX \u7684\u60c5\u51b5.
\n# ethtool eth0
\nSettings for eth0:
\nSupported ports: [ TP MII ]
\nSupported link modes: 10baseT\/Half 10baseT\/Full
\n100baseT\/Half 100baseT\/Full
\nSupports autonegotiation:
\nYes
\nAdvertised link modes: 10baseT\/Half 10baseT\/Full
\n100baseT\/Half 100baseT\/Full
\nAdvertised autonegotiation:
\nYes
\nSpeed: 10Mb\/s
\nDuplex: Half
\nPort: MII
\nPHYAD: 32
\nTransceiver: internal
\nAutonegotiation:
\non
\nSupports Wakeon:
\npumbg
\nWakeon:
\nd
\nCurrent message level: 0x00000007 (7)
\nLink detected: yes
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u8303\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u5982\u4f55\u5f3a\u5236\u7f51\u5361\u901f\u7387\u8c03\u6574\u81f3100BaseTX:
\n# ethtool s
\neth0 speed 100 duplex full autoneg off
\n# ethtool eth0
\nSettings for eth0:
\nSupported ports: [ TP MII ]
\nSupported link modes: 10baseT\/Half 10baseT\/Full
\n100baseT\/Half 100baseT\/Full
\nSupports autonegotiation:
\nYes
\nAdvertised link modes: 10baseT\/Half 10baseT\/Full
\n100baseT\/Half 100baseT\/Full
\nAdvertised autonegotiation:
\nNo
\nSpeed: 100Mb\/s
\nDuplex: Full
\nPort: MII
\nPHYAD: 32
\nTransceiver: internal
\nAutonegotiation:
\noff
\nSupports Wakeon:
\npumbg
\nWakeon:
\nd
\nCurrent message level: 0x00000007 (7)
\nLink detected: yes
\n8.2 Monitoring Network Throughput(\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7)<\/strong>
\n\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6709\u5e26\u5bbd\u95ee\u9898.\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f,\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u4f18\u5316,\u8fd92\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a,\u7f51\u7ebf,\u6216
\n\u8005\u8def\u7531\u5668.\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f,\u5728\u8fd92\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0b\u6765,\u6bd4\u5982\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u901f
\n\u5ea6.
\n8.2.0 \u4f7f\u7528iptraf \u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/strong>
\niptraf \u5de5\u5177(http:\/\/iptraf.seul.org<\/a>),\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u76d8.
\n#iptraf d
\neth0
\n\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u53ef\u770b\u5230,\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u9001\u4f20\u8f93\u7387(Outgoing rates)\u4e3a 61 mbps,\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e100 mbps\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8bf4,\u6709\u70b9\u6162.
\n8.2.1 \u4f7f\u7528netperf \u67e5\u770b\u7ec8\u7aef\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/strong>
\n\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8eiptraf \u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5728\u672c\u5730\u76d1\u63a7\u6d41\u91cf,netperf \u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458,\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7.\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u4ece
\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef(\u6bd4\u5982file \u6216web server),\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9
\n\u7684.netperf \u5de5\u5177\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662fclient\/server \u6a21\u5f0f.
\n\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u63a7\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5,\u9996\u5148netperf server \u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a:
\nserver# netserver
\nStarting netserver at port 12865
\nStarting netserver at hostname 0.0.0.0 port 12865 and family AF_UNSPEC
\nnetperf \u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u91cd\u91c7\u6837.\u591a\u6570\u57fa\u672c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5.\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f,\u4e00\u4e2a
\nLAN(\u5c40\u57df\u7f51) \u73af\u5883\u4e0b,\u4ececlient \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b2130\u79d2\u7684TCP \u541e\u5410\u91cf\u91c7\u6837:
\n\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u770b\u51fa,\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u572889 mbps \u5de6\u53f3.server(192.168.1.215) \u4e0eclient \u5728\u540c\u4e00LAN \u4e2d.\u8fd9
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e100 mbps\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8bf4,\u6027\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u597d.
\nclient# netperf H
\n192.168.1.215 l
\n30
\nTCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to
\n192.168.1.230 (192.168.1.230) port 0 AF_INET
\nRecv Send Send
\nSocket Socket Message Elapsed
\nSize Size Size Time Throughput
\nbytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits\/sec
\n87380 16384 16384 30.02 89.46
\n\u4eceLAN \u5207\u6362\u5230\u5177\u590754G(WirelessG
\n\u662f\u672a\u676554Mbps\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u8054\u7f51\u6807\u51c6)\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d,\u5e76\u572810 \u82f1\u5c3a
\n\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6.\u8be5\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5c31\u6025\u5267\u7684\u4e0b\u964d.\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5c31\u4e3a54 MBits\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0b,\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u603b\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5c31\u4e3a14
\nMBits.
\nclient# netperf H
\n192.168.1.215 l
\n30
\nTCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to
\n192.168.1.215 (192.168.1.215) port 0 AF_INET
\nRecv Send Send
\nSocket Socket Message Elapsed
\nSize Size Size Time Throughput
\nbytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits\/sec
\n87380 16384 16384 30.10 14.09
\n\u5982\u679c\u572850\u82f1\u5c3a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5462,\u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u81f35 MBits.
\n# netperf H
\n192.168.1.215 l
\n30
\nTCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to
\n192.168.1.215 (192.168.1.215) port 0 AF_INET
\nRecv Send Send
\nSocket Socket Message Elapsed
\nSize Size Size Time Throughput
\nbytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits\/sec
\n87380 16384 16384 30.64 5.05
\n\u5982\u679c\u4eceLAN \u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a,\u5219\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8dcc\u81f31 Mbits\u4e0b\u4e86.
\n# netperf H
\nlitemail.org p
\n1500 l
\n30
\nTCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to
\nlitemail.org (72.249.104.148) port 0 AF_INET
\nRecv Send Send
\nSocket Socket Message Elapsed
\nSize Size Size Time Throughput
\nbytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits\/sec
\n87380 16384 16384 31.58 0.93
\n\u6700\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aVPN \u8fde\u63a5\u73af\u5883,\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6700\u69fd\u7cd5\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e86.
\n# netperf H
\n10.0.1.129 l
\n30
\nTCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to
\n10.0.1.129 (10.0.1.129) port 0 AF_INET
\nRecv Send Send
\nSocket Socket Message Elapsed
\nSize Size Size Time Throughput
\nbytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits\/sec
\n87380 16384 16384 31.99 0.51
\n\u53e6\u5916,netperf \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6bcf\u79d2\u603b\u8ba1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7684TCP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6570.\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u5355\u4e00TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u987a\u5e8f\u5730\u53d1\u9001
\n\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94(ack \u5305\u6765\u56de\u57281\u4e2abyte \u5927\u5c0f).\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eRDBMS \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u8005\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u572830 \u79d2\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185,\u6a21\u62dfTCP \u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94:
\nclient# netperf t
\nTCP_RR H
\n192.168.1.230 l
\n30
\nTCP REQUEST\/RESPONSE TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET
\nto 192.168.1.230 (192.168.1.230) port 0 AF_INET
\nLocal \/Remote
\nSocket Size Request Resp. Elapsed Trans.
\nSend Recv Size Size Time Rate
\nbytes Bytes bytes bytes secs. per sec
\n16384 87380 1 1 30.00 4453.80
\n16384 87380
\n\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5904\u7406\u901f\u7387\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79d24453 psh\/ack(\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a1 byte).\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b,\u56e0\u4e3a
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6,\u591a\u6570requests(\u8bf7\u6c42),\u7279\u522b\u662fresponses(\u54cd\u5e94),\u90fd\u5927\u4e8e1 byte.
\n\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,netperf \u4e00\u822crequests \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u75282K\u5927\u5c0f,responses \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u752832K\u5927\u5c0f:
\nclient# netperf t
\nTCP_RR H
\n192.168.1.230 l
\n30 r
\n2048,32768
\nTCP REQUEST\/RESPONSE TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to
\n192.168.1.230 (192.168.1.230) port 0 AF_INET
\nLocal \/Remote
\nSocket Size Request Resp. Elapsed Trans.
\nSend Recv Size Size Time Rate
\nbytes Bytes bytes bytes secs. per sec
\n16384 87380 2048 32768 30.00 222.37
\n16384 87380
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u901f\u7387\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4e86\u6bcf\u79d2222.
\n8.2.2 \u4f7f\u7528iperf \u8bc4\u4f30\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u7387<\/strong>
\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u57282\u7aef\u68c0\u67e5\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,iperf \u548cnetperf \u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c.\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f,iperf \u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u901a\u8fc7windows size
\n\u548cQOS \u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u68c0\u67e5TCP\/UDP \u7684\u6548\u7387\u60c5\u51b5.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177,\u662f\u7ed9\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316TCP\/IP stacks\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e9bstacks
\n\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4eec\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u505a\u7684.
\niperf \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f,\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u5728server \u6216\u8005client \u4efb\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b.\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u752850001 \u7aef\u53e3.
\n\u9996\u5148\u542f\u52a8server \u7aef(192.168.1.215):
\nserver# iperf s
\nD
\nRunning Iperf Server as a daemon
\nThe Iperf daemon process ID : 3655
\nServer
\nlistening on TCP port 5001
\nTCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default)
\n\u5728
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc,\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b,\u5176\u4e2dclient \u7aef\u91cd\u590d\u8fd0\u884ciperf,\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u5047
\n\u5b9a\u5904\u4e8e\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u72b6\u6001,\u5f88\u591a\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7dISO images\u6587\u4ef6.
\n\u9996\u5148client \u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u5230server \u7aef(192.168.1.215),\u5e76\u5728\u603b\u8ba160\u79d2\u65f6\u95f4\u5185,\u6bcf5\u79d2\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e26\u5bbd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91c7\u6837.
\nclient# iperf c
\n192.168.1.215 t
\n60 i
\n5
\nClient
\nconnecting to 192.168.1.215, TCP port 5001
\nTCP window size: 25.6 KByte (default)
\n[
\n3] local 192.168.224.150 port 51978 connected with
\n192.168.1.215 port 5001
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 0.05.0
\nsec 6.22 MBytes 10.4 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 5.010.0
\nsec 6.05 MBytes 10.1 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 10.015.0
\nsec 5.55 MBytes 9.32 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 15.020.0
\nsec 5.19 MBytes 8.70 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 20.025.0
\nsec 4.95 MBytes 8.30 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 25.030.0
\nsec 5.21 MBytes 8.74 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 30.035.0
\nsec 2.55 MBytes 4.29 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 35.040.0
\nsec 5.87 MBytes 9.84 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 40.045.0
\nsec 5.69 MBytes 9.54 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 45.050.0
\nsec 5.64 MBytes 9.46 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 50.055.0
\nsec 4.55 MBytes 7.64 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 55.060.0
\nsec 4.47 MBytes 7.50 Mbits\/sec
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 0.060.0
\nsec 61.9 MBytes 8.66 Mbits\/sec
\n\u8fd9\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93,\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u91c7\u6837.\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u603b\u8ba160\u79d2\u65f6\u95f4\u5185,\u90fd\u57284 10
\nMBits \u4e0a\u4e0b\u8d77\u4f0f.
\n\u9664\u4e86TCP \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e4b\u5916,iperf \u7684UDP \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u6296\u52a8.
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684iperf \u6d4b\u8bd5,\u662f\u5728\u540c\u6837\u768454Mbit G\u6807\u51c6\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d.\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u793a\u8303\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d,\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ea\u67099
\nMbits.
\n# iperf c
\n192.168.1.215 b
\n10M
\nWARNING: option b
\nimplies udp testing
\nClient
\nconnecting to 192.168.1.215, UDP port 5001
\nSending 1470 byte datagrams
\nUDP buffer size: 107 KByte (default)
\n[
\n3] local 192.168.224.150 port 33589 connected with 192.168.1.215 port 5001
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
\n[ 3] 0.010.0
\nsec 11.8 MBytes 9.90 Mbits\/sec
\n[ 3] Sent 8420 datagrams
\n[ 3] Server Report:
\n[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost\/Total Datagrams
\n[ 3] 0.010.0
\nsec 6.50 MBytes 5.45 Mbits\/sec 0.480 ms 3784\/ 8419 (45%)
\n[ 3] 0.010.0
\nsec 1 datagrams received outoforder
\n\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u53ef\u770b\u51fa,\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f20\u8f9310M \u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6,\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u4ea7\u751f\u4e865.45M.\u5374\u670945% \u7684\u5305\u4e22\u5931.
\n8.3 Individual Connections with tcptrace<\/strong>
\ntcptrace \u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u5177\u4f53\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc,\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684TCP \u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f.\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u4f7f\u7528libcap \u6765\u5206\u6790\u67d0\u4e00\u5177\u4f53TCP
\nsessions.\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u6c47\u62a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f,\u6709\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u67d0\u4e00TCP stream\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f
\n\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6709:
\n1,TCP Retransmissions(IP \u8f6c\u64ad) \u6240
\n\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5305\u603b\u989d
\n2,TCP Windows Sizes \u8fde
\n\u63a5\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u4e0e\u5c0f\u7684windows sizes \u6709\u5173
\n3,Total throughput of the connection \u8fde
\n\u63a5\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf
\n4,Connection duration \u8fde
\n\u63a5\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4
\n8.3.1 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60 \u4f7f
\n\u7528tcptrace
\ntcptrace \u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u90e8\u5206Linux \u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u4e2d\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u4e86,\u8be5\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7ad9,\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\u5305:http:\/\/
\ndag.wieers.com\/rpm\/packages \/tcptrace.tcptrace \u9700\u8981libcap \u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528.\u5728tcptrace \u6ca1\u6709\u9009
\n\u9879\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u6355\u83b7.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f,\u4f7f\u7528libcap \u57fa\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3abigstuff:
\n# tcptrace bigstuff
\n1 arg remaining, starting with ‘bigstuff’
\nOstermann’s tcptrace version
\n6.6.7 Thu
\nNov 4, 2004
\n146108 packets seen, 145992 TCP packets traced
\nelapsed wallclock time: 0:00:01.634065, 89413 pkts\/sec analyzed
\ntrace file elapsed time: 0:09:20.358860
\nTCP connection info:
\n1: 192.168.1.60:pcanywherestat 192.168.1.102:
\n2571 (a2b) 404> 450<<BR>2: 192.168.1.60:3356 ftp.
\nstrongmail.net:21 (c2d) 35> 21<<BR>3: 192.168.1.60:3825 ftp.
\nstrongmail.net:65023 (e2f) 5> 4<<BR>(complete)
\n4: 192.168.1.102:1339 205.188.8.194:
\n5190 (g2h) 6> 6<<BR>5: 192.168.1.102:1490 cs127.
\nmsg.mud.yahoo.com:5050 (i2j) 5> 5<<BR>6: pyinf111.
\ngoogle.com:993 192.168.1.102:
\n3785 (k2l) 13> 14<<BR>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d,\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a.tcptrace \u4f7f\u7528l
\n\u548co
\n\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e00\u8fde\u63a5\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684
\n\u6570\u636e.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c,\u5c31\u662f\u5728bigstuff \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d,#16 \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e:
\n# tcptrace l
\no1
\nbigstuff
\n1 arg remaining, starting with ‘bigstuff’
\nOstermann’s tcptrace version
\n6.6.7 Thu
\nNov 4, 2004
\n146108 packets seen, 145992 TCP packets traced
\nelapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.529361, 276008 pkts\/sec analyzed
\ntrace file elapsed time: 0:09:20.358860
\nTCP connection info:
\n32 TCP connections traced:
\nTCP connection 1:
\nhost a: 192.168.1.60:pcanywherestat
\nhost b: 192.168.1.102:2571
\ncomplete conn: no (SYNs: 0) (FINs: 0)
\nfirst packet: Sun Jul 20 15:58:05.472983 2008
\nlast packet: Sun Jul 20 16:00:04.564716 2008
\nelapsed time: 0:01:59.091733
\ntotal packets: 854
\nfilename: bigstuff
\na>
\nb: b>
\na:
\ntotal packets: 404 total packets: 450
\nack pkts sent: 404 ack pkts sent: 450
\npure acks sent: 13 pure acks sent: 320
\nsack pkts sent: 0 sack pkts sent: 0
\ndsack pkts sent: 0 dsack pkts sent: 0
\nmax sack blks\/ack: 0 max sack blks\/ack: 0
\nunique bytes sent: 52608 unique bytes sent: 10624
\nactual data pkts: 391 actual data pkts: 130
\nactual data bytes: 52608 actual data bytes: 10624
\nrexmt data pkts: 0 rexmt data pkts: 0
\nrexmt data bytes: 0 rexmt data bytes: 0
\nzwnd probe pkts: 0 zwnd probe pkts: 0
\nzwnd probe bytes: 0 zwnd probe bytes: 0
\noutoforder pkts: 0 outoforder pkts: 0
\npushed data pkts: 391 pushed data pkts: 130
\nSYN\/FIN pkts sent: 0\/0 SYN\/FIN pkts sent: 0\/0
\nurgent data pkts: 0 pkts urgent data pkts: 0 pkts
\nurgent data bytes: 0 bytes urgent data bytes: 0 bytes
\nmss requested: 0 bytes mss requested: 0 bytes
\nmax segm size: 560 bytes max segm size: 176 bytes
\nmin segm size: 48 bytes min segm size: 80 bytes
\navg segm size: 134 bytes avg segm size: 81 bytes
\nmax win adv: 19584 bytes max win adv: 65535 bytes
\nmin win adv: 19584 bytes min win adv: 64287 bytes
\nzero win adv: 0 times zero win adv: 0 times
\navg win adv: 19584 bytes avg win adv: 64949 bytes
\ninitial window: 160 bytes initial window: 0 bytes
\ninitial window: 2 pkts initial window: 0 pkts
\nttl stream length: NA ttl stream length: NA
\nmissed data: NA missed data: NA
\ntruncated data: 36186 bytes truncated data: 5164 bytes
\ntruncated packets: 391 pkts truncated packets: 130 pkts
\ndata xmit time: 119.092 secs data xmit time: 116.954 secs
\nidletime max: 441267.1 ms idletime max: 441506.3 ms
\nthroughput: 442 Bps throughput: 89 Bps
\n8.3.2 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60 \u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u64ad\u7387<\/strong>
\n\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u8bf4\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u8f6c\u64ad\u95ee\u9898,\u53ea\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790,\u4f7f\u7528tcptrace \u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\u5236
\n\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u627e\u51fa\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fde\u63a5.\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d,\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5,\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8f6c\u64ad.\u627e
\n\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a,\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e.
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc,tcptrace \u5c06\u627e\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f6c\u64ad\u5927\u4e8e100 segments(\u5206\u6bb5\u6570)\u7684\u8fde\u63a5:
\n# tcptrace f’rexmit_
\nsegs>100′ bigstuff
\nOutput filter: ((c_rexmit_segs>100)OR(s_rexmit_segs>100))
\n1 arg remaining, starting with ‘bigstuff’
\nOstermann’s tcptrace version
\n6.6.7 Thu
\nNov 4, 2004
\n146108 packets seen, 145992 TCP packets traced
\nelapsed wallclock time: 0:00:00.687788, 212431 pkts\/sec analyzed
\ntrace file elapsed time: 0:09:20.358860
\nTCP connection info:
\n16:\u00a0ftp.strongmail.net:65014<\/a>\u00a0192.168.1.60:
\n2158 (ae2af) 18695> 9817<<BR>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d,\u662f#16 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc,\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86100 \u8f6c\u64ad.\u73b0\u5728,\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f:
\n# tcptrace l
\no16
\nbigstuff
\narg remaining, starting with ‘bigstuff’
\nOstermann’s tcptrace version
\n6.6.7 Thu
\nNov 4, 2004
\n146108 packets seen, 145992 TCP packets traced
\nelapsed wallclock time: 0:00:01.355964, 107752 pkts\/sec analyzed
\ntrace file elapsed time: 0:09:20.358860
\nTCP connection info:
\n32 TCP connections traced:
\n================================
\nTCP connection 16:
\nhost ae:\u00a0ftp.strongmail.net:65014<\/a>
\nhost af: 192.168.1.60:2158
\ncomplete conn: no (SYNs: 0) (FINs: 1)
\nfirst packet: Sun Jul 20 16:04:33.257606 2008
\nlast packet: Sun Jul 20 16:07:22.317987 2008
\nelapsed time: 0:02:49.060381
\ntotal packets: 28512
\nfilename: bigstuff
\nae>
\naf: af>
\nae:
\nunique bytes sent: 25534744 unique bytes sent: 0
\nactual data pkts: 18695 actual data pkts: 0
\nactual data bytes: 25556632 actual data bytes: 0
\nrexmt data pkts: 1605 rexmt data pkts: 0
\nrexmt data bytes: 2188780 rexmt data bytes: 0
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u64ad\u7387:
\nrexmt\/actual * 100 = Retransmission rate
\n1605\/18695* 100 = 8.5%
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6162\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u539f\u56e0,\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u67098.5% \u7684\u8f6c\u64ad\u7387.
\n8.3.3 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60 \u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u64ad\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>
\ntcptrace \u5de5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e,\u6309\u7167\u5c5e\u6027,\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709protocol(\u534f\u8bae),port(\u7aef\u53e3),time\u7b49
\n\u7b49.Slice module\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f60\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684TCP \u6027\u80fd.\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u80fd\u6570
\n\u636e,\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u627e\u51fa\u74f6\u9888.
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u793a\u8303\u4e86,tcptrace \u662f\u600e\u6837\u4f7f\u7528slice \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684:
\n# tcptrace \u2013xslice bigfile
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aslice.dat \u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9,\u5305\u542b\u662f\u6bcf15\u79d2\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u8f6c\u64ad\u7684\u76f8\u5173
\n\u4fe1\u606f:
\n# ls l
\nslice.dat
\nrwrr1
\nroot root 3430 Jul 10 22:50 slice.dat
\n# more slice.dat
\ndate segs bytes rexsegs rexbytes new active
\n22:
\n19:41.913288 46 5672 0 0 1 1
\n22:19:56.913288 131 25688 0 0 0 1
\n22:20:11.913288 0 0 0 0 0 0
\n22:20:26.913288 5975 4871128 0 0 0 1
\n22:20:41.913288 31049 25307256 0 0 0 1
\n22:20:56.913288 23077 19123956 40 59452 0 1
\n22:21:11.913288 26357 21624373 5 7500 0 1
\n22:21:26.913288 20975 17248491 3 4500 12 13
\n22:21:41.913288 24234 19849503 10 15000 3 5
\n22:21:56.913288 27090 22269230 36 53999 0 2
\n22:22:11.913288 22295 18315923 9 12856 0 2
\n22:22:26.913288 8858 7304603 3 4500 0 1
\n8.4 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>
\n\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210:
\n1,\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u5361\u90fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u901f\u7387.
\n2,\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf,\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u5904\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901f\u5ea6.
\n3,\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b,\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7b56\u7565.
\n\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed: \u8fd9\u662f\u8be5\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7,\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4e2d,\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u73af\u5883,\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u51e0\u7bc7\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d89\u53ca\u5230
\n\u7684\u5de5\u5177,\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5.\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7,\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u4e60.
\nBTW:\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u6280\u672f\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a,\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u7ae0,\u5927\u4f53\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u8be5\u4f5c\u80050607
\n\u5e74\u6240\u8457\u8bba\u6587,\u6b64\u8bd1\u6587\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a
\nOSCON 2009\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684.\u6240\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u96f7\u540c,\u7279\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0b.
\n\u9644\u5f55 A: \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60 \u6027
\n\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4e4b\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb
\n\u67d0\u4e00\u5929,\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u6765\u9700\u8981\u6280\u672f\u5e2e\u52a9,\u5e76\u62b1\u6028\u5e73\u5e3815\u79d2\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u898120\u5206\u949f\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00.
\n\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u5982\u4e0b:
\nRedHat Enterprise Linux 3 update 7
\nDell 1850 Dual Core Xenon Processors, 2 GB RAM, 75GB 15K Drives
\nCustom LAMP software stack(Llinux+apache+mysql+php \u73af\u5883)
\n\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u6b65\u9aa4
\n1. \u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528vmstat \u67e5\u770b\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u60c5\u51b5:
\n# vmstat 1 10
\nprocs memory swap io system cpu
\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
\n1 0 249844 19144 18532 1221212 0 0 7 3 22 17 25 8 17 18
\n0 1 249844 17828 18528 1222696 0 0 40448 8 1384 1138 13 7 65 14
\n0 1 249844 18004 18528 1222756 0 0 13568 4 623 534 3 4 56 37
\n2 0 249844 17840 18528 1223200 0 0 35200 0 1285 1017 17 7 56 20
\n1 0 249844 22488 18528 1218608 0 0 38656 0 1294 1034 17 7 58 18
\n0 1 249844 21228 18544 1219908 0 0 13696 484 609 559 5 3 54 38
\n0 1 249844 17752 18544 1223376 0 0 36224 4 1469 1035 10 6 67 17
\n1 1 249844 17856 18544 1208520 0 0 28724 0 950 941 33 12 49 7
\n1 0 249844 17748 18544 1222468 0 0 40968 8 1266 1164 17 9 59 16
\n1 0 249844 17912 18544 1222572 0 0 41344 12 1237 1080 13 8 65 13
\n\u5206\u6790:
\n1,\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u5bfc\u81f4,\u56e0\u4e3aswapping \u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u53d8\u5316(si \u548c so).\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591a(free),\u4f46swpd \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8
\n\u5316.
\n2,CPU \u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u95ee\u9898,\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217(procs r),\u4f46\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8fd8\u59cb\u7ec8\u670950% \u591a\u7684idle(CPU id).
\n3,\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362(cs)\u4ee5\u53cadisk block\u4eceRAM\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165(bo).
\n4,CPU \u8fd8\u6709\u5e73\u574720% \u7684I\/O \u7b49\u5f85\u60c5\u51b5.
\n\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa,\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aI\/O \u74f6\u9888.
\n2. \u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528iostat \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u8c01\u5728\u53d1\u51faIO \u8bf7\u6c42:
\n# iostat x
\n1
\nLinux 2.4.2140.
\nELsmp (mail.example.com) 03\/26\/2007
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n30.00 0.00 9.33 60.67
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 7929.01 30.34 1180.91 14.23 7929.01 357.84 3964.50 178.92 6.93 0.39 0.03 0.06 6.69
\n\/dev\/sda1 2.67 5.46 0.40 1.76 24.62 57.77 12.31 28.88 38.11 0.06 2.78 1.77 0.38
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 0.30 0.07 0.02 0.57 2.57 0.29 1.28 32.86 0.00 3.81 2.64 0.03
\n\/dev\/sda3 7929.01 24.58 1180.44 12.45 7929.01 297.50 3964.50 148.75 6.90 0.32 0.03 0.06 6.68
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n9.50 0.00 10.68 79.82
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 0.00 1195.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.69 3.60 0.99 117.86
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 0.00 1195.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.69 3.60 0.99 117.86
\navgcpu:
\n%user %nice %sys %idle
\n9.23 0.00 10.55 79.22
\nDevice: rrqm\/s wrqm\/s r\/s w\/s rsec\/s wsec\/s rkB\/s wkB\/s avgrqsz
\navgqusz
\nawait svctm %util
\n\/dev\/sda 0.00 0.00 1200.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.65 2.12 0.99 112.51
\n\/dev\/sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
\n\/dev\/sda3 0.00 0.00 1200.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.65 2.12 0.99 112.51
\n\u5206\u6790:
\n1,\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u53ea\u6709\/dev\/sda3 \u5206\u533a\u5f88\u6d3b\u8dc3,\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u533a\u90fd\u5f88\u7a7a\u95f2.
\n2,\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u67091200 \u8bfbIOPS,\u78c1\u76d8\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u652f\u6301200 IOPS\u5de6\u53f3(\u53c2\u8003\u4e4b\u524d\u7684IOPS \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f).
\n3,\u6709\u8d85\u8fc72\u79d2,\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8(rkb\/s).\u8fd9\u548c\u5728vmstat \u770b\u5230\u6709\u5927\u91cfI\/O wait\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684.
\n4,\u5927\u91cf\u7684read IOPS(r\/s)\u548c\u5728vmstat \u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u662f\u5339\u914d\u7684.\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5f88\u591a\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684.
\n\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa,\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42,\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86I\/O \u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8303\u56f4.
\n3. \u4f7f\u7528top \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n# top d
\n1
\n11:46:11 up 3 days, 19:13, 1 user, load average: 1.72, 1.87, 1.80
\n176 processes: 174 sleeping, 2 running, 0 zombie, 0 stopped
\nCPU states: cpu user nice system irq softirq iowait idle
\ntotal 12.8% 0.0% 4.6% 0.2% 0.2% 18.7% 63.2%
\ncpu00 23.3% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 36.8% 32.0%
\ncpu01 28.4% 0.0% 10.7% 0.0% 0.0% 38.2% 22.5%
\ncpu02 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.0% 98.0%
\ncpu03 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%
\nMem: 2055244k av, 2032692k used, 22552k free, 0k shrd, 18256k buff
\n1216212k actv, 513216k in_d, 25520k in_c
\nSwap: 4192956k av, 249844k used, 3943112k free 1218304k cached
\nPID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
\n14939 mysql 25 0 379M 224M 1117 R 38.2 25.7% 15:17.78 mysqld
\n4023 root 15 0 2120 972 784 R 2.0 0.3 0:00.06 top
\n1 root 15 0 2008 688 592 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.30 init
\n2 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:22.59 ksoftirqd\/0
\n3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog\/0
\n4 root 10 5
\n0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 events\/0
\n\u5206\u6790:
\n1,\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u591a\u7684\u597d\u50cf\u5c31\u662fmysql \u8fdb\u7a0b,\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168idle \u72b6\u6001.
\n2,\u5728top(wa) \u770b\u5230\u7684\u6570\u503c,\u548c\u5728vmstat \u770b\u5230\u7684wio \u6570\u503c\u662f\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684.
\n\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa,\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u53ea\u6709mysql \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90,\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8bba\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e.
\n4. \u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u662fmysql \u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42,\u4f7f\u7528strace \u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u5728\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ec0\u4e48.
\n# strace p
\n14939
\nProcess 14939 attached interrupt
\nto quit
\nread(29, “\\3\\1\\237\\1\\366\\337\\1\\222%\\4\\2\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0012P\/d”, 20) = 20
\nread(29, “ata1\/strongmail\/log\/strongmaild”…,
\n399) = 399
\n_llseek(29, 2877621036, [2877621036], SEEK_SET) = 0
\nread(29, “\\1\\1\\241\\366\\337\\1\\223%\\4\\2\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0012P\/da”, 20) = 20
\nread(29, “ta1\/strongmail\/log\/strongmailde”…,
\n400) = 400
\n_llseek(29, 2877621456, [2877621456], SEEK_SET) = 0
\nread(29, “\\1\\1\\235\\366\\337\\1\\224%\\4\\2\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0012P\/da”, 20) = 20
\nread(29, “ta1\/strongmail\/log\/strongmailde”…,
\n396) = 396
\n_llseek(29, 2877621872, [2877621872], SEEK_SET) = 0
\nread(29, “\\1\\1\\245\\366\\337\\1\\225%\\4\\2\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0012P\/da”, 20) = 20
\nread(29, “ta1\/strongmail\/log\/strongmailde”…,
\n404) = 404
\n_llseek(29, 2877622296, [2877622296], SEEK_SET) = 0
\nread(29, “\\3\\1\\236\\2\\366\\337\\1\\226%\\4\\2\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0012P\/d”, 20) = 20
\n\u5206\u6790:
\n1,\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5bfb\u9053\u4e2d,\u8bf4\u660emysql \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u662f\u968f\u673aIO.
\n2,\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f,\u67d0\u4e00sql \u67e5\u8be2\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c.
\n\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa,\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bfbIOPS \u90fd\u662fmysql \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bfb\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684.
\n5. \u4f7f\u7528mysqladmin \u547d\u4ee4,\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684.
\n# .\/mysqladmin pstrongmail
\nprocesslist
\nId | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info
\n1 | root | localhost | strongmail | Sleep | 10 | |
\n| 2 | root | localhost | strongmail | Sleep | 8 | |
\n| 3 | root | localhost | root | Query | 94 | Updating | update `failures` set
\n`update_datasource`=’Y’ where database_id=’32’ and update_datasource=’N’ and |
\n| 14 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist
\n\u5206\u6790:
\n1,MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc,\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8fd0\u884ctable update\u67e5\u8be2.
\n2,\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2aupdate \u67e5\u8be2,\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684table \u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15.
\n\u7ed3\u8bba:
\n\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa,MySQL\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e9bupdate \u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898,\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709table \u8fdb\u884c\u7d22\u5f15.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63
\n\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u539f\u56e0.
\n\u540e\u7eed
\n\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458,\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684PHP \u4ee3\u7801.\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e34\u65f6
\n\u6027\u4f18\u5316.\u67d0\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u4e86,\u4e5f\u6700\u591a\u5230100K\u8bb0\u5f55.\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u672c\u8eab\u8003\u8651\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u57284\u767e\u4e07\u8bb0\u5f55.\u6700\u540e,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d
\n\u4f1a\u518d\u7ed9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e86.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttp:\/\/wenku.ba<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-1735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-01-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1735"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}