{"id":24,"date":"2017-09-11T22:51:14","date_gmt":"2017-09-11T14:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.5\/?p=24"},"modified":"2019-06-25T19:17:12","modified_gmt":"2019-06-25T11:17:12","slug":"%e5%85%ad%e4%b8%aa%e4%bc%98%e9%9b%85%e7%9a%84-linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/24","title":{"rendered":"\u516d\u4e2a\u4f18\u96c5\u7684 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u8ba9\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f7f\u7528 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u4e50\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u60a8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4ee5\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u516d\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f60\u7528\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u52a0\u503c\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n

watch<\/h2>\n

watch \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u60a8\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u6bcf\u4e24\u79d2\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u90fd\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4eba\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 watch who \u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005 watch -n 15 who\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u6bcf 15 \u79d2\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u79d2\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
$ watch -n 5 who\r\nEvery 5.0s: who                               stinkbug: Wed Aug 23 14:52:15 2017\r\n\r\nshs      pts\/0 2017-08-23 14:45 (192.168.0.11)\r\nzoe      pts\/1 2017-08-23 08:15 (192.168.0.19)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u7a97\u53e3\u89d2\u843d\u91cc\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
$ watch tail \/var\/log\/syslog\r\nEvery 2.0s: tail \/var\/log\/syslog              stinkbug: Wed Aug 23 15:16:37 2017\r\n\r\nAug 23 14:45:01 stinkbug CRON[7214]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > \/dev\/nu\r\nll && debian-sa1 1 1)\r\nAug 23 14:45:17 stinkbug systemd[1]: Started Session 179 of user shs.\r\nAug 23 14:55:01 stinkbug CRON[7577]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > \/dev\/nu\r\nll && debian-sa1 1 1)\r\nAug 23 15:05:01 stinkbug CRON[7582]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > \/dev\/nu\r\nll && debian-sa1 1 1)\r\nAug 23 15:08:48 stinkbug systemd[1]: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories...\r\nAug 23 15:08:48 stinkbug systemd-tmpfiles[7584]: [\/usr\/lib\/tmpfiles.d\/var.conf:1\r\n4] Duplicate line for path \"\/var\/log\", ignoring.\r\nAug 23 15:08:48 stinkbug systemd[1]: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories.\r\nAug 23 15:13:41 stinkbug systemd[1]: Started Session 182 of user shs.\r\nAug 23 15:14:29 stinkbug systemd[1]: Started Session 183 of user shs.\r\nAug 23 15:15:01 stinkbug CRON[7828]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > \/dev\/nu\r\nll && debian-sa1 1 1)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
look<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u5b57 look \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b83\u548c watch \u505a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002look \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
$ look ecl\r\neclectic\r\neclectic's\r\neclectically\r\neclecticism\r\neclecticism's\r\neclectics\r\neclipse\r\neclipse's\r\neclipsed\r\neclipses\r\neclipsing\r\necliptic\r\necliptic's<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
look \u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u62fc\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 \/usr\/share\/dict\/words \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
$ look esac .bashrc\r\nesac\r\nesac\r\nesac<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u8ddf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a awk \u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u7684 grep \uff0c\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5339\u914d\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n
man -k<\/h2>\n
man -k \u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u624b\u518c\u9875\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u548c apropos \u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
$ man -k logrotate\r\ndh_installlogrotate (1) - install logrotate config files\r\nlogrotate (8) - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs\r\nlogrotate.conf (5) - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
help<\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\uff0chelp \u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f60\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
$ help\r\nGNU bash, version 4.4.7(1)-release (i686-pc-linux-gnu)\r\nThese shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\r\nType `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.\r\nUse `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.\r\nUse `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.\r\n\r\nA star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\r\n\r\njob_spec [&]                            history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>\r\n(( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>\r\n. filename [arguments]                  jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >\r\n: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>\r\n[ arg... ]                              let arg [arg ...]\r\n[[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ...\r\nalias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]          logout [n]\r\nbg [job_spec ...]                       mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O or>\r\nbind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f file>  popd [-n] [+N | -N]\r\nbreak [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments]\r\nbuiltin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]       pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]\r\ncaller [expr] pwd [-LP]\r\ncase WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)>  read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [->\r\ncd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]            readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s>\r\ncommand [-pVv] command [arg ...]        readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] o>\r\ncompgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [> return [n]\r\ncomplete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] >  select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM>\r\ncompopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..> set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option->\r\ncontinue [n]                            shift [n]\r\ncoproc [NAME] command [redirections]    shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]\r\ndeclare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=v>  source filename [arguments]\r\ndirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]                  suspend [-f]\r\ndisown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid > test [expr]\r\necho [-neE] [arg ...] time [-p] pipeline\r\nenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na>  times\r\neval [arg ...]                          trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]\r\nexec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume> true\r\nexit [n]                                type [-afptP] name [name ...]\r\nexport [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex>  typeset [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] name[=v>\r\nfalse                                   ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [l>\r\nfc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o>  umask [-p] [-S] [mode]\r\nfg [job_spec]                           unalias [-a] name [name ...]\r\nfor NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND> unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...]\r\nfor (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN> until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done\r\nfunction name { COMMANDS ; } or name >  variables - Names and meanings of so>\r\ngetopts optstring name [arg]            wait [-n] [id ...]\r\nhash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name > while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done\r\nhelp [-dms] [pattern ...] { COMMANDS ; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
stat -c<\/h2>\n
stat \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u53f7\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u6bd4 ls -l \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
$ stat .bashrc\r\nFile: .bashrc\r\nSize: 4048 Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file\r\nDevice: 806h\/2054d Inode: 421481 Links: 1\r\nAccess: (0644\/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000\/     shs) Gid: ( 1000\/     shs)\r\nAccess: 2017-08-23 15:13:41.781809933 -0400\r\nModify: 2017-06-21 17:37:11.875157790 -0400\r\nChange: 2017-06-21 17:37:11.899157791 -0400\r\nBirth: -<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u53ea\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
$ stat -c '%n %a' .bashrc\r\n.bashrc 644<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c %n \u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c %a \u8868\u793a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002%u \u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 UID\uff0c\u800c %U \u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
$ stat -c '%n %a' bin\/*\r\nbin\/loop 700\r\nbin\/move2nohup 700\r\nbin\/nohup.out 600\r\nbin\/show_release 700\r\n\r\n$ stat -c '%n %a %U' bin\/*\r\nbin\/loop 700 shs\r\nbin\/move2nohup 700 shs\r\nbin\/nohup.out 600 root\r\nbin\/show_release 700 shs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
TAB<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7 tab \u952e\u6765\u8865\u5168\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6280\u5de7\u3002tab \u952e\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528 cd \u65f6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u6b67\u4e49\u4e4b\u524d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u586b\u5145\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a bigplans \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a bigplans2017 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9700\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u8fd8\u662f\u8f93\u5165 2 \u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6309\u4e0b tab \u952e\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740   \u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u547d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-24","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-01-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}