{"id":4991,"date":"2021-01-25T17:47:52","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T09:47:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn\/wordpress\/?p=4991"},"modified":"2021-01-25T17:47:52","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T09:47:52","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3-python-%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/4991","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Python \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b(\u4e0a)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"postTitle\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/earendil\/p\/7411115.html\">\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"postBody\">\n<div id=\"cnblogs_post_body\" class=\"blogpost-body\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>\u524d\u8a00<\/h1>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u670b\u53cb\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u542c\u8bf4\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u9c9c\u6709\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u5219\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Tornado\u3001Twisted\u3001Gevent \u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u725b\u903c\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u505a Web \u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u91c7\u7528 Flask\u3001Django\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u975e\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e24\u5c4a PyCon \u6280\u672f\u5927\u4f1a\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86 Python \u751f\u6001\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002\u5982\u65b0\u5174\u7684 Go\u3001Rust\u3001Elixir \u7b49\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u5c06\u5176\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65\u548c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u201c\u5356\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u5982\u6b64\u3002Python \u751f\u6001\u4e3a\u4e0d\u843d\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u4ece2013\u5e74\u8d77\u7531 Python \u4e4b\u7236 Guido \u4eb2\u81ea\u64cd\u5200\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86Tulip(asyncio)\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Python\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60Python3\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u7684<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u5e93\u548c<strong>async\/await<\/strong>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u60c5\u4eab\u53d7 Python \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5185\u5bb9\u5b89\u6392<\/h2>\n<h3>\u4e0a\u7bc7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3 \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u963b\u585e\/\u975e\u963b\u585e\u3001\u540c\u6b65\/\u5f02\u6b65\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\/\u5e76\u884c\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3 \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u4e4b\u5904<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u719f\u6089 \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5f02\u6b65\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1<strong>epoll + Callback + Event loop<\/strong>\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 Python \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6b65\u4ece\u56de\u8c03\u5230\u751f\u6210\u5668\u518d\u5230\u539f\u751f\u534f\u7a0b\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1<strong>\u00a0asyncio<\/strong>\u00a0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e2d\u7bc7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 asyncio \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 asyncio \u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 \u534f\u7a0b\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5982\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u53d6\u6d88\u8c03\u5ea6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 \u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528(Lock\u3001Event\u3001Condition\u3001Queue)<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 asyncio \u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e0b\u7bc7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3 GIL \u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3 asyncio \u8e29\u5751\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3 \u56de\u8c03\u3001\u534f\u7a0b\u3001\u7eff\u7a0b(Green-Thread)\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u534f\u7a0b\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>\u4e86\u89e3 Gevent\/libev\u3001uvloop\/libuv \u4e0easyncio\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>\u638c\u63e1 Python\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u5bfc\u7ec6\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h1>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1.1 \u963b\u585e<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u88ab\u6302\u8d77\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e72\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u662f\u963b\u585e\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u963b\u585e\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u963b\u585e\u3001\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u963b\u585e\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u963b\u585e\u662f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCPU\u5207\u6362\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u6b63\u5e72\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u662f\u591a\u6838CPU\u5219\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>1.2 \u975e\u963b\u585e<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u88ab\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u5e72\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5e76<strong>\u4e0d\u662f<\/strong>\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ec5\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u56ca\u62ec\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u963b\u585e\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1.3 \u540c\u6b65<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u9760\u67d0\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5<strong>\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong>\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\u8d2d\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u66f4\u65b0\u5546\u54c1\u5e93\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u201c\u884c\u9501\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f3a\u5236\u6392\u961f\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c<strong>\u540c\u6b65\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>1.4 \u5f02\u6b65<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4<strong>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e0\u9700\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8c03<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u8c03\u5ea6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8c03\u5ea6\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e0e\u8be5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u4fdd\u6301\u901a\u4fe1\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u77e5\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u523b\u5e76\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c<strong>\u5f02\u6b65\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65e0\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5f02\u6b65\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u3001\u9501\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u540c\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u624d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u9700\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<h2>1.5 \u5e76\u53d1<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9e\u65f6\u6216\u8fd1\u5b9e\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>1.6 \u5e76\u884c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6307\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5bcc\u4f59\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u591a\u6838CPU\uff09\u52a0\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5e76\u53d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1.7 \u6982\u5ff5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5e76\u884c<\/strong>\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838\u52a0\u901f\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e76\u53d1<\/strong>\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c3d\u5feb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u6574\u4f53\u8fdb\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u963b\u585e<\/strong>\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6574\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f02\u6b65<\/strong>\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u975e\u963b\u585e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u624d\u6709\u963b\u585e\/\u975e\u963b\u585e\u3001\u540c\u6b65\/\u5f02\u6b65\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585e\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u603b\u662f\u5982\u5f71\u968f\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1.8 \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4ee5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u534f\u7a0b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\/\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u56de\u8c03\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7b49\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6574\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u67d0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u5b83\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u54ea\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\uff08\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\/\u5f02\u6b65\u3001\u963b\u585e\/\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5e76\u975e\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5bb9\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8d2d\u7269\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1.9 \u5f02\u6b65\u4e4b\u96be(n\u00e1n)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u4f4f\u201c\u8ba1\u51e0\u201d\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6599\uff0c<strong>\u5f53\u4e0b\u6b63\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6599<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5e76\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u548c\u8270\u96be\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u5c06\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b<strong>\u7b80\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002\u6545\u800c\u6709\u5173\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e86\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<strong>\u4e00\u65e6\u91c7\u53d6\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u8db3\u591f\u5c0f\u201d<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8017\u65f6\u592a\u4e45\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u62c6\u5206\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u6210\u4e86\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u6653\u4e0a\u6b21\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u56de\u8c03\uff08Callback\uff09<\/strong>\u6210\u4e86\u5fc5\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u90a3\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u9762\u4e34\u201c\u56de\u8c03\u5730\u72f1\u201d\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7834\u574f\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e5f\u8981\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u8d70\u5230\u9ed1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5b89\u6392\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>2 \u82e6\u5fc3\u5f02\u6b65\u4e3a\u54ea\u822c<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u96be\u70b9\uff0cPython \u4e4b\u7236\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0a\u9635\u6253\u78e84\u5e74\u624d\u4f7f asyncio \u6a21\u5757\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\u201c\u8f6c\u6b63\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u82e6\u5fc3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u4e3a\u4f55\u800c\u503c\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2.1 CPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/c4d9d606f774db64be492d4acd8c2cf1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88292 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/c4d9d606f774db64be492d4acd8c2cf1.png\" alt=\"01_cpu_time\" width=\"2044\" height=\"1530\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a 2.6GHz \u7684 CPU \u62df\u4eba\u5316\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b83\u611f\u89c9\u4e0a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u3002CPU\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6d6a\u8d39CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u90a3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u5fc5\u7136\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5343\u5146\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f932KB\u6570\u636e\uff0cCPU\u611f\u89c9\u8fc7\u4e8614\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u572810M\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u4e0a\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u4f4e\u767e\u500d\uff01\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0cCPU\u53ea\u662f\u50bb\u7b49\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39CPU\u7684\u9752\u6625\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u9c81\u8fc5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u201cCPU\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4e8e\u8c0b\u8d22\u5bb3\u547d\u3002\u800c\u51f6\u624b\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2.2 \u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u9700\u6c42\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e3b\u5bfc\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u6539\u7248\u540e\u7531\u539f\u6765\u76847\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u524a\u51cf\u81f33\u53f0\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u9aa4\u964d57%\u3002\u4e00\u53f0AWS m4.xlarge \u578b\u901a\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6309\u9700\u4ed8\u8d39\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e00\u5e74\u4ef7\u683c\u7ea6 1.2 \u4e07\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6548\u7387\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u94b1\u7684\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u610f\u6548\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u5806\u53e0\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u6a21\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6539\u8fdb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u52a0\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u4f1a\u9aa4\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u522b\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u652f\u63016000\u5355\/\u79d2\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0b\u5355\u91cf\u624d\u652f\u64912000\u5355\/\u79d2\uff0c\u5728\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u94b1\u9001\u4e0a\u95e8\u4e5f\u8d5a\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C10k\/C10M\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C10k\uff08concurrently handling 10k connections\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57281999\u5e74\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e00\u98971GHz CPU\uff0c2G\u5185\u5b58\uff0c1gbps\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba9\u5355\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a1\u4e07\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9bFTP\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u800c\u5230\u4e862010\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u786c\u4ef6\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e3aC10M\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u75288\u6838\u5fc3CPU\uff0c64G\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u572810gbps\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4fdd\u63011000\u4e07\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u5904\u7406100\u4e07\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\uff08\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u90fd\u7ea6\u4e3a1200\u7f8e\u5143\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6548\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ece\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0cC10k\/C10M\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u6311\u6218\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u6781\u9650\u3002C10k\/C10M \u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u89e3\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6548\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2.3 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<p>\u300a\u7ea6\u675f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f18\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c<strong>\u9664\u4e86\u74f6\u9888\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\u90fd\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u6162\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u6162\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5bfb\u5740\u4e0e\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6162\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6162\u2026\u2026\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00CPU \u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u7ea7\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u6162\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u6210\u5728CPU\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u5168\u662fI\/O\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bfb\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u7f51\u5361\u5168\u90fd\u662fI\/O\u3002<strong>I\/O\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u74f6\u9888<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u6b65\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u5728I\/O\uff0c\u4e1a\u754c\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6ca1\u51fa\u610f\u6599\uff1a<strong>\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5427\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5427\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5427\u5427\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1>3 \u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u8def<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u53d1\u8fbe\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u3002\u800c\u4eceCPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u4e2d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c<strong>\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684I\/O\u74f6\u9888<\/strong>\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5b95\u673a\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u6162\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8bf8\u591a\u5f02\u6b65\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u5bf9\u51c6\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d10\u7bc7\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.1 \u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ece\u5efa\u7acbsocket\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u518d\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/df5c9b2ea851e5be0af26a201adcc33c.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88293 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/df5c9b2ea851e5be0af26a201adcc33c.png\" alt=\"02_blocking\" width=\"1320\" height=\"830\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u8017\u65f6\u7ea6\u4e3a4.5\u79d2\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u6ce2\u52a8\u6bcf\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u53d6\u591a\u6b21\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c<strong>blocking_way()\u00a0<\/strong>\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u00a0socket\u00a0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u00a0socket\u8bfb\u53d6HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86 example.com \u7684\u9996\u9875\u3002\u5728<strong>sync_way()<\/strong>\u00a0\u6267\u884c\u4e8610\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u4e0b\u8f7d example.com \u9996\u987510\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u7b2c10\u884c\u7684<strong>\u00a0sock.connect((\u2018example.com\u2019, 80))<\/strong>\uff0c\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5411<strong>example.com<\/strong>\u4e3b\u673a\u7684<strong>80<\/strong>\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 \u4e8c\u662f\u7b2c14\u884c\u3001\u7b2c18\u884c\u7684<strong>sock.recv(4096)<\/strong>\uff0c\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ecesocket\u4e0a\u8bfb\u53d64K\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u591a\u4e45\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u53ef\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002<strong>\u6240\u4ee5sock.connect()\u548csock.recv()\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u963b\u585e\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u6ce8\uff1a<strong>sock.send()<\/strong>\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u592a\u4e45\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u89811\u79d2\u949f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<strong>sock.connect()<\/strong>\u5c31\u5f97\u963b\u585e1\u79d2\u949f\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8fd91\u79d2\u949f\u5bf9\u4e00\u98972.6GHz\u7684CPU\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8683\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e72\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<strong>sock.recv()<\/strong>\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u7b49\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u8f7d10\u7bc7\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u963b\u585e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u5f97\u91cd\u590d10\u6b21\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d1000\u4e07\u7bc7\u7f51\u9875\u5462\uff1f\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u529b\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<strong>\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u5341\u5206\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/strong>\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u4e92\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6839\u672c<strong>\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\u6311\u6218C10K\/C10M\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.2 \u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c10\u6b21\u592a\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u5f0010\u4e2a\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5462<\/strong>\uff1f\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Linux 2.4\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f OS \u8c03\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684OS\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/e40124c2b29c297270e5c3cf83984cd6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88294 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/e40124c2b29c297270e5c3cf83984cd6.png\" alt=\"03_multiproc\" width=\"1322\" height=\"866\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u8017\u65f6\u7ea6\u4e3a 0.6 \u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6539\u5584\u6548\u679c\u7acb\u7aff\u89c1\u5f71\u3002\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u8017\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e5d\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u8017\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f<strong>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u4e0d\u6b62\u50cf\u201cCPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u201d\u6240\u5217\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u201d\u90a3\u4e48\u4f4e\u3002CPU\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u65e7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u5168\u90e8\u4fdd\u5b58\u597d\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u524d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5bf9CPU\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c31\u5e72\u7b49\u7740\u3002<strong>\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u4e8eCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u5728\u6570\u5341\u4e2a\u5230\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u5c06\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u6bcf\u5929\u9700\u8981\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4e07\u6b21\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u722c\u866b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u641e\u5b9a\u6570\u4e07\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86<strong>\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u5927<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<strong>\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u89c4\u6a21\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u72b6\u6001\u5171\u4eab\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540e\u6587\u4f1a\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e0d\u518d\u7ec6\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.3 \u7ee7\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb\uff1a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7531\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684OS\u4e5f\u628a\u8c03\u5ea6\u5355\u4f4d\u7531\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f6c\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u800c\u4e14OS\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/e67c2998155f1830795139fbb202192d.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88295 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/e67c2998155f1830795139fbb202192d.png\" alt=\"04_multithread\" width=\"1330\" height=\"870\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7ea60.43\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u679c\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u6bd4\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8017\u65f6\u8981\u5c11\u4e9b\u3002\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u5230\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fPython\u91cc\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u56e0\u4e3aGIL\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5229\u7528CPU\u591a\u6838\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c<strong>\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u5982\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u8017\u65f6\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u505a\u963b\u585e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<strong>sock.connect(),sock.recv()<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u91ca\u653eGIL\uff0c\u8ba9\u522b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u6267\u884c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\uff0c\u5728\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u963b\u585e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5c0f\u63d0\u793a\uff1aPython\u4e2d time.sleep \u662f\u963b\u585e\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u8981\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0ctime.sleep \u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86GIL\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6709\u901a\u75c5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u88abOS\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u7b49\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u6267\u884c\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u6b63\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728<strong>\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ece\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u62ff\u5f85\u6293\u53d6URL\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6765\u53d6\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u5e95\u8be5\u7ed9\u8c01\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u201c\u9501\u201d\u6216\u201c\u540c\u6b65\u961f\u5217\u201d\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u7684\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u767e\u5230\u6570\u5343\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u4e92\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u5403\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c<strong>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u662f\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.4 \u975e\u963b\u585e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u963b\u585e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/4cc1cce576902e1b7794d45c480dea74.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88296 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/4cc1cce576902e1b7794d45c480dea74.png\" alt=\"05_nonblocking\" width=\"1334\" height=\"1450\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u8017\u65f6\u7ea64.3\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e24\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u611f\u89c9\u88ab\u9a97\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u8017\u65f6\u4e0e\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8981\u975e\u963b\u585e\u4f55\u7528\uff1f\u4e14\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u56fe\u7b2c9\u884c\u4ee3\u7801<strong>sock.setblocking(False)<\/strong>\u544a\u8bc9OS\uff0c\u8ba9socket\u4e0a\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u6539\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u963b\u788d\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505a\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u00a0<strong>sock.connect()\u00a0<\/strong>\u548c\u00a0<strong>sock.recv()<\/strong>\u00a0\u540e\u7684\u786e\u4e0d\u518d\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u7b2c11\u884c\u8981\u653e\u5728<strong>try<\/strong>\u8bed\u53e5\u5185\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>socket<\/strong>\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e95\u5c42\u4e5f\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<strong>connect()<\/strong>\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7b2c15\u548c16\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981while\u5faa\u73af\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\u00a0<strong>send()<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>connect()<\/strong>\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u5728<strong>send()<\/strong>\u4e4b\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u00a0<strong>socket<\/strong>\u00a0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<strong>recv()<\/strong>\u8c03\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u867d\u7136\u00a0connect()\u00a0\u548c\u00a0recv()\u00a0\u4e0d\u518d\u963b\u585e\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7a7a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5CPU\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f2\u7740\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u597d\u8fd9\u7a7a\u95f2\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u5199 socket \uff08\u4e0d\u505c\u5224\u65ad\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a socket \u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e10\u6b21\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u975e\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u7b97\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3.5 \u975e\u963b\u585e\u6539\u8fdb<\/h2>\n<h3>3.5.1 epoll<\/h3>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\u5982\u679c OS \u80fd\u505a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u53bb\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5<strong>OS\u5c06I\/O\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u53ef\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5e76\u4e14<strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u5757\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u662f<strong>select<\/strong>\u3002\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<strong>select<\/strong>\u6ce8\u518c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u548c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c<strong>select<\/strong>\u00a0\u5c31\u8c03\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>select<\/strong>\u56e0\u5176\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u8fdb\u6210\u4e86<strong>poll<\/strong>\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\uff0cBSD\u5185\u6838\u6539\u8fdb\u6210\u4e86<strong>kqueue<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800cLinux\u5185\u6838\u6539\u8fdb\u6210\u4e86<strong>epoll<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684API\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e<strong>kqueue<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<strong>epoll<\/strong>\u00a0\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u4e8e Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u542c\u95fb\u88ab\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u662f\u00a0<strong>epoll<\/strong>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.5.2 \u56de\u8c03(Callback)<\/h3>\n<p>\u628aI\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u76d1\u542c\u4efb\u52a1\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86 OS\uff0c\u90a3 OS \u5728\u77e5\u9053I\/O\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u540e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982socket\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u53ef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8be5\u5e72\u561b\u5462\uff1f<strong>\u53ea\u80fd\u56de\u8c03<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8ba9<strong>epoll<\/strong>\u4ee3\u66ff\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76d1\u542c<strong>socket<\/strong>\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5f97\u544a\u8bc9<strong>epoll<\/strong>\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c<strong>socket<\/strong>\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f80\u91cc\u5199\u6570\u636e\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u8c03\u7528HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c<strong>socket<\/strong>\u00a0\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u8c03\u7528\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528<strong>epoll<\/strong>\u7ed3\u5408\u56de\u8c03\u673a\u5236\u91cd\u6784\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/fa837bc7650e9cda6069b86f44b9cf2c.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88297 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/fa837bc7650e9cda6069b86f44b9cf2c.png\" alt=\"06_callback\" width=\"1326\" height=\"1442\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5904\u548c\u524d\u9762\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e0d\u540c\u768410\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9URL\u8def\u5f84\u5b58\u653e\u4e8eurls_todo\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u770b\u6539\u8fdb\u5728\u54ea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5<strong>send()<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<strong>recv()<\/strong>\u00a0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86<strong>selectors<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>DefaultSelector\u00a0<\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002Python\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<strong>selectors<\/strong>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42<strong>select\/poll\/epoll\/kqueue<\/strong>\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<strong>DefaultSelector<\/strong>\u7c7b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e OS \u73af\u5883\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u5728 Linux 2.5.44 \u53ca\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f<strong>epoll<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c25\u884c\u548c\u7b2c31\u884c\u5206\u522b\u6ce8\u518c\u4e86<strong>socket<\/strong>\u53ef\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6<strong>(EVENT_WRITE)<\/strong>\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e8b\u4ef6<strong>(EVENT_READ)<\/strong>\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\uff0c\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4ea4\u7ed9OS\u53bb\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6293\u53d610\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u521b\u5efa10\u4e2a<strong>Crawler<\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u670920\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u4ece<strong>selector<\/strong>\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<h3>3.5.3 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff08Event Loop\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5f97\u91c7\u7528\u8001\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u53bb\u8bbf\u95eeselector\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u5e94\u54ea\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/4d2984a2e636568b5265bbacdd6a71fd.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88298 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/4d2984a2e636568b5265bbacdd6a71fd.png\" alt=\"07_ioloop\" width=\"1334\" height=\"264\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528<strong>stopped<\/strong>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4f55\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5f53<strong>urls_todo<\/strong>\u6d88\u8017\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6807\u8bb0<strong>stopped<\/strong>\u4e3a<strong>True<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7b2c49\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c<strong>selector.select()\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5e72\u8106\u963b\u585e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e00\u7bc7\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981<strong>connect()<\/strong>\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd<strong>send()<\/strong>\u7ee7\u800c<strong>recv()<\/strong>\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u963b\u585e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5728<strong>connect()\/recv()<\/strong>\u4e0a\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5728<strong>select()<\/strong>\u4e0a\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<strong>selector\u673a\u5236(\u540e\u6587\u4ee5\u6b64\u79f0\u547c\u4ee3\u6307epoll\/kqueue)\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c<strong>selector<\/strong>\u673a\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u521b\u5efa10\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/b2bc8baa26ec664a0064de51fd58b27f.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88299 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/b2bc8baa26ec664a0064de51fd58b27f.png\" alt=\"08_useloop\" width=\"1328\" height=\"298\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u8017\u65f6\u7ea60.45\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u594b\u3002\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u7528\u00a0<strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af+\u56de\u8c03<\/strong>\u00a0\u641e\u5b9a\u4e8610\u7bc7\u7f51\u9875\u540c\u65f6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f<strong>\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e2afor \u5faa\u73af\u987a\u5e8f\u5730\u521b\u5efaCrawler \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u8c03\u7528<strong>\u00a0fetch<\/strong>\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<strong>fetch<\/strong>\u00a0\u5185\u4ec5\u6709<strong>connect()<\/strong>\u548c\u6ce8\u518c\u53ef\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ece\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u660e\u663e\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5f02\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa<strong>Crawler<\/strong>\u00a0\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528<strong>fetch<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa<strong>socket<\/strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5728<strong>selector<\/strong>\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u53ef\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>fetch\u5185\u5e76\u65e0\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u8ff03\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5c0610\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u542f\u52a8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c1\u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u963b\u585e\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u4e0a\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1<strong>EVENT_WRITE<\/strong>\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u56de\u8c03\u5176<strong>connected<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c2\u8f6e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5176\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\uff1b\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u6d4b\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0a\u6b21<strong>connected<\/strong>\u91cc\u7684<strong>EVENT_READ<\/strong>\u5148\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684<strong>EVENT_WRITE<\/strong>\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\uff1b\uff08<strong>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u4e86<\/strong>\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210<\/li>\n<li>\u9000\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>3.5.4 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u975e\u963b\u585e\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u963b\u585e\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u9ed1\u9b54\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fde\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6808\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5355\u673a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u89c4\u6a21\u4e5f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u4e07\u5230\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u514d\u8d39\u5348\u9910\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u94f6\u5f39\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5c31\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u6b64\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b98\u65b9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff09\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528epoll\u53bb\u6ce8\u518c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u56de\u8c03\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u82b1\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u8282\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u51e1\u8981\u505a\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af+\u56de\u8c03\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u9003\u4e0d\u6389\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u662f<strong>epoll<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f<strong>while<\/strong>\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e \u201c<strong>\u7b49\u4f1a\u513f\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60<\/strong>\u201d \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf7\u7acb\u5373\u7ed9\u6211\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u662fCall\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230 CallBack \u6a21\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u8282\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u54b1\u4eec\u8bb2 Python \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u63d0\u5230\u5176\u4e3b\u89d2<strong>\u534f\u7a0b<\/strong>\u7684\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4 Python \u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u4e4b\u8def<\/h1>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u8282\u5b66\u4e60\u5230 Python \u751f\u6001\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ee7\u627f\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u201c<strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af+\u56de\u8c03<\/strong>\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u6f14\u53d8\u5230asyncio\u7684\u539f\u751f\u534f\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.1 \u56de\u8c03\u4e4b\u75db\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ec8\u4e3a\u59cb<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c3\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u201c<strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af+\u56de\u8c03<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u56de\u8c03\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u8981\u5d4c\u5957\u56de\u8c03\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u8981\u5d4c\u5957\u5f88\u591a\u5c42\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5d4c\u5957\u4e86\u591a\u5c42\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u56de\u8c03\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b<strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u56de\u8c03\u5c42\u6b21\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5dee<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-github crayon-font-monaco crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-always\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-15\">15<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0callback_1<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># processing &#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0callback_2<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># processing&#8230;..<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0callback_3<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># processing &#8230;.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0callback_4<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\">#processing &#8230;..<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0callback_5<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># processing &#8230;&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">async_function<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">callback_5)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">async_function<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">callback_4)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">async_function<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">callback_3)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">async_function<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">callback_2)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5f1009069127-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">async_function<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">callback_1)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7834\u574f\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5199\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5ff888953475\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-github crayon-font-monaco crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-always\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-tools\">\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-nums-button crayon-pressed\" title=\"\u5207\u6362\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-plain-button\" title=\"\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-wrap-button\" title=\"\u5207\u6362\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-copy-button\" title=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-popup-button\" title=\"\u5728\u65b0\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"crayon-language\">Python<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5ff888953475-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f5ff888953475-2\">2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5ff888953475-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">do_a<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f5ff888953475-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">do_b<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c b \u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e a \u5904\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c a \u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5 a \u4f55\u65f6\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5callback\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 a \uff0c\u8ba9 a \u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c b\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f603804429818\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-github crayon-font-monaco crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-always\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-tools\">\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-nums-button crayon-pressed\" title=\"\u5207\u6362\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-plain-button\" title=\"\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-wrap-button\" title=\"\u5207\u6362\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-copy-button\" title=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-popup-button\" title=\"\u5728\u65b0\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"crayon-language\">Python<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f603804429818-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f603804429818-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">do_a<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(do_b())<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6574\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6539\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u6d41\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f607711993901\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-github crayon-font-monaco crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-always\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-tools\">\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-nums-button crayon-pressed\" title=\"\u5207\u6362\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-plain-button\" title=\"\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-wrap-button\" title=\"\u5207\u6362\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-copy-button\" title=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-button crayon-popup-button\" title=\"\u5728\u65b0\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"crayon-language\">Python<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f607711993901-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f607711993901-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">do_a<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(do_b(do_c(do_d(do_e(do_f(&#8230;&#8230;))))))<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u5b9e\u9645\u4e5f\u662f\u56de\u8c03\u5730\u72f1\u5f0f\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8981\u6539\u6210\u4ece\u5185\u5230\u5916\u7684\u3002\u5148f\uff0c\u518de\uff0c\u518dd\uff0c\u2026\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u5916\u5c42 a \u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5b8ca\u540e\u6267\u884cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5171\u4eab\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u56f0\u96be<\/strong><br \/>\n\u56de\u987e\u7b2c3\u8282\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u7248\u7684<strong>sock<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u5934\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u5c3e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728<strong>Crawler<\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<strong>self<\/strong>\u91cc\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<strong>sock<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u91c7\u7528OOP\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u90a3\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u63a5\u529b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u54ea\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u5c31\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u56f0\u96be<\/strong><br \/>\n\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 a \u5230 f\u3002\u5047\u5982 d \u629b\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u6574\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u65ad\u6389\uff0c\u63a5\u529b\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u6495\u88c2<\/strong>\u3002 c \u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5e72\u561b\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f b \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u63a5\u7740 a \u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u597d\u561b\uff0c\u62a5\u9519\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0ca \u8c03\u7528\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u662f d \u51fa\u9519\u3002<strong>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6808\u6495\u88c2\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u9519\u8bef\u541e\u6ca1\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4ee3\u7801\u98ce\u683c\u96be\u770b\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u6808\u6495\u88c2\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u56f0\u96be\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f88\u8270\u96be\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u751f\u6001\u90fd\u5728\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u624d\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684<strong>Promise\u3001Co-routine<\/strong>\u7b49\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Python \u751f\u6001\u4e5f\u4ee5\u7ec8\u4e3a\u59cb\uff0c\u79c9\u627f\u7740\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u96be\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u82e6\u903c\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8212\u5766\u3002\u5728<strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af+\u56de\u8c03<\/strong>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u6709\u00a0<strong>Tornado\u3001Twisted\u3001asyncio<\/strong>\u00a0\u7b49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u968f\u7740 Python \u751f\u6001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Python\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff1a\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u4f55\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff1f\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u56de\u8c03\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56de\u8c03\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\uff0c\u5fc5\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u89c4\u907f\u5176\u7f3a\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u9700\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5176\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56de\u8c03\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1f\u8fd8\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u65f6\u514b\u670d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\u53c8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4e86\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e72\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6b63\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c06\u6765\u8981\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<strong>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f97\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u4e4b\u95f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u90a3\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u90fd\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u6709\u6808\u6495\u88c2\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8ba9\u56de\u8c03\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u518d\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u600e\u6837\uff1f\u4e0d\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u901a\u77e5\u90a3\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f97\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5f97\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u90a3\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u6cd5\uff1a\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1f\u7136\u800c\u8981\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u505a\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c<strong>\u554a\u54c8\uff0c\u534f\u7a0b\uff01<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u534f\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u534f\u4f5c\u90a3\u81ea\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u522b\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.3 \u534f\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u534f\u7a0b(Co-routine)\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b83\u662f\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5b50\u4f8b\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5165\u53e3\u70b9\u5728\u4f8b\u7a0b\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6682\u505c\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53ef\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u7528\u79f0\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.4 \u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u534f\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u7684 Pythoner \u53d1\u73b0 Python \u4e2d\u6709\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff08Generator\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u534f\u7a0b\u5f88\u50cf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f1a\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5148\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u505a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\uff0cPython 2.5 \u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a(PEP 342)\uff0c\u8be5\u589e\u5f3a\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u6807\u9898\u662f \u201cCoroutines via Enhanced Generators\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e86PEP 342\u7684\u52a0\u6301\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<strong>yield<\/strong>\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c\u548c\u5411\u5916\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<strong>send()<\/strong>\u5411\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5185\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<strong>throw()<\/strong>\u5411\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5185\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u4ee5\u4fbf\u968f\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u6765\u91cd\u6784\u5148\u524d\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.1 \u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u8c61(Future)<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e86\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u653e\u5728\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/815c8151acb7d4fec01f637bec5bd4a3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88300 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/815c8151acb7d4fec01f637bec5bd4a3.png\" alt=\"09_future\" width=\"1324\" height=\"722\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>result<\/strong>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a<strong>set_result()<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e<strong>result<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u5728\u7ed9<strong>result<\/strong>\u7ed1\u5b9a\u503c\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8b\u5148\u7ed9future\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u56de\u8c03\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684<strong>add_done_callback()<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u7591\u60d1\u6b64\u5904\u7684<strong>callback<\/strong>\uff0c\u8bf4\u597d\u4e86\u4e0d\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u561b\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u5fd8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u7684<strong>\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\uff0c\u5fc5\u56de\u8c03<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u522b\u6025\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u548c\u5148\u524d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd8\u771f\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.2 \u91cd\u6784 Crawler<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u672a\u6765\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5148\u7528<strong>Future<\/strong>\u6765\u91cd\u6784\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/13a05fa1bcc865ccf7940839c7529104.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88301 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/13a05fa1bcc865ccf7940839c7529104.png\" alt=\"10_gen_crawler\" width=\"1332\" height=\"1456\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u5148\u524d\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u7248\u672c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002fetch \u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u6709\u4e86yield\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u751f\u6210\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8c03\u7528<strong>next()<\/strong>\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5148<strong>send(None)<\/strong>\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u9047\u5230yield\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u6682\u505c\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9fetch\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u518d\u6b21\u6062\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5462\uff1f\u81f3\u5c11\u00a0<strong>Future<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<strong>Crawler<\/strong>\u90fd\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.3 \u4efb\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61(Task)<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u89d2\u8272\u6765\u505a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u6ca1\u4eba\u6765\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e48\uff1f\u6ca1\u4eba\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e48\uff1f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb<strong>Task<\/strong>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u5408\u9002\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/2702feaec0918e6ac1efd009e9222b0a.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88302 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/2702feaec0918e6ac1efd009e9222b0a.png\" alt=\"11_task\" width=\"1332\" height=\"552\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d<strong>Task<\/strong>\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86<strong>coro<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5f85\u6267\u884c\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684coro\u5c31\u662f<strong>fetch()<\/strong>\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a<strong>step()<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u904d\u3002<strong>step()<\/strong>\u5185\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684<strong>send()<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u662fNone\u5c31\u9a71\u52a8\u4e86coro\u5373<strong>fetch()<\/strong>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>send()<\/strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684<strong>future<\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7684<strong>future<\/strong>\u6dfb\u52a0<strong>step()<\/strong>\u56de\u8c03\u3002\u539f\u6765<strong>add_done_callback()<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed9\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u7684<strong>callback<\/strong>\u53ef\u5c31\u5e72\u7684\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5440\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u770b<strong>fetch()<\/strong>\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6ce8\u518c\u7ed9selector\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<strong>future<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u503c\u3002\u4e24\u4e2ayield\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684future\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de<strong>Task.step()<\/strong>\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837<strong>Task, Future, Coroutine<\/strong>\u4e09\u8005\u7cbe\u5999\u5730\u4e32\u8054\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u5316Task\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u628a<strong>fetch()<\/strong>\u7ed9\u9a71\u52a8\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c44\u884c<strong>yied f<\/strong>\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e8b\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u7ee7\u7eed\uff1f<\/p>\n<h3>4.4.4 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af(Event Loop)\u9a71\u52a8\u534f\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c<\/h3>\n<p>\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e0a\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u518c\u7684EVENT_WRITE\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u50cf\u5fc3\u810f\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u8df3\u52a8\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/f73d1e5d440798c92bc0a4dfb334270f.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88303 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/f73d1e5d440798c92bc0a4dfb334270f.png\" alt=\"12_evloop\" width=\"1328\" height=\"616\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u603b\u4f53\u8017\u65f6\u7ea60.43\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728loop\u6709\u4e86\u4e9b\u8bb8\u53d8\u5316\uff0c<strong>callback()<\/strong>\u4e0d\u518d\u4f20\u9012<strong>event_key<\/strong>\u548c<strong>event_mask<\/strong>\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u662f\u8c01\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408<strong>fetch()<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9<strong>future<\/strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ed3\u679c\u503c\u5373\u53ef<strong>f.set_result()<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u4e14<strong>future<\/strong>\u662f\u8c01\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u534f\u7a0b<\/strong>\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u5b58\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<strong>future<\/strong>\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u5fc3\u5230\u5e95\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ec0\u4e48\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u534f\u7a0b\u5185\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u65f6\u7684loop()\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u810f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u7ba1\u5f80\u5916\u6cf5\u8840\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4efd\u8840\u6db2\u662f\u8981\u8f93\u9001\u7ed9\u5927\u8111\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u7ed9\u811a\u8dbe\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u8fd8\u5728\u8df3\u52a8\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>4.4.5 \u751f\u6210\u5668\u534f\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u56de\u8c03\u98ce\u683c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u98ce\u683c\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b58\u5728\u94fe\u5f0f\u56de\u8c03\uff08\u867d\u7136\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5957\u56de\u8c03\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u90a3\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ef4\u62a4\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53c2\u89c14.1\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e0\u94fe\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li><strong>selector<\/strong>\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u91cc\u53ea\u7ba1\u7ed9<strong>future<\/strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5173\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<li>loop \u5185\u56de\u8c03<strong>callback()<\/strong>\u4e0d\u518d\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u8c01\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u5df2\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u9700\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u54ea\u4e2a\u624d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684<strong>sock<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.4.6 \u7889\u5821\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u5f88\u4e11\uff01\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u6784\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4<strong>fetch<\/strong>\u7684\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u8981\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\u6280\u672f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08socket\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff09\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff09\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa<strong>socket<\/strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u590d\u7528\u5427\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a<strong>response<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u590d\u7528\u5427\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u5904\u7406<strong>socket.recv()<\/strong>\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u590d\u7528\u5427\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6709<strong>yield<\/strong>\uff0c\u62bd\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u662f\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3002\u800c\u4e14<strong>fetch()<\/strong>\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5f97\u662f\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5668\u91cc\u73a9\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u597d\u50cf\u8981\u5199\u5f97\u66f4\u4e11\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Python \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4eec\u4e5f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u79c9\u627f\u7740\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u96be\u7a0b\u5e8f\u733f\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6363\u9f13\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6210\u5668\u91cc\u73a9\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.5 \u7528 yield from \u6539\u8fdb\u751f\u6210\u5668\u534f\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<h3>4.5.1 yield from\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<p>yield from \u662fPython 3.3 \u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08PEP 380\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u751f\u6210\u5668\u91cc\u73a9\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u662f\uff1a\u8ba9\u5d4c\u5957\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4e0d\u5fc5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u8fed\u4ee3yield\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5yield from\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u5728\u751f\u6210\u5668\u91cc\u73a9\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-github crayon-font-monaco crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-always\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0gen_one<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">subgen\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-o\">=\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">range<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-cn\">10)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0yield\u00a0from\u00a0subgendef\u00a0gen_two():<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f613088811820-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">subgen\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-o\">=\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">range<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-cn\">10)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-st\">for\u00a0item\u00a0in\u00a0subgen:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0yield\u00a0item<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u5668\u548c\u539f\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6253\u5f00\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-github crayon-font-monaco crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-always\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-10\">10<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">def\u00a0gen<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">yield\u00a0from\u00a0subgen<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()def\u00a0subgen()<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-st\">while\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-t\">True<span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">x\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-o\">=\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">yield<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-i\">yield<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">x<span class=\"crayon-o\">+<span class=\"crayon-cn\">1def\u00a0main<span class=\"crayon-sy\">():<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">g\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-o\">=\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">gen<span class=\"crayon-sy\">()<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">next<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">g)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># \u9a71\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5668g\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a yield<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">retval\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-o\">=\u00a0g<span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<span class=\"crayon-e\">send(<span class=\"crayon-cn\">1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># \u770b\u4f3c\u5411\u751f\u6210\u5668 gen() \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-e\">print<span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<span class=\"crayon-v\">retval)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># \u8fd4\u56de2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-599685269f617029619415-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-v\">g<span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<span class=\"crayon-st\">throw(StopIteration)\u00a0<span class=\"crayon-p\"># \u770b\u4f3c\u5411gen()\u629b\u5165\u5f02\u5e38<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e86yield from\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u9053\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5b57yield from\u5728gen()\u5185\u90e8\u4e3asubgen()\u548cmain()\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u3002main()\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e1\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9subgen(),subgen()\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e2\u8fd4\u56de\u5230main()\u91cc\uff0cmain()\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5411subgen()\u629b\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\u4ee5\u7ec8\u6b62subgen()\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u987a\u5e26\u4e00\u63d0\uff0cyield from \u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5 yield from \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5 yield from \u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.5.2 \u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61socket\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u529f\u80fd:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/46d52cc58abf84225a529c280f199c7c.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88304 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/46d52cc58abf84225a529c280f199c7c.png\" alt=\"13_yf_conn\" width=\"1326\" height=\"520\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u5355\u6b21<strong>recv()<\/strong>\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684response\u529f\u80fd:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/429685e8f353d20d8bce9990ceb529e1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88305 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/429685e8f353d20d8bce9990ceb529e1.png\" alt=\"14_yf_read\" width=\"1328\" height=\"698\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u91cd\u6784<strong>Crawler<\/strong>\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/47558d12801fd122257c3feff7c94a61.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88306 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/47558d12801fd122257c3feff7c94a61.png\" alt=\"15_yf_crawler\" width=\"1326\" height=\"544\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u00a0\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u4e2a\u70b9\u9700\u8981<strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7b2c24\u548c\u7b2c35\u884c\u8fd4\u56de<strong>future<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86<strong>yield from f\u00a0<\/strong>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684<strong>yield f<\/strong>\u3002<strong>yield<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u666e\u901aPython\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u5374\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9<strong>Future<\/strong>\u8fd8\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>iterable<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/b80205ab137273a4224d7284203c6ed9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88307 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/b80205ab137273a4224d7284203c6ed9.png\" alt=\"16_yf_future\" width=\"1324\" height=\"584\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86<strong>__iter__()<\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u628a<strong>Future<\/strong>\u6539\u6210<strong>iterable<\/strong>\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u539f\u6765\u7684<strong>yield<\/strong>\u00a0f\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8fdb\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u505a\u534f\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8fd8\u5f97\u662f\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df7\u7528<strong>yield<\/strong>\u548c<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u00a0\u505a\u534f\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u90fd\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6539\uff0c\u534f\u7a0b\u5185\u8fd8\u5f97\u5173\u5fc3\u5b83\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u88abyield\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u534f\u7a0b\u91cc\u8fd8\u60f3\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd4\u56de\u534f\u7a0b\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8c03\u7528\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>Future<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728Python 3.3 \u5f15\u5165<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u65b0\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u63a8\u8350\u7528yield\u53bb\u505a\u534f\u7a0b\u3002\u5168\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u9053\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u534f\u7a0b\u95f4\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.5.3 yield from\u6539\u8fdb\u534f\u7a0b\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u6539\u8fdb\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f7f\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7cbe\u7b80\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u9053\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u534f\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7fPython\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5927\u5927\u5411\u524d\u8fc8\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662fPython\u8bed\u8a00\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4eec\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528<strong>yield from<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u00a0<strong>Guido<\/strong>\u00a0\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684Python\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6<strong>Tulip<\/strong>\u8fc5\u901f\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8\uff0c\u5e76\u8feb\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f85\u5f97\u8ba9\u5b83\u5728 Python 3.4 \u4e2d\u6362\u4e86\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u4ee5\u201c\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u201d\u89d2\u8272\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.5.4 asyncio \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<p><strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u662fPython 3.4 \u8bd5\u9a8c\u6027\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6846\u67b6\uff08PEP 3156\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u7a0b\u505a\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff08Event Loop\uff09\u3001\u534f\u7a0b(Coroutine\uff09\u3001\u4efb\u52a1(Task)\u3001\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u8c61(Future)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6269\u5145\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f15\u5165asyncio\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668<strong>@asyncio.coroutine<\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u9970\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u5176\u4e3a\u534f\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u5230 Python 3.4 \u65f6\u6709\u4e86<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u7684\u52a0\u6301\u8ba9\u534f\u7a0b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u7a0b\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5305\u88b1\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u5f04\u4e0d\u660e\u767d<strong>\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u534f\u7a0b<\/strong>\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f04\u4e0d\u660e\u767d<strong>yield<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u00a0\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u8fdd\u80ccPython\u4e4b\u7985\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662fPython\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u4eec\u53c8\u5feb\u9a6c\u52a0\u97ad\u5730\u5728 3.5 \u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86<strong>async\/await<\/strong>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08PEP 492\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u534f\u7a0b\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u800c\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<strong>\u539f\u751f\u534f\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002<strong>async\/await<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u5e95\u5c42\u590d\u7528\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Python 3.6 \u4e2d<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u5e93\u201c\u8f6c\u6b63\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e00\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4.6 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u884c\u81f3\u6b64\u5904\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5728 CPython \u5b98\u65b9\u652f\u6301\u7684\u751f\u6001\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u51e0\u8282\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u7b49\u4f7f Python \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u66f4\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u548c\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>5 asyncio\u548c\u539f\u751f\u534f\u7a0b\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c<\/h1>\n<p>\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521d\u6b65\u4f53\u9a8c<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u5e93\u548c\u65b0\u589e\u8bed\u6cd5<strong>async\/await<\/strong>\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u7531\u4e8ePython2-3\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u671f\u95f4\uff0cPython3.0-3.4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>aysncio<\/strong>\u57283.6\u624d\u8f6c\u6b63\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60asyncio\u5e93\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528<strong>async\/await<\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u751f\u534f\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c\uff0c<strong>yield from<\/strong>\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u4e0d\u518d\u9610\u8ff0\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u76f8\u4e92\u4ee3\u66ff\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/7e131eb91da34645a3d4fa24280fec62.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-88308 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/jbcdn2.b0.upaiyun.com\/2017\/08\/7e131eb91da34645a3d4fa24280fec62.png\" alt=\"17_aio\" width=\"1328\" height=\"802\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u751f\u6210\u5668\u7248\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u5e93\u540e\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5927\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86<strong>yield\u00a0<\/strong>\u6216\u00a0<strong>yield from<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f<strong>async\/await<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u9020\u7684<strong>loop()<\/strong>\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f<strong>asyncio.get_event_loop()<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u9700\u81ea\u5df1\u5728<strong>socket<\/strong>\u4e0a\u505a\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\u6ce8\u9500\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c<strong>aiohttp<\/strong>\u5e93\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee3\u52b3<\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u663e\u5f0f\u7684<strong>\u00a0Future<\/strong>\u00a0\u548c<strong>\u00a0Task\uff0casyncio<\/strong>\u5df2\u5c01\u88c5<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u518d\u81ea\u5df1\u64cd\u4f5c<strong>socket<\/strong>\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u505a\u4e1a\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u5904\u7406\u59a5\u5584\u5730HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5f02\u6b65HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4e1a\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u6210\u719f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0cDRY\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u7248\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f02\u6b65\u5316<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\uff08\u5f15\u5165<strong>aiohttp<\/strong>\u6846\u67b6\u540e\u66f4\u5c11\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u540c\u6837\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8ddf\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u8fd110\u500d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h1>\n<p>\u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u5728Python\u91cc\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8ddf\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u6548\u7387\u5374\u63d0\u5347N\u500d\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u63d0\u5347\u60c5\u51b5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u7a0b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c06\u662f\u5b66\u4e60<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76<strong>asyncio<\/strong>\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63a2\u8ba8Python\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u65b9\u6848\u548casyncio\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u9644<\/h1>\n<h2><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u300aA Web Crawler With asyncio Coroutines\u300b<\/li>\n<li>\u300a\u8ba9 CPU \u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u786c\u76d8\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u6162\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>http:\/\/github.com\/denglj\/aiotutorial<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740 &nbsp; \u524d\u8a00 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