{"id":4878,"date":"2020-12-15T16:12:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T08:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn\/wordpress\/?p=4878"},"modified":"2020-12-15T16:12:59","modified_gmt":"2020-12-15T08:12:59","slug":"unix-toolbox-%e4%b8%ad%e6%96%87%e7%89%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/4878","title":{"rendered":"UNIX TOOLBOX – \u4e2d\u6587\u7248"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/a><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
UNIX TOOLBOX – \u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u6536\u96c6Unix\/Linux\/BSD\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216IT\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8bfb\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Unix Toolbox \u7248\u672c\uff1a12
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u00a0http:\/\/cb.vu\/unixtoolbox.xhtml<\/a>\u00a0\u627e\u5230\u672c\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u3002PDF\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u94fe\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684.xhtml\u4e3a\u00a0.pdf<\/a>\u00a0\uff0c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u00a0.book.pdf<\/a>\u00a0\u3002 \u7528\u53cc\u9762\u6253\u5370\u673a\u53ef\u5c06\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u6253\u5370\u6210\u518c\u3002\u8fd9\u4efdXHTML\u9875\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7CSS3\u76f8\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4efd\u6f02\u4eae\u7684PDF\u6587\u6863(\u770b\u00a0\u811a\u672c\u4f8b\u5b50<\/a>).<\/span>
\n\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u662f\u6700\u6b22\u8fce\u7684 –\u00a0c@cb.vu<\/a>\u00a0Colin Barschel.
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/unixtoolboxcn\/<\/a>\u627e\u5230\u4e2d\u6587\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u3002
\n\u4e5f\u53ef\u5230\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u83b7\u53d6http:\/\/silenceisdefeat.org\/~greco\/unixtoolbox_zh_CN.xhtml<\/a>
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u8bf7\u53d1\u9001E-Mail\u5230\u00a0]]><\/p>\n

\u00a9\u00a0Colin Barschel and Greco Shi<\/a>\u00a02007-2008.\u00a0Some rights reserved under Creative Commons<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
    \n
  1. \u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u7f51\u7edc<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. SSH SCP<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u5efa\u7acb VPN<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. RSYNC<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. SUDO<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u5bc6<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u5206\u533a\u52a0\u5bc6<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. SSL\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. CVS<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. SVN<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. \u5b9e\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. \u5a92\u4f53\u8f6c\u6362<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. \u6253\u5370<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. \u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. \u78c1\u76d8\u9650\u989d<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. Shells<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. \u811a\u672c<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. \u7f16\u7a0b<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. \u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u00a0\u767d\u8272\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0\u9ed1\u8272<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n

    \u7cfb\u7edf<\/a><\/h1>\n

    \u786c\u4ef6<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0\u7528\u6237<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0\u9650\u5236<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0root \u5bc6\u7801<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5185\u6838<\/a><\/p>\n

    \u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

    # uname -a                           # \u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\uff08\u548cBSD\u7248\u672c\uff09<\/span>\r\n# lsb_release -a                     # \u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55 LSB \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# cat \/etc\/SuSE-release              # \u83b7\u53d6 SuSE \u7248\u672c<\/span>\r\n# cat \/etc\/debian_version            # \u83b7\u53d6 Debian \u7248\u672c<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528 \/etc\/DISTR<\/code>-release \u5176\u4e2dDISTR(\u53d1\u884c\u4ee3\u53f7)=<\/code>\u00a0lsb (Ubuntu), redhat, gentoo, mandrake, sun (Solaris), \u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
    # uptime                             # \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\r\n# hostname                           # \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/span>\r\n# hostname -i                        # \u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740<\/span>\r\n# man hier                           # \u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\r\n# last reboot                        # \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u540e\u91cd\u542f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n
    \u5185\u6838\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
    # dmesg                              # \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6d88\u606f<\/span>\r\n# lsdev                              # \u5173\u4e8e\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# dd if=\/dev\/mem bs=1k skip=768 count=256 2>\/dev\/null | strings -n 8 # \u8bfb\u53d6 BIOS \u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    Linux<\/h3>\n
    # cat \/proc\/cpuinfo                  # CPU \u8baf\u606f<\/span>\r\n# cat \/proc\/meminfo                  # \u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# grep MemTotal \/proc\/meminfo        # \u663e\u793a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>\r\n# watch -n1 'cat \/proc\/interrupts'   # \u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u6838\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u65ad<\/span>\r\n# free -m                            # \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7528\u548c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f (-m \u4e3a MB)<\/span>\r\n# cat \/proc\/devices                  # \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n# lspci -tv                          # \u663e\u793a PCI \u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n# lsusb -tv                          # \u663e\u793a USB \u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n# lshal                              # \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5c5e\u6027\u5217\u8868<\/span>\r\n# dmidecode                          # \u663e\u793a\u4ece BIOS \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    FreeBSD<\/h3>\n
    # sysctl hw.model                    # CPU \u8baf\u606f<\/span>\r\n# sysctl hw                          # \u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# sysctl vm                          # \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\r\n# dmesg | grep \"real mem\"            # \u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/span>\r\n# sysctl -a | grep mem               # \u5185\u6838\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# sysctl dev                         # \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n# pciconf -l -cv                     # \u663e\u793a PCI \u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n# usbdevs -v                         # \u663e\u793a USB \u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n# atacontrol list                    # \u663e\u793a ATA \u8bbe\u5907<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u627e\u51fa\u6b63\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
    # top                                # \u663e\u793a\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528 cpu \u6700\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>\r\n# mpstat 1                           # \u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# vmstat 2                           # \u663e\u793a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# iostat 2                           # \u663e\u793a I\/O \u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f(2 \u79d2 \u95f4\u9699)<\/span>\r\n# systat -vmstat 1                   # \u663e\u793a BSD \u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f(1 \u79d2 \u95f4\u9699)<\/span>\r\n# systat -tcp 1                      # \u663e\u793a BSD TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f(\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u8bd5 -ip)<\/span>\r\n# systat -netstat 1                  # \u663e\u793a BSD \u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# systat -ifstat 1                   # \u663e\u793a BSD \u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u5361\u5e26\u5bbd\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# systat -iostat 1                   # \u663e\u793a BSD CPU \u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\r\n# tail -n 500 \/var\/log\/messages      # \u663e\u793a\u6700\u65b0500\u6761\u5185\u6838\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# tail \/var\/log\/warn                 # \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f(\u770bsyslog.conf)<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u7528\u6237<\/h2>\n
    # id                                 # \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684 ID<\/span>\r\n# last                               # \u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# who                                # \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\r\n# groupadd admin                     # \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7ec4\"admin\"\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237 colin \u5e76\u52a0\u5165 admin \u7528\u6237\u7ec4(Linux\/Solaris)<\/span>\r\n# useradd -c \"Colin Barschel\" -g admin -m colin\r\n# userdel colin                      # \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237 colin(Linux\/Solaris)<\/span>\r\n# adduser joe                        # FreeBSD \u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237 joe(\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f)<\/span>\r\n# rmuser joe                         # FreeBSD \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237 joe(\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f)<\/span>\r\n# pw groupadd admin                  # \u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 pw<\/span>\r\n# pw groupmod admin -m newmember     # \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4<\/span>\r\n# pw useradd colin -c \"Colin Barschel\" -g admin -m -s \/bin\/tcsh \r\n# pw userdel colin; pw groupdel admin\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u52a0\u5bc6\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 \/etc\/shadow (Linux and Solaris) \u6216 \/etc\/master.passwd (FreeBSD) \u4e2d. \u5982\u679c\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u4e86 master.passwd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0# pwd_mkdb -p master.passwd<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u91cd\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528 nologin \u6765\u4e34\u65f6\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55(root\u9664\u5916)\u3002\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a nologin \u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
    # echo \"Sorry no login now\" > \/etc\/nologin       # (Linux)<\/span>\r\n# echo \"Sorry no login now\" > \/var\/run\/nologin   # (FreeBSD)<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u9650\u5236<\/h2>\n
    \u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u6253\u5f00\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u548c socket \u6570\u91cf(\u50cf\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93)\u3002 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u9650\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
    Linux<\/h3>\n
    \u6bcf shell\/\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n
    shell \u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u53d7\u00a0ulimit<\/code>\u00a0\u652f\u914d\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0ulimit -a<\/code>\u00a0\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u6253\u5f00\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u4ece 1024 \u5230 10240\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # ulimit -n 10240                    # \u8fd9\u53ea\u5728shell\u4e2d\u6709\u7528<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    ulimit<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u5bf9\u6b64\u811a\u672c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6bcf \u7528\u6237\/\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n
    \u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u00a0\/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # cat \/etc\/security\/limits.conf\r\n*   hard    nproc   250              # \u9650\u5236\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570<\/span>\r\nasterisk hard nofile 409600          # \u9650\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u6253\u5f00\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6570<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7<\/h4>\n
    \u7528sysctl\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5185\u6838\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u5176\u6c38\u4e45\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u00a0\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
    # sysctl -a                          # \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u9650\u5236<\/span>\r\n# sysctl fs.file-max                 # \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6570<\/span>\r\n# sysctl fs.file-max=102400          # \u66f4\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6570<\/span>\r\n# cat \/etc\/sysctl.conf\r\nfs.file-max=102400                   # \u5728 sysctl.conf \u4e2d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u9879<\/span>\r\n# cat \/proc\/sys\/fs\/file-nr           # \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u6570<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    FreeBSD<\/h3>\n
    \u6bcf shell\/\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n
    \u5728 csh \u6216 tcsh \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0limits<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728 sh \u6216 bash \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0ulimit<\/code>\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6bcf \u7528\u6237\/\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n
    \u5728\u00a0\/etc\/login.conf<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9650\u5236\u3002\u672a\u4f5c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5236\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7<\/h4>\n
    \u5185\u6838\u9650\u5236\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 sysctl \u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6c38\u4e45\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u00a0\/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0\/boot\/loader.conf<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e Linux \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u952e\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
    # sysctl -a                          # \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u9650\u5236<\/span>\r\n# sysctl kern.maxfiles=XXXX          # \u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570<\/span>\r\nkern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768           # \u5728 \/etc\/sysctl.conf \u4e2d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u9879<\/span>\r\nkern.maxfiles=65536                  # Squid \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c<\/span>\r\nkern.maxfilesperproc=32768\r\nkern.ipc.somaxconn=8192              # TCP \u5217\u961f\u3002apache\/sendmail \u6700\u597d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c<\/span>\r\n# sysctl kern.openfiles              # \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570<\/span>\r\n# sysctl kern.ipc.numopensockets     # \u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u542f\u7684 socket \u6570\u76ee<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u770b\u00a0FreeBSD \u624b\u518c 11\u7ae0<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
    Solaris<\/h3>\n
    \u5728\u00a0\/etc\/system<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u5217\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
    set rlim_fd_max = 4096               # \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\"\u786c\"\u9650\u5236<\/span>\r\nset rlim_fd_cur = 1024               # \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\"\u8f6f\"\u9650\u5236<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/h2>\n
    Linux<\/h3>\n
    \u4e00\u65e6\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u00a0init<\/code>\u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0rc<\/code>\u00a0\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u50a8\u5b58\u5728 \/etc\/rc.d\/rcN.d \u4e2d(N\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7740\u5230 \/etc\/init.d \u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u547d\u4ee4\u811a\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002
    \n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u914d\u7f6e\u5728 \/etc\/inittab \u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 3 \u6216 5\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # grep default: \/etc\/inittab                                         \r\nid:3:initdefault:\r\n<\/pre>\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0init<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
    # init 5                             # \u8fdb\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b 5<\/span><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u5217\u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n