{"id":4288,"date":"2020-04-26T20:14:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T12:14:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn\/wordpress\/?p=4288"},"modified":"2020-04-26T20:14:29","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T12:14:29","slug":"raft-%e4%b8%80%e8%87%b4%e6%80%a7%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e8%af%91%e6%96%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/4288","title":{"rendered":"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/raft-paper\/\">\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"sub-title\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-detail\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\">\n<ul class=\"author\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\">\n<li data-v-57aa6d27=\"\"><a class=\"com-author-name\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f57\u8fdc\u822a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-detail\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\">\n<p class=\"detail read-number\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\"><span class=\"views\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\">\u9605\u8bfb\u6570\uff1a44581<\/span><span class=\"date\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\">2017 \u5e74 2 \u6708 4 \u65e5 01:22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-cover\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-typo article-content\" data-v-57aa6d27=\"\">\n<div>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684 RAFT \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u540d\u4e3a\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/ramcloud.atlassian.net\/wiki\/download\/attachments\/6586375\/raft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u00a0In search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm (Extended Version)\u00a0<\/a>\u300b(\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u548c Paxos \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u548c Paxos \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 Raft \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0cRaft \u5c06\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\uff08leader selection\uff09\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\uff08log replication\uff09\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08safety\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u770b\uff0cRaft \u6bd4 Paxos \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002Raft \u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a8\u6001\u6539\u53d8\u96c6\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u53e0\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff08overlapping majorities\uff09\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1- \u5f15\u8a00\">1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u7ec4\u673a\u5668\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u51fa\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d Paxos \u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u6709\u5173\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u6216\u8005\u53d7\u5b83\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 Paxos \u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u964d\u4f4e\u5b83\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u52aa\u529b\uff0cPaxos \u4f9d\u65e7\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0cPaxos \u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u624d\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u5934\u75bc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u88ab Paxos \u6298\u78e8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u4e0a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4 Paxos \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b66\u4e60\u5462\uff1f\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u51ed\u76f4\u89c9\u5c31\u80fd\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53eb\u505a Raft\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1 Raft \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\uff08\u5206\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\uff08leader selection\uff09\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\uff08log replication\uff09\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08safety\uff09\uff09\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u72b6\u6001\uff08state space reduction\uff09\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e Paxos\uff0cRaft \u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e92\u76f8\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u7684 43 \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cRaft \u6bd4 Paxos \u8981\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 33 \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u56de\u7b54 Raft \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u6bd4\u56de\u7b54 Paxos \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pmg.csail.mit.edu\/papers\/vr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Oki \u548c Liskov \u7684 Viewstamped Replication\u00a0<\/a>\u3002\u4f46\u662f Raft \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff08Strong Leader\uff09\uff1aRaft \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u53ea\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 Raft \u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\uff08Leader Selection\uff09\uff1aRaft \u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u6765\u9009\u53d6\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u5316\uff08Membership Change\uff09\uff1aRaft \u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u5408\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08joint consensus\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u4ea4\u8fed\uff08overlap\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cRaft \u5728\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4 Paxos \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u51fa\u4f17\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff1b\u5b83\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff08replicated state machine\uff09\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7b2c 2 \u8282\uff09\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba Paxos \u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff08\u7b2c 3 \u8282\uff09\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u63d0\u5347\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u7b2c 4 \u8282\uff09\uff0c\u9648\u8ff0 Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u7b2c 5~8 \u8282\uff09\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7 Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u7b2c 9 \u8282\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff08\u7b2c 10 \u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2- \u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a replicated-state-machine\">2. \u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff08Replicated State Machine\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.cornell.edu\/fbs\/publications\/SMSurvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/a>\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u526f\u672c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\u8fd9\u7ec4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u8fd8\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u5173\u5bb9\u9519\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGFS\uff0cHDFS \u8fd8\u6709 RAMCloud \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6709 Chubby \u548c ZooKeeper\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/8d\/02\/8d9e55e9f4841f110715b3fa67c31b02.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -1\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/center>\u5982\u56fe -1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u4e00\u4efd\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4f1a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u81f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6700\u7ec8\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u540c\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b95\u673a\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4e86\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u90fd\u4f1a\u6309\u540c\u6837\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u975e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\uff08Non-Byzantine\uff09\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u5206\u533a\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u4fe1\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u5c31\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709 5 \u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 2 \u53f0\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff08fail\uff09\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u5931\u8d25\uff08fail\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u51c6\u4e00\u4f1a\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u65f6\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u65f6\u949f\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5728\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u7684\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e00\u8f6e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u6162\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"3-paxos- \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\">3. Paxos \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684 10 \u5e74\u4e2d\uff0cLeslie Lamport \u7684 Paxos \u7b97\u6cd5\u51e0\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u6388\u8bfe\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002Paxos \u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u51b3\u7b56\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08single replicated log entry\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u53eb\u505a\u5355\u4e00\u51b3\u7b56 Paxos\uff08single-decree Paxos\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e Paxos \u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u591a\u4e2a\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08multi-Paxos\uff09\u3002Paxos \u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6027\uff08liveness\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u96c6\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0cPaxos \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f Paxos \u592a\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2\uff1b\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8bfb\u61c2\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5927\u5bb6\u505a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u90fd\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u51b3\u7b56\u5b50\u96c6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u5728 NSDI 2012 \u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9 Paxos \u90fd\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u66fe\u6df1\u9677\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bfb\u8fc7\u51e0\u7bc7\u7b80\u5316\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4e86 Paxos\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a Paxos \u7684\u6666\u6da9\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5b83\u5c06\u5355\u51b3\u7b56\u5b50\u96c6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5355\u51b3\u7b56\uff08Single-decree\uff09Paxos \u662f\u6666\u6da9\u4e14\u5fae\u5999\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5355\u4e00\u51b3\u7b56\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u591f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u591a\u51b3\u7b56 Paxos \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53c8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u5de7\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u591a\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Paxos \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u51b3\u7b56 Paxos \uff08multi-Paxos\uff09 \uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002Lamport \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5355\u51b3\u7b56 Paxos \uff08single-decree Paxos\uff09\uff1b\u4ed6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u73b0 Paxos \u548c\u4f18\u5316 Paxos \u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u548c Lamport \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u4e9b\u51fa\u5165\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cChubby \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c Paxos \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0cPaxos \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5355\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u6761\u76ee\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u878d\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\uff1a\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6309\u7167\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0cPaxos \u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u88ab\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u505a\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u7531\u9886\u5e26\u4eba\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u662f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u548c Paxos \u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e Paxos \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u6b64\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e Paxos \u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65e2\u8d39\u65f6\u53c8\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7406\u89e3 Paxos \u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u53c8\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002Paxos \u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5b83\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e86\u3002\u6765\u81ea Chubby \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bc4\u8bba\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Paxos \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u2026\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a Paxos \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bd5\u7740\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u6bd4 Paxos \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002Raft \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4- \u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\">4. \u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1 Raft \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u7528\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u9ad8\u6548\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u4eec\u53bb\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1 Raft \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u9762\u4e34\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6743\u8861\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff1a\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\uff1f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u591a\u590d\u6742\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1f\uff09\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u9002\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 Raft \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86<strong>\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\uff08leader election\uff09<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\uff08log replication\uff09<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u5b89\u5168\uff08safety\uff09<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u5316\uff08membership changes\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u81f4\u5e76\u4e14\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 Raft \u9650\u5236\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u90fd\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5316\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4e86 Raft \u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5-raft- \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\">5. Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>Raft \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8868 -2 \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u53c2\u8003\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8868 -3 \u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u5728\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6301\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff1a\uff08\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 RPC \u4e4b\u524d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>currentTerm<\/td>\n<td>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u540e\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff08\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u9012\u589e\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>votedFor<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u6536\u5230\u9009\u7968\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba id\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u4e3a null\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>log[]<\/td>\n<td>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5305\u542b\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u8981\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5904\u6536\u5230\u65f6\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>\u5728\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/em>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>commitIndex<\/td>\n<td>\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff08\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u9012\u589e\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lastApplied<\/td>\n<td>\u88ab\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff08\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u9012\u589e\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/em>\uff1a\uff08\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u540e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u540d\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nextIndex[]<\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c +1\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>matchIndex[]<\/td>\n<td>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff08\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u9012\u589e\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><center>\u8868 -2-i<\/center><strong>\u9644\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 \uff08AppendEntries RPC\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09\uff1b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u4f5c heartbeat<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>term<\/td>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leaderId<\/td>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684 id\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>prevLogIndex<\/td>\n<td>\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>prevLogTerm<\/td>\n<td>\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>entries[]<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u8868\u793a heartbeat \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u53d1\u9001\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u6761\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leaderCommit<\/td>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7d22\u5f15\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>term<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>success<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5305\u542b\u80fd\u591f\u5339\u914d\u4e0a prevLogIndex \u548c prevLogTerm \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6\u4e3a\u771f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u00a0<code>term &lt; currentTerm<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de false\uff085.1 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728<code>prevLogIndex<\/code>\u5904\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u4e0e<code>prevLogTerm<\/code>\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de false\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u65b0\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08index \u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u662f\u4efb\u671f\u53f7 term \u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5b83\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u76ee<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>leaderCommit &gt; commitIndex<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06<code>commitIndex<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a<code>leaderCommit<\/code>\u548c\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><center>\u8868 -2-ii<\/center><strong>\u6295\u7968\u8bf7\u6c42 RPC\uff08RequestVote RPC\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u6536\u96c6\u9009\u7968\uff085.2 \u8282\uff09<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>term<\/td>\n<td>\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>candidateId<\/td>\n<td>\u8bf7\u6c42\u6295\u7968\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba id<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lastLogIndex<\/td>\n<td>\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lastLogTerm<\/td>\n<td>\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6700\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>term<\/td>\n<td>\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>voteGranted<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6536\u5230\u9009\u7968\u4e3a true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>term &lt; currentTerm<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de false\uff085.1 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>votedFor<\/code>\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u8005\u4e0e<code>candidateId<\/code>\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u6837\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u7ed9\u8be5\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6295\u7968\uff085.2 \u8282 \u548c 5.4 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><center>\u8868 -2-iii<\/center><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>commitIndex &gt; lastApplied<\/code>\uff0c<code>lastApplied<\/code>\u81ea\u589e\uff0c\u5c06<code>log[lastApplied]<\/code>\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c RPC \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u8005\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a term T \u5927\u4e8e\u00a0<code>currentTerm<\/code>\uff0c\u5219<code>currentTerm<\/code>\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a T\uff0c\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff08Follower\uff09\uff085.1 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff08followers\uff09: 5.2 \u8282<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u81ea\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684 RPC<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7\u9009\u53d6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5f53\u524d\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684<code>AppendEntries RPC<\/code>\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u6295\u7968\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5219\u81ea\u5df1\u8f6c\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff1a5.2 \u8282<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u4e4b\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u4e3e\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>currentTerm<\/code>\u81ea\u589e<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u7968<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u7f6e\u9009\u4e3e\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001<code>RequestVote RPC<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6295\u7968\uff1a\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684<code>AppendEntries RPC\uff08heartbeat\uff09<\/code>\uff1a\u8f6c\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u9009\u4e3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff1a<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff1a\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7a7a\u7684<code>AppendEntries RPC\uff08heartbeat\uff09<\/code>; \u5728\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u9001\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\uff085.2 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u5411\u672c\u5730\u65e5\u5fd7\u589e\u52a0\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u540e\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7d22\u5f15\u5927\u4e8e\u5c06\u8981\u6536\u5230\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7d22\u5f15\uff08nextIndex\uff09\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>AppendEntries RPC<\/code>\u5c06 nextIndex \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u00a0<code>nextIndex<\/code>\u548c<code>matchIndex<\/code>\u66f4\u65b0<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u5bfc\u81f4<code>AppendEntries RPC<\/code>\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<code>nextIndex<\/code>\u9012\u51cf\u5e76\u4e14\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u8db3<code>N &gt; commitIndex<\/code>\u548c<code>matchIndex[i] &gt;= N<\/code>\u5e76\u4e14<code>log[N].term == currentTerm<\/code>\u7684 N\uff0c\u5219\u5c06<code>commitIndex<\/code>\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a N<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center>\u8868 -2-iv<\/center><center>\u8868 -2\uff1aRaft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u5316 membership changes \u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u538b\u7f29 log compaction\uff09<\/center><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6027\u8d28<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9009\u4e3e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08Election Safety\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\uff08term\uff09\u5185\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u88ab\u9009\u4e0a\uff085.2 \u8282\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u539f\u5219\uff08Leader Append-Only\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6216\u8005\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6761\u76ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff08Log Matching\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08Leader Completeness)<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08State Machine Safety\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff085.4.3 \u8282\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><center>\u8868 -3\uff1aRaft \u7b97\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u6210\u7acb<\/center>Raft \u901a\u8fc7\u9996\u5148\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u4e88\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08replicated log\uff09\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u9886\u5e26\u4eba\u8fd8\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u51fa\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u653e\u5230\u54ea\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u6210\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6d41\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b95\u673a\u6216\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5931\u53bb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u51fa\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0cRaft \u5c06\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u53d6\uff08Leader election\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b95\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff085.2 \u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\uff08Log replication\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u65e5\u5fd7\u7136\u540e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08Safety\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0Raft \u7684\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u662f \u8868 -3 \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08State Machine Safety\uff09: \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u30025.4 \u8282\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86 Raft \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u6761\u539f\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\u673a\u5236\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u5728 5.2 \u8282 \u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08availability\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65f6\u5e8f\uff08timing\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"51-raft- \u57fa\u7840\">5.1 Raft \u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a Raft \u96c6\u7fa4\u5305\u62ec\u82e5\u5e72\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 5 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u7fa4\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u5fcd 2 \u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a<em>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<\/em>\u3001<em>\u5019\u9009\u4eba<\/em>\u3001<em>\u8ffd\u968f\u8005<\/em>\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u4f55\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u81ea\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4f1a\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u662f\u7528\u6765\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u5728 5.2 \u8282 \u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u56fe -4 \u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u8fb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/07\/94\/0758bfb601f9f39ee3f18bc170f55b94.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -4\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u53ea\u54cd\u5e94\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u6536\u5230\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6295\u7968\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u5b95\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d4\/59\/d4b906bd24fc2e85925f132122573f59.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -5\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff08term\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u5728\u6210\u529f\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u7ba1\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u4e3e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8be5\u4efb\u671f\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u5e26\u4eba\u800c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002<\/center>\u5982 \u56fe -5 \u6240\u793a\uff0cRaft \u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u4e0d\u540c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff08term\uff09\u3002\u4efb\u671f\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\uff08election\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf 5.2 \u8282 \u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u7968\u4f1a\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u51fa\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7acb\u523b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u3002Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u6700\u5c11\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u591a\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u4efb\u671f\u5728 Raft \u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4f1a\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u662f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u6b64\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u4e2d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff08RPC\uff09\u6765\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ec5\u9700\u8981 2 \u79cd RPC\u3002RequestVote RPC \u662f\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\uff085.2 \u8282\uff09\uff0cAppendEntries RPC \u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u8df3\uff08heartbeat\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff085.3 \u8282\uff09\u3002\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd RPC \u6765\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u5feb\u7167\uff08snapshot\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u6536\u5230 RPC \u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u53d1\u51fa RPC \u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"52- \u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u53d6\">5.2 \u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u53d6<\/h3>\n<p>Raft \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u8df3\u673a\u5236\uff08heartbeat\uff09\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u592a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u6709\u6548 RPC\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u5411\u6240\u6709\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\uff08heartbeat\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684 AppendEntries RPC\uff09\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u5fc3\u8df3\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\uff08election timeout\uff09, \u7136\u540e\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u6765\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4f1a\u81ea\u589e\u5b83\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u5e76\u4e14\u8f6c\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u7968\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001 RequestVote RPC\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e00\u53d1\u751f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b83\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6295\u7968\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5148\u5230\u5148\u670d\u52a1\u539f\u5219\uff08first-come-first-served\uff09\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728 5.4 \u8282 \u9488\u5bf9\u6295\u7968\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u539f\u5219\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u6700\u591a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u80fd\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\uff08\u8868 -3 \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u4f1a\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7b49\u5f85\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u5176\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684 AppendEntries RPC\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff08\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5b83\u7684 RPC \u4e2d\uff09\u6bd4\u5f53\u524d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u8981\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8f6c\u6362\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a RPC \u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u5219\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u6b64\u6b21 RPC\uff0c \u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u6389\u9009\u4e3e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8bb8\u591a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u9009\u7968\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u9009\u7968\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u589e\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u548c\u53d1\u8d77\u53e6\u4e00\u8f6e RequestVote RPC \u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5206\u914d\u9009\u7968\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u9009\u7968\u5c31\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u968f\u673a\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c150~300ms\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u7387\u5148\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d85\u65f6\u4e4b\u524d\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u5e76\u4e14\u5411\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u7968\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u8fd9\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c0f\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u7968\u5c31\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30029.3 \u8282 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66ff\u4ee3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u5212\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u5b83\u6392\u540d\u9ad8\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u56de\u5230\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6392\u540d\u9ad8\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u6392\u540d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u9ad8\u6392\u540d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b95\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u7684\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u91cd\u7f6e\u9009\u4e3e\u9886\u5e26\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u505a\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"53- \u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\">5.3 \u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u6761\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff08replicated state machine\uff09\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u628a\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77 AppendEntries RPC \uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u590d\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff08\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\u6216\u8005\u8fd0\u884c\u7f13\u6162\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e22\u5305\u4e86\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5 AppendEntries RPC\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5b83\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u540e\uff09\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f8\/17\/f8c0dbf1686e6aff7052a9c399141a17.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -6\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7531\u6709\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5305\u542b\u5b83\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u3002<\/center>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c31\u50cf \u56fe -6 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\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08commited\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u53ef\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe -6 \u4e2d\u7684 7 \u53f7\u6761\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\uff08commited\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u30025.4 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\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u6761\u6761\u76ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u81f3\u672c\u5730\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff08\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u5fd7\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86 Raft \u65e5\u5fd7\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u66f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002Raft \u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86 \u8868 -3 \u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff08Log Matching Property\uff09:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7279\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u91cc\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6700\u591a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u7279\u6027\u6e90\u4e8e AppendEntries \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a AppendEntries RPC \u65f6\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u628a\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u7eb3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7a7a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u6dfb\u52a0\u65f6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981 AppendEntries \u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/cf\/0b\/cff0e4e90e60eb320c59218f3ae6c60b.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -7\uff1a\u5f53\u6700\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u638c\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\uff08a~f\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff1b\u683c\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u76ee\uff08a, b\uff09\uff1b\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff08c, d\uff09\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u6709\uff08e, f\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u573a\u666f f \u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4efb\u671f 2 \u65f6\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5e76\u4e14\u5f80\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5b95\u673a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5b83\u5f88\u5feb\u91cd\u542f\u4e86\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4efb\u671f 3 \u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u5f80\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4efb\u671f 2 \u548c\u4efb\u671f 3 \u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u5b83\u53c8\u5b95\u673a\u4e86\u5e76\u4e14\u51e0\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u90fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u5b95\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/center>\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 AppendEntries \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u65e7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236\u5b8c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u56fe -7 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\u8282\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u5f53\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f97\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u540c\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5220\u9664\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728 AppendEntries RPC \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<code>nextIndex<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8be5\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u638c\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06<code>nextIndex<\/code>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7d22\u5f15\u6570 +1\uff08\u56fe -7 \u4e2d\u7684 11\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0cAppendEntries \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21 AppendEntries RPC \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u5c06<code>nextIndex<\/code>\u9012\u51cf\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5 AppendEntries RPC\u3002\u6700\u7ec8<code>nextIndex<\/code>\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0cAppendEntries \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4e2d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u4e0a\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4e00\u65e6 AppendEntries \u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c31\u4e00\u81f4\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5230\u8be5\u4efb\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u6765\u51cf\u5c11 AppendEntries RPC \u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a AppendEntries \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u51b2\u7a81\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u50a8\u90a3\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u9012\u51cf<code>nextIndex<\/code>\u8de8\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6761\u76ee\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21 AppendEntries RPC\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81\u6761\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21 AppendEntries RPC\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a AppendEntries \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u5f88\u5c11\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u638c\u6743\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u53e6\u5916\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6062\u590d\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u54cd\u5e94 AppendEntries \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u5fd7\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6216\u8005\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u8868 -3 \u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u673a\u5236\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u4e2d\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7279\u6027\uff1aRaft \u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u8f6e RPC \u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u6162\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"54- \u5b89\u5168\u6027\">5.4 \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86 Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u53d6\u548c\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5b95\u673a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5b83\u53c8\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7136\u540e\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u4e86\u65e7\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u9886\u5e26\u4eba\u9009\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u6765\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86 Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u8868 -3 \u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e14\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6b63\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"541- \u9009\u4e3e\u9650\u5236\">5.4.1 \u9009\u4e3e\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4ee5\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5168\u90e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/people.csail.mit.edu\/cowling\/vr\/vr-revisited.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u00a0Viewstamped Replication\u00a0<\/a>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5168\u90e8\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed9\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002Raft \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0a\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u76ee\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u5411\uff1a\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6d41\u5411\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u7968\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5168\u90e8\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u6700\u5c11\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u81f3\u5c11\u548c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u6837\u65b0\uff08up-to-date\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u8fb9\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002RequestVote RPC \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a RPC\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6bd4\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8981\u65b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u6295\u7968\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u5927\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"542- \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\">5.4.2 \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d7\/84\/d73cf61ce742ac0cb736cfad24665a84.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -8\uff1a\u5982\u56fe\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5224\u65ad\u5b83\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u4e2d\u7684 S1 \u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5e76\u4e14\u90e8\u5206\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15 2 \u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u4e2d S1 \u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff1bS5 \u901a\u8fc7 S3\uff0cS4 \u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u7968\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 2 \u4e0a\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\uff08c\uff09\u4e2d S5 \u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0cS1 \u91cd\u542f\u4e86\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 S2\uff0cS3 \u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u7968\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ee7\u7eed\u7d22\u5f15 2 \u5904\u7684\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4efb\u671f 2 \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\uff08d\uff09\u65f6\u523b S1 \u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0cS5 \u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 S2\uff0cS3\uff0cS4 \u7684\u9009\u7968\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4efb\u671f 3 \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cS1 \u5728\u5b83\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\uff08e\uff09\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6761\u6761\u76ee\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08S5 \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/center>\u6b63\u5982 5.3 \u8282 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u88ab\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u6570\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bd5\u7740\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u590d\u5236\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u65ad\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u3002\u56fe -8 \u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u65b0\u4e0a\u4efb\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664 \u56fe -8 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cRaft \u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u6765\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u4eba\u6c14\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u76ee\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff08Log Matching Property\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Raft \u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 Raft \u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8981\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65b0\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u3002Raft \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5224\u65ad\u65e5\u5fd7\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u7a0b\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cRaft \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u4e4b\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"543- \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\">5.4.3 \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a7\/3c\/a7b8fcd715efadfd084de4458fbc3b3c.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -9\uff1a\u5982\u679c S1\uff08\u4efb\u671f T \u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff09\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 S5 \u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u671f U \u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u5c11\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08S3\uff09\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u8fd9\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u7ed9 S5 \u6295\u7968\u3002<\/center>\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08Leader Completeness)\uff08\u8fd9\u57fa\u4e8e 9.2 \u8282 \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u4efb\u671f T \u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba leader<sub>T<\/sub>\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u5927\u4e8e T \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4efb\u671f U \u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff08leader<sub>U<\/sub>\uff09 \u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u9009\u4e3e\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u6761\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u6216\u8005\u8986\u76d6\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>leader<sub>T<\/sub>\u00a0\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u6295\u7968\u8005\uff09\u5373\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u6765\u81ea leader<sub>T<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf \u56fe -9 \u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6295\u7968\u8005\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6295\u7968\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7ed9 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u6295\u7968\u4e4b\u524d\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea leader<sub>T<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u6765\u81ea leader<sub>T<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684 AppendEntries \u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u5b83\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u671f\u4f1a\u6bd4 T \u8981\u5927\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6295\u7968\u8005\u4f1a\u5728\u5b83\u7ed9 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u6295\u7968\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u90a3\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u4fdd\u6709\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4e5f\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6295\u7968\u8005\u7ed9 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u6295\u7968\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u6295\u7968\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6295\u7968\u8005\u548c leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u5b9a\u548c\u6295\u7968\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5305\u542b\u5168\u90e8\u6295\u7968\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\u6295\u7968\u8005\u548c leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u6761\u76ee\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u6295\u7968\u8005\u7684\u5927\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6bd4 T \u8981\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6295\u7968\u8005\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u6700\u5c0f\u4e5f\u8981\u662f T\uff08\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u671f T \u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u521b\u5efa leader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff08Log Matching\uff09\uff0cleader<sub>U<\/sub>\u00a0\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u6761\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u4efb\u671f T \u5927\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4efb\u671f T \u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff08Log Matching\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u88ab\u95f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf \u56fe -8 \u4e2d\uff08d\uff09\u65f6\u523b\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 \u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08Leader Completeness)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e \u8868 -3 \u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08State Machine Safety\uff09\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08State Machine Safety\uff09\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5230\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8003\u8651\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4efb\u671f\uff1b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b8c\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff08Log Completeness Property\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u91cc\u5e94\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e5f\u4f1a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0cRaft \u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u987a\u5e8f\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5e94\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e8f\u5217\u96c6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"55- \u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u548c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\">5.5 \u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u548c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83<\/h3>\n<p>\u622a\u6b62\u5230\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u548c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u8d77\u6765\u8981\u6bd4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6216\u8005\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684 RequestVote RPC \u548c AppendEntries RPC \u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002Raft \u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u4e86\uff0cRPC \u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u6536\u5230\u4e86 RPC \u4e4b\u540e\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u524d\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u91cd\u542f\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a RPC\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a Raft \u4e2d\u7684 RPC \u90fd\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684 AppendEntries \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"56- \u65f6\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\">5.6 \u65f6\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e Raft \u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u65f6\u5e8f\uff08timing\uff09\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6bd4\u9884\u60f3\u7684\u5feb\u4e00\u4e9b\u6216\u6162\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u65f6\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u592a\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0cRaft \u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u53d6\u662f Raft \u4e2d\u5bf9\u65f6\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002Raft \u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0b\u5217\u65f6\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\uff08timing requirement\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><center>broadcastTime &lt;&lt; electionTimeout &lt;&lt; MTBF<\/center>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c<code>broadcastTime<\/code>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5411\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001 RPC \u5e76\u4e14\u6536\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b<code>electionTimeout<\/code>\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728 5.2 \u8282 \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b<code>MTBF<\/code>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u3002<code>broadcastTime<\/code>\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4<code>electionTimeout<\/code>\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u4fe1\u606f\uff08heartbeat\uff09\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u4e3e\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u74dc\u5206\u9009\u7968\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<code>electionTimeout<\/code>\u4e5f\u8981\u6bd4<code>MTBF<\/code>\u5c0f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u7ea6\u4f1a\u5728<code>electionTimeout<\/code>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4ec5\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>broadcastTime<\/code>\u548c<code>MTBF<\/code>\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<code>electionTimeout<\/code>\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002Raft \u7684 RPC \u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e7f\u64ad\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u7ea6\u662f 0.5 \u6beb\u79d2\u5230 20 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<code>electionTimeout<\/code>\u4e00\u822c\u5728 10ms \u5230 500ms \u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684<code>MTBF<\/code>\u90fd\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6- \u96c6\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u5316\">6. \u96c6\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u5316<\/h2>\n<p>\u622a\u6b62\u5230\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u66f4\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u6389\u90a3\u4e9b\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u6539\u590d\u5236\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u95ed\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u5347\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u542f\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u56de\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u66f4\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9700\u8981\u624b\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u914d\u7f6e\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4e86 Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u914d\u7f6e\u4fee\u6539\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u88ab\u540c\u65f6\u9009\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u4ece\u65e7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76f4\u63a5\u5347\u7ea7\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96c6\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ec4\uff08\u5982 \u56fe -10 \u6240\u793a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/4c\/8a\/4ca9603f828210f2a8d56315cdcf788a.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -10\uff1a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u4e09\u53f0\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e94\u53f0\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65e7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\uff08C<sub>old<\/sub>\uff09\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff08C<sub>new<\/sub>\uff09\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/center>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\uff08two-phase\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5148\u628a\u65e7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u542f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728 Raft \u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u5148\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\uff08joint consensus\uff09\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u518d\u5207\u6362\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\u662f\u65e7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u65b0\u3001\u8001\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65b0\u3001\u8001\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u652f\u6301\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u9488\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\u5141\u8bb8\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u96c6\u7fa4\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u54cd\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/ed\/ca\/ed3b92e35e4e553784d3fcffd3cd3dca.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -11\uff1a\u96c6\u7fa4\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u3002\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u914d\u7f6e\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5b83\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u65e7\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u521b\u5efa C<sub>new<\/sub>\u914d\u7f6e\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5b83\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 C<sub>old<\/sub>\u548c C<sub>new<\/sub>\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u522b\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002<\/center>\u96c6\u7fa4\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b\u56fe -11 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u914d\u7f6e C<sub>old<\/sub>\u00a0\u4e3a C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u548c\u526f\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u914d\u7f6e\u5b58\u50a8\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684 C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u672a\u6765\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u603b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u00a0\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 C<sub>old<\/sub>\u00a0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u00a0\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d62\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e86 C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u00a0\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6 C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u00a0\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65e0\u8bba\u662f C<sub>old<\/sub>\u00a0\u8fd8\u662f C<sub>new<\/sub>\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eba\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff08Leader Completeness Property\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u53ea\u6709\u62e5\u6709 C<sub>old,new<\/sub>\u00a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6761\u5173\u4e8e C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u96c6\u7fa4\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5728 C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u3002\u5982 \u56fe -11\uff0cC<sub>old<\/sub>\u00a0\u548c C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u51fa\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u8fd9\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u8ffd\u8d76\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cRaft \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u7968\u6743\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6765\uff08\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ffd\u8d76\u4e0a\u4e86\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86 C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u540e\u9000\u4f4d\uff08\u56de\u5230\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u5b83\u590d\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u628a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53 C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u65f6\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff08\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5728 C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u9009\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece C<sub>old<\/sub>\u00a0\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u4e0d\u5728 C<sub>new<\/sub>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6270\u4e71\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5fc3\u8df3\uff08heartbeat\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u7684 RequestVote RPC\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u56de\u9000\u6210\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u9009\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4f53\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u524d\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565 RequestVote RPC\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u5c0f\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a RequestVote RPC\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u6295\u51fa\u9009\u7968\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6270\u4e71\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u7ed9\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u5e9f\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"7- \u65e5\u5fd7\u538b\u7f29\">7. \u65e5\u5fd7\u538b\u7f29<\/h2>\n<p>Raft \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5360\u636e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e14\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5e9f\u5f03\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5feb\u7167\uff08snapshot\uff09\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u65e5\u5fd7\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5728 Chubby \u548c ZooKeeper \u4e2d\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5feb\u7167\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd Raft \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u589e\u91cf\u538b\u7f29\uff08incremental approaches\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u6e05\u7406\uff08log cleaning\uff09\u6216\u8005\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ed3\u6784\u5408\u5e76\u6811\uff08log-structured merge trees\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u538b\u529b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u5199\u90a3\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u8fd8\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u90a3\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u64cd\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5feb\u7167\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 LSM tree \uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e5\u5fd7\u6e05\u9664\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539 Raft \u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a0\/03\/a054763c5a06c86ced30f8db0a414b03.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -12\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u4ece 1 \u5230 5 \u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u3002<\/center>\u56fe -12 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Raft \u4e2d\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u3002Raft \u4e5f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u5230\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\uff1a\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff08last included index\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u5feb\u7167\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6700\u540e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff08last included term\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u7167\u524d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u96c6\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u66f4\u65b0\uff08\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u914d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6700\u540e\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5feb\u7167\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u901a\u5e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u5feb\u7167\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u843d\u540e\u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e22\u5f03\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0\uff09\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u628a\u5feb\u7167\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>* \u5b89\u88c5\u5feb\u7167 RPC\uff08InstallSnapshot RPC\uff09*<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53d1\u9001\u5feb\u7167\u7ed9\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u53c2\u6570<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>term<\/td>\n<td>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u671f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leaderId<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u80fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lastIncludedIndex<\/td>\n<td>\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lastIncludedTerm<\/td>\n<td>\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>offset<\/td>\n<td>\u5206\u5757\u5728\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>data[]<\/td>\n<td>\u5feb\u7167\u5757\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>done<\/td>\n<td>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5757\u6570\u636e\u5219\u4e3a\u771f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\n<td>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>term<\/td>\n<td>currentTerm\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>term &lt; currentTerm<\/code>\u7acb\u523b\u56de\u590d<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5757\uff08offset \u4e3a 0\uff09\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5feb\u7167<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u00a0<code>done<\/code>\u4e3a false\uff0c\u5219\u56de\u590d\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u5feb\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u5c0f\u7d22\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5feb\u7167<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4efb\u671f\u53f7\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u7559\u5e76\u4e14\u56de\u590d<\/li>\n<li>\u4e22\u5f03\u5168\u90e8\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n<li>\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u5feb\u7167\u6765\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff08\u5e76\u4e14\u88c5\u8f7d\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u914d\u7f6e\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><center>\u8868 -13\uff1aInstallSnapshot RPC \u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u5206\u5757\u7684\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5757\u90fd\u7ed9\u4e86\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7f6e\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u3002<\/center>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u5b89\u88c5\u5feb\u7167\uff08InstallSnapshot\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u7684 RPC \u6765\u53d1\u9001\u5feb\u7167\u7ed9\u592a\u843d\u540e\u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\uff1b\u89c1 \u8868 -13\u3002\u5f53\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd RPC \u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5feb\u7167\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5feb\u7167\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f1a\u88ab\u5feb\u7167\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u524d\u9762\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u4f20\u6216\u8005\u9519\u8bef\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u88ab\u5feb\u7167\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5feb\u7167\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u548c\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86 Raft \u7684\u5f3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u539f\u5219\uff08strong leader principle\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u79bb\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f20\u7ed9\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u5feb\u7167\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u5e76\u4e14\u5ef6\u7f13\u4e86\u5feb\u7167\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5feb\u7167\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u6bd4\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u6536\u522b\u4eba\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5feb\u7167\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u9891\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u8017\u5c3d\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ece\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u5927\u5c0f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6b21\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5927\u4e8e\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u7167\u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5199\u5165\u5feb\u7167\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\uff08copy-on-write\uff09\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u6536\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5929\u7136\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236\u6280\u672f\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff08\u5982 Linux \u4e0a\u7684 fork\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5feb\u7167\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"8- \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\">8. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u548c Raft \u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u548c Raft \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u8bed\u4e49\uff08linearizable semantics\uff09\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 Raft \u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e5f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u968f\u673a\u6311\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6311\u9009\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90a3\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u6700\u8fd1\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u9644\u52a0\u6761\u76ee\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d85\u65f6\uff1b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u8bd5\u968f\u673a\u6311\u9009\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec Raft \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u8bed\u4e49\uff08linearizable semantics\uff09\uff08\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8bf4\uff0cRaft \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u8fd9\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u524d\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u91cd\u8bd5\u8fd9\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u88ab\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8bfb\uff08read-only\uff09\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5192\u7740\u8fd4\u56de\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e (stale data) \u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f5c\u5e9f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7684\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e\uff0cRaft \u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u539f\u5219\uff08Leader Completeness Property\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u4efb\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u91cc\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002Raft \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53bb\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u5904\u7406\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u671f\u4e86\uff09\u3002Raft \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\u4e00\u6b21\u5fc3\u8df3\uff08heartbeat\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5fc3\u8df3\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u79df\u7ea6\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u65f6\u5e8f\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u5b83\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\u95f4\u8bef\u5dee\u662f\u6709\u754c\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"9- \u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\">9. \u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a RAMCloud \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e2e\u52a9 RAMCloud \u534f\u8c03\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a Raft \u5b9e\u73b0\u5305\u542b\u5927\u7ea6 2000 \u884c C++ \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u7ea6 25 \u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8349\u7a3f\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u90e8\u7f72\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e Raft \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30 Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"91- \u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\">9.1 \u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83 Paxos \u548c Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u62cd\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9 Raft \u548c Paxos \u7684\u89c6\u9891\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002Raft \u7684\u89c6\u9891\u8bb2\u8bfe\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u9664\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u538b\u7f29\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff1bPaxos \u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u590d\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u51b3\u7b56 Paxos\uff0c\u591a\u51b3\u7b56 Paxos\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\uff09\u3002\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u770b\u5b8c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5148\u8fdb\u884c Paxos \u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u5148\u8fdb\u884c Raft \u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u8005\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u5b66\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u53c2\u52a0\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u6765\u770b\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5bf9 Raft \u7684\u7406\u89e3\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u56e0\u7d20<\/th>\n<th>\u6d88\u9664\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u624b\u6bb5<\/th>\n<th>\u590d\u4e60\u6750\u6599<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002Paxos \u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u51e0\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u3002Paxos \u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u8981\u957f 14%<\/td>\n<td>\u89c6\u9891<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96be\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u96be\u5ea6\u7ed9\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0<\/td>\n<td>\u6d4b\u9a8c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u6253\u5206<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7ea2\u5b57\u6807\u9898\u3002\u968f\u673a\u987a\u5e8f\u6253\u5206\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4ea4\u66ff\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea2\u5b57\u6807\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><center>\u8868 -1\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u590d\u4e60\u6750\u6599<\/center>\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u5f97 Paxos \u548c Raft \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u66f4\u52a0\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u504f\u7231 Paxos \u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a43 \u4e2a\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u4e2d\u6709 15 \u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b Paxos \u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 Paxos \u7684\u89c6\u9891\u8981\u957f 14%\u3002\u5982\u8868 -1 \u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u51cf\u8f7b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u53ef\u4f9b\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/cb\/8e\/cb9316d142ba258afe9c4612287de08e.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -14\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4e86 43 \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u5728 Paxos \u548c Raft \u7684\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u5728 Raft \u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u5206\u6570\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/center>\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u5e73\u5747\u5728 Raft \u7684\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6bd4 Paxos \u9ad8 4.9 \u5206\uff08\u603b\u5206 60\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 Raft \u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5f97\u5206\u662f 25.7\uff0c\u800c Paxos \u662f 20.8\uff09\uff1b\u56fe -14 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5f97\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u5bf9 t &#8211; \u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u62e5\u6709 95% \u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 Raft \u5206\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u81f3\u5c11\u6bd4 Paxos \u9ad8 2.5 \u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6d4b\u9a8c\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9 Paxos \u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f 12.5 \u5206\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u5bf9 Raft \u7684\u597d\u611f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u8457\u7684\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 4.9 \u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e Paxos \u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9 Paxos\uff0c\u5bf9 Raft \u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u592a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u884c Paxos \u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0cRaft \u7684\u5c0f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u5f97\u5206\u4f1a\u6bd4 Paxos \u4f4e 6.3 \u5206\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a2\/0b\/a267124e60849ea77c1f0b313f29e00b.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -15\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a 5 \u5206\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff08\u5de6\u8fb9\uff09\u88ab\u95ee\u54ea\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u88ab\u95ee\u54ea\u4e2a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/center>\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5728\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e4b\u540e\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54ea\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u56fe -15 \u4e0a\u3002\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e Raft \u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0841 \u4eba\u4e2d\u7684 33 \u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u5df1\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5982\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Raft \u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e Raft \u7528\u6237\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1<a href=\"http:\/\/ramcloud.stanford.edu\/~ongaro\/thesis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u00a0http:\/\/ramcloud.stanford.edu\/ \u0303ongaro\/thesis.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"92- \u6b63\u786e\u6027\">9.2 \u6b63\u786e\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/ramcloud.stanford.edu\/~ongaro\/thesis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf4\u660e<\/a>\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Specifying-Systems-Language-Hardware-Engineers\/dp\/032114306X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">TLA+\u00a0<\/a>\u8ba9 \u8868 -2 \u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u5b83\u5927\u7ea6\u6709 400 \u884c\u5e76\u4e14\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u901a\u8fc7 TLA \u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b8c\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff08Log Completeness Property\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u524d\u63d0\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u673a\u68b0\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168 type safety\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"http:\/\/ramcloud.stanford.edu\/~ongaro\/thesis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8bc1\u660e<\/a>\u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6e05\u6670\u7684\uff08\u5927\u7ea6 3500 \u4e2a\u8bcd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"93- \u6027\u80fd\">9.3 \u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n<p>Raft \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f8b\u5982 Paxos \u6709\u7740\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u590d\u5236\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u3002Raft \u901a\u8fc7\u5f88\u5c11\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5305\uff08\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff09\u5c31\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347 Raft \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5230 Raft \u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5230\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Raft \u5b9e\u73b0\u6765\u8861\u91cf Raft \u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5e76\u4e14\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6536\u655b\u662f\u5426\u5feb\u901f\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b95\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u4e45\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/2e\/5f\/2e9b9fdd782ce027b15837276899745f.jpg\" alt=\"Raft \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bba\u6587\u8bd1\u6587\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center>\u56fe -16\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86 1000 \u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u9664\u4e86 150-150 \u6beb\u79d2\u53ea\u8bd5\u4e86 100 \u6b21\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c150-155 \u6beb\u79d2\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u5e7f\u64ad\u65f6\u5ef6\u5927\u7ea6\u662f 15 \u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e 9 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/center>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b95\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e45\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b95\u673a\u5e76\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff08\u89c1\u56fe -16\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u574f\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cc\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u6210\u9009\u7968\u74dc\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u5728\u7ec8\u6b62\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u524d\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5fc3\u8df3\u5e7f\u64ad\uff08\u8fd9\u5927\u7ea6\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u5d29\u6e83\u524d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5668\u5f88\u50cf\uff09\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5747\u5300\u7684\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5728\u5fc3\u8df3\u95f4\u9694\u91cc\u5b95\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u7ea6\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe -16 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u907f\u514d\u9009\u7968\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cc\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u4e8e\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9009\u7968\u74dc\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u8d85\u8fc7 10 \u79d2\u949f\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u589e\u52a0 5 \u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u7684\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709 287 \u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u6539\u5584\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0 50 \u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6700\u574f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u60c5\u51b5\uff081000 \u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff09\u53ea\u8981 513 \u6beb\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe -16 \u4e2d\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a 12-24 \u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u5747 35 \u6beb\u79d2\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u4e3e\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff08\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86 152 \u6beb\u79d2\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cd Raft \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u5fc3\u8df3\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 150-300 \u6beb\u79d2\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f9d\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"10- \u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\">10. \u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<p>\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lamport \u5173\u4e8e Paxos \u7684\u539f\u59cb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u548c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u4e8e Paxos \u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8865\u5145\u9057\u6f0f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Chubby\uff0cZooKeeper \u548c Spanner\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Chubby \u548c Spanner \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u5176\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u58f0\u79f0\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Paxos \u7684\u3002ZooKeeper \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ec6\u8282\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u548c Paxos \u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Paxos \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Oki \u548c Liskov \u7684 Viewstamped Replication\uff08VR\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u548c Paxos \u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u8026\u5408\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u91cc\u88ab\u5206\u79bb\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002VR \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c Raft \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Raft \u548c Paxos \u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e Raft \u7684\u5f3a\u9886\u5bfc\u7279\u6027\uff1aRaft \u4f7f\u7528\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u91cc\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 Paxos \u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684\uff1a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff1aPaxos \u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u9488\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0cRaft \u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50cf Raft \u4e00\u6837\uff0cVR \u548c ZooKeeper \u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b Raft \u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cRaft \u6bd4 VR \u548c ZooKeeper \u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u673a\u5236\u56e0\u4e3a Raft \u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u975e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cRaft \u4e2d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u4ece\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u9644\u52a0\u6761\u76ee RPC \u662f\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u3002\u5728 VR \u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u7684\uff08\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\uff1b\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u673a\u5236\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e ZooKeeper \u516c\u5f00\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee\u4e5f\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u50cf Raft\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cRaft \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6570\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b VR \u548c ZooKeeper \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6765\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9700\u8981\u548c\u6210\u5458\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6570\uff08\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e14\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\uff09\u3002VR \u548c ZooKeeper \u90fd\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 10 \u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0cRaft \u53ea\u6709 4 \u4e2d\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4e24\u79cd RPC \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\u3002Raft \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u7a0d\u5fae\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cVR \u548c ZooKeeper \u90fd\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u5f88\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Raft \u7684\u5f3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6392\u65a5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49 Paxos \uff08EPaxos\uff09\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49 Paxos \u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u8f6e\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0b\u5c31\u63d0\u4ea4\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u4ee4\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e92\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u901a\u4fe1\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 EPaxos \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u8f6e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4ea4\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 EPaxos \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u505a\u7684\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728 WAN \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 Paxos \u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u96c6\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Lamport \u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0cVR \u548c SMART\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u540c\u4e00\u81f4\uff08joint consensus\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u6362\u3002Raft \u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528 Lamport \u7684\u57fa\u4e8e \u03b1 \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u548c VR \u548c SMART \u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0cRaft \u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0cVR \u9700\u8981\u505c\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cSMART \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c \u03b1 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u548c VR\u3001SMART \u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0cRaft \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u989d\u5916\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"11- \u603b\u7ed3\">11. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6216\u8005\u7b80\u6d01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u628a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u9664\u975e\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6709\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u63a5\u53d7\u4f46\u662f\u5341\u5206\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5 Paxos \u5df2\u7ecf\u56f0\u6270\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5 Raft\uff0c\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u6bd4 Paxos \u8981\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0cRaft \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u628a\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1 Raft \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u7b80\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u5347\u4e86 Raft \u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"12- \u9e23\u8c22\">12. \u9e23\u8c22<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u987b\u611f\u8c22\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1aAli Ghodsi\uff0cDavid Mazie res\uff0c\u548c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229 CS 294-91 \u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u65af\u5766\u798f CS 240 \u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002Scott Klemmer \u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u67e5\uff0cNelson Ray \u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u67e5\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5173\u4e8e Paxos \u7684\u5e7b\u706f\u7247\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ece Lorenzo Alvisi \u7684\u5e7b\u706f\u7247\u4e0a\u501f\u9274\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22 DavidMazieres \u548c Ezra Hoch\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86 Raft \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5341\u5206\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u67e5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Ed Bugnion\uff0cMichael Chan\uff0cHugues Evrard\uff0cDaniel Giffin\uff0cArjun Gopalan\uff0cJon Howell\uff0cVimalkumar Jeyakumar\uff0cAnkita Kejriwal\uff0cAleksandar Kracun\uff0cAmit Levy\uff0cJoel Martin\uff0cSatoshi Matsushita\uff0cOleg Pesok\uff0cDavid Ramos\uff0cRobbert van Renesse\uff0cMendel Rosenblum\uff0cNicolas Schiper\uff0cDeian Stefan\uff0cAndrew Stone\uff0cRyan Stutsman\uff0cDavid Terei\uff0cStephen Yang\uff0cMatei Zaharia \u4ee5\u53ca 24 \u4f4d\u533f\u540d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5ba1\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u91cd\u590d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7279\u522b\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba Eddie Kohler\u3002Werner Vogels \u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65e9\u671f\u8349\u7a3f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u63a8\u7279\uff0c\u7ed9 Raft \u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 Gigascale \u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c Multiscale \u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ed9\u4e88\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7531\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7531 STARnet \u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7531 MARCO \u548c DARPA \u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684 0963859 \u53f7\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6765\u81ea Facebook\uff0cGoogle\uff0cMellanox\uff0cNEC\uff0cNetApp\uff0cSAP \u548c Samsung \u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002Diego Ongaro \u7531 Junglee \u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u56e2\u4f53\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"\u5f15\u7528\">\u5f15\u7528<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>BOLOSKY, W. J., BRADSHAW, D., HAAGENS, R. B., KUSTERS, N. P., AND LI, P. Paxos replicated state machines as the basis of a high-performance data store. In Proc. NSDI\u201911, USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (2011), USENIX, pp. 141\u2013154.<\/li>\n<li>BURROWS, M. The Chubby lock service for loosely- coupled distributed systems. In Proc. OSDI\u201906, Sympo- sium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (2006), USENIX, pp. 335\u2013350.<\/li>\n<li>CAMARGOS, L. J., SCHMIDT, R. M., AND PEDONE, F. Multicoordinated Paxos. In Proc. PODC\u201907, ACM Sym- posium on Principles of Distributed Computing (2007), ACM, pp. 316\u2013317.<\/li>\n<li>CHANDRA, T. D., GRIESEMER, R., AND REDSTONE, J. Paxos made live: an engineering perspective. In Proc. PODC\u201907, ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (2007), ACM, pp. 398\u2013407.<\/li>\n<li>CHANG, F., DEAN, J., GHEMAWAT, S., HSIEH, W. C., WALLACH, D. A., BURROWS, M., CHANDRA, T., FIKES, A., AND GRUBER, R. E. Bigtable: a distributed storage system for structured data. In Proc. OSDI\u201906, USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (2006), USENIX, pp. 205\u2013218.<\/li>\n<li>CORBETT, J. C., DEAN, J., EPSTEIN, M., FIKES, A., FROST, C., FURMAN, J. J., GHEMAWAT, S., GUBAREV, A., HEISER, C., HOCHSCHILD, P., HSIEH, W., KAN- THAK, S., KOGAN, E., LI, H., LLOYD, A., MELNIK, S., MWAURA, D., NAGLE, D., QUINLAN, S., RAO, R., ROLIG, L., SAITO, Y., SZYMANIAK, M., TAYLOR, C., WANG, R., AND WOODFORD, D. Spanner: Google\u2019s globally-distributed database. In Proc. OSDI\u201912, USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implemen- tation (2012), USENIX, pp. 251\u2013264.<\/li>\n<li>COUSINEAU, D., DOLIGEZ, D., LAMPORT, L., MERZ, S., RICKETTS, D., AND VANZETTO, H. TLA+ proofs. In Proc. FM\u201912, Symposium on Formal Methods (2012), D. Giannakopoulou and D. Me \u0301ry, Eds., vol. 7436 of Lec- ture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, pp. 147\u2013154.<\/li>\n<li>GHEMAWAT, S., GOBIOFF, H., AND LEUNG, S.-T. The Google file system. In Proc. SOSP\u201903, ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (2003), ACM, pp. 29\u201343.<\/li>\n<li>GRAY,C.,ANDCHERITON,D.Leases:Anefficientfault- tolerant mechanism for distributed file cache consistency. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM Ssymposium on Operating Systems Principles (1989), pp. 202\u2013210.<\/li>\n<li>HERLIHY, M. P., AND WING, J. M. Linearizability: a correctness condition for concurrent objects. ACM Trans- actions on Programming Languages and Systems 12 (July 1990), 463\u2013492.<\/li>\n<li>HUNT, P., KONAR, M., JUNQUEIRA, F. P., AND REED, B. ZooKeeper: wait-free coordination for internet-scale systems. In Proc ATC\u201910, USENIX Annual Technical Con- ference (2010), USENIX, pp. 145\u2013158.<\/li>\n<li>JUNQUEIRA, F. P., REED, B. C., AND SERAFINI, M. Zab: High-performance broadcast for primary-backup sys- tems. In Proc. DSN\u201911, IEEE\/IFIP Int\u2019l Conf. on Depend- able Systems &amp; Networks (2011), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 245\u2013256.<\/li>\n<li>KIRSCH, J., AND AMIR, Y. Paxos for system builders. Tech. Rep. CNDS-2008-2, Johns Hopkins University, 2008.<\/li>\n<li>LAMPORT, L. Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system. Commununications of the ACM 21, 7 (July 1978), 558\u2013565.<\/li>\n<li>LAMPORT, L. The part-time parliament. ACM Transac- tions on Computer Systems 16, 2 (May 1998), 133\u2013169.<\/li>\n<li>LAMPORT, L. Paxos made simple. ACM SIGACT News 32, 4 (Dec. 2001), 18\u201325.<\/li>\n<li>LAMPORT, L. Specifying Systems, The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers. Addison- Wesley, 2002.<\/li>\n<li>LAMPORT, L. Generalized consensus and Paxos. Tech. Rep. MSR-TR-2005-33, Microsoft Research, 2005.<\/li>\n<li>LAMPORT, L. Fast paxos. 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Com- munications of the ACM 54 (July 2011), 121\u2013130.<\/li>\n<li>Raft consensus algorithm website.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/raftconsensus.github.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">http:\/\/raftconsensus.github.io\u00a0<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>REED, B. Personal communications, May 17, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>ROSENBLUM, M., AND OUSTERHOUT, J. K. The design and implementation of a log-structured file system. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 10 (February 1992), 26\u201352.<\/li>\n<li>SCHNEIDER, F. B. Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: a tutorial. ACM Com- puting Surveys 22, 4 (Dec. 1990), 299\u2013319.<\/li>\n<li>SHVACHKO, K., KUANG, H., RADIA, S., AND CHANSLER, R. The Hadoop distributed file system. In Proc. MSST\u201910, Symposium on Mass Storage Sys- tems and Technologies (2010), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1\u201310.<\/li>\n<li>VAN RENESSE, R. Paxos made moderately complex. Tech. rep., Cornell University, 2012.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u4f5c\u8005\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.luoyuanhang.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u7f57\u8fdc\u822a<\/a>\u00a0\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License\u00a0<\/a>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3001\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\uff1b\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u914d\u5408\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740 \u7f57\u8fdc\u822a \u9605\u8bfb\u6570\uff1a4458120<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[119],"class_list":["post-4288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-03-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4288"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4288\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}