{"id":5027,"date":"2021-01-31T20:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-01-31T12:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn\/wordpress\/?p=5027"},"modified":"2021-01-31T20:54:37","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T12:54:37","slug":"valgrind-memcheck-%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/5027","title":{"rendered":"Valgrind memcheck \u7528\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"rEsl9f\">\n<div class=\"_2mYfmT\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"s-dsoj\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/78adaba826c3\">\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<article class=\"_2rhmJa\">Valgrind\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u8c03\u8bd5(debugging)\u548c\u5256\u6790(profiling)\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002memcheck\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5b83\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf8\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>1. \u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h1>\n<h1>1.1 \u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>-g\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4ea7\u751f\u7b26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837Valgrind\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5426\u5219Valgrind\u53ea\u80fd\u731c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-fno-inline\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0cValgrind\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u8ff7\u60d1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1debug\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684<\/li>\n<li>-O1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901f\u5ea6\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528-O0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-Wall\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cgcc\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e9bmemcheck\u4e0d\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>1.2 \u7528Valgrind\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h1>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\">valgrind <span class=\"token operator\">--<\/span>log<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>file<span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>log <span class=\"token operator\">--<\/span>tool<span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span>memcheck <span class=\"token operator\">--<\/span>leak<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>check<span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span>full \\\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">--<\/span>show<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>leak<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>kinds<span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span>all <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>your_app arg1 arg2\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8211;log-file \u62a5\u544a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230stderr\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8211;tool=memcheck \u6307\u5b9aValgrind\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002Valgrind\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\uff0c\u5305\u62ecMemcheck\u3001Cachegrind\u3001Callgrind\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u3002memcheck\u662f\u7f3a\u7701\u9879\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8211;leak-check \u6307\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff08memcheck\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u6709:\n<ul>\n<li>no \u4e0d\u62a5\u544a<\/li>\n<li>summary \u663e\u793a\u7b80\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002summary\u662f\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>yes \u548c full \u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>show-leak-kinds \u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ecdefinite, indirect, possible,reachable\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9aall\u6216none\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u662fdefinite,possible\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>2. \u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b<\/h1>\n<h1>2.1 illegal read \u975e\u6cd5\u8bfb \/ illegal write \u975e\u6cd5\u5199<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a1024\u7684\u7f13\u5b58buf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728buf+1020\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a8\u5b57\u8282\u7684uint64_t\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2auint64_t\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fabuf\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> buf <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">uint64_t<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> bigNum <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">uint64_t<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>buf <span class=\"token operator\">+<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1020<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"token number\">12<\/span>     <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>bigNum <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0x12345678AABBCCDD<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"token number\">13<\/span>     printf <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\"bigNum is %llu\\n\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>bigNum<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"token number\">14<\/span>     <span class=\"token function\">free<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>buf<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u5199\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:12\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u8bfb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:13\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Invalid write of size <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x400849<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">12<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>  Address <span class=\"token number\">0x51f343c<\/span> is <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">020<\/span> bytes inside a block of size <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">024<\/span> alloc<span class=\"token number\">'<\/span>d\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2B6CD<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x400828<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Invalid read of size <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x400850<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">13<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>  Address <span class=\"token number\">0x51f343c<\/span> is <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">020<\/span> bytes inside a block of size <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">024<\/span> alloc<span class=\"token number\">'<\/span>d\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2B6CD<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17387<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x400828<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.2 Use of uninitialised values \u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u503c<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u503cunused\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> unused<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     printf <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\"unused=%d\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> unused<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528unused\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:11\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17418<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Use of uninitialised value of size <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17418<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4E7A39B<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> _itoa_word <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>_itoa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">195<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17418<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x4E7C3E7<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> vfprintf <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>vfprintf<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1596<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17418<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x4E85198<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> printf <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>printf<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>c<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">35<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17418<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x4007A2<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.3 Use of uninitialised or unaddressable values in system calls \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u503c\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2darr\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u8c03\u7528write()\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> arr <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     write <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> arr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528write\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:11\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17450<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Syscall param <span class=\"token function\">write<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>buf<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> points to uninitialised <span class=\"token function\">byte<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17450<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4F1AF10<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> __write_nocancel <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>syscall<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>S<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">82<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17450<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x400802<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17450<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>  Address <span class=\"token number\">0x51f3040<\/span> is <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> bytes inside a block of size <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> alloc<span class=\"token number\">'<\/span>d\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17450<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2B6CD<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17450<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x4007E8<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.4 illegal fress \u975e\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5730\u5740arr+2\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740arr\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> arr <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     free <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arr<span class=\"token operator\">+<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:11\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:10\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3429<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Invalid <span class=\"token function\">free<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">realloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3429<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2A82E<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> free <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3429<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x4007FC<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3429<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>  Address <span class=\"token number\">0x51f3042<\/span> is <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span> bytes inside a block of size <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span> alloc<span class=\"token number\">'<\/span>d\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3429<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2B6CD<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3429<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x4007E8<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.5 When a heap block is freed with an inappropriate deallocation function \u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u91ca\u653e<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aint\u6570\u7ec4d[]\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5374\u4f7f\u7528delete\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fdelete[]\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> d <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span> d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:11\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:10\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3498<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Mismatched <span class=\"token function\">free<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3498<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2A4BC<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">operator<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3498<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x400828<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3498<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>  Address <span class=\"token number\">0x5a2ac80<\/span> is <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> bytes inside a block of size <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span> alloc<span class=\"token number\">'<\/span>d\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3498<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2AC27<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">operator<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3498<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x400818<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.6 Overlapping source and destination blocks \u79fb\u52a8\/\u590d\u5236\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6e90\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u91cd\u53e0<\/h1>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2dmemcpy\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u91cd\u53e0\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buf<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">256<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     memcpy <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>buf<span class=\"token operator\">+<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buf<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u590d\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6emain.cpp:11.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-kotlin\"><code class=\"  language-kotlin\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3530<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Source <span class=\"token operator\">and<\/span> destination overlap <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">memcpy<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0x7feffffea<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0x7feffffe0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3530<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2CFA0<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token label symbol\">memcpy@<\/span><span class=\"token annotation builtin\">@GLIBC_2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">14<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3530<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    <span class=\"token keyword\">by<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0x40087E<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.7 Fishy argument values \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8d1f\u503c-10\u8c03\u7528malloc\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sz <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token number\">11<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> arr2 <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sz<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token number\">12<\/span>     <span class=\"token function\">free<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>arr2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u53ea\u662f\u8b66\u544amalloc()\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u51fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\uff08\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u7528Valgrind\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u5427\uff1f\uff09<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3583<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> Warning<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> silly arg <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> to <span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>2.8 Memory leak detection \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732<\/h1>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u914d\u4e86100\u5b57\u8282\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span>     <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> arr <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u4f9d\u6b21\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u662fmain.cpp:10\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u603b\u7ed3\uff08LEAK_SUMMARY\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> HEAP SUMMARY<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>     in use at exit<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> blocks\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>   total heap usage<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> allocs<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> frees<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span> bytes allocated\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> blocks are definitely lost in loss record <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> of <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    at <span class=\"token number\">0x4C2B6CD<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> malloc <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>in <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>usr<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>lib<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>valgrind<span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span>vgpreload_memcheck<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>amd64<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>linux<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>so<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    by <span class=\"token number\">0x400798<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> main <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>main<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>cpp<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> \r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> LEAK SUMMARY<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    definitely lost<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> blocks\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    indirectly lost<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> blocks\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    possibly lost<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> blocks\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    still reachable<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> blocks\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3869<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span>    suppressed<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> bytes in <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> blocks\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h1>3. \u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>memcheck\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u6709malloc()\/new()\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5806\u5757\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u80fd\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u5757\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u91cc\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u6307\u9488\u96c6\u5408\u53eb\u505aroot-set\u3002memcheck\u6839\u636e\u4eceroot-set\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\uff08reachable\u8fd8\u662flost\uff09\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5230\u8fbe\u5757\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u662fstart-pointer\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u5757\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u4e8c\u662finterior-pointer\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u5757\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6709start-pointer\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662freachable\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6709interior-pointer\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5219\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5206\u914d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6545\u610f\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4fdd\u5b58\u7279\u522b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u540e\u9762\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6307\u5411C++\u7684std::string\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3001\u6307\u5411new[]\u5206\u914d\u7684C++\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7f13\u5b58\u662freachable\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7f13\u5b58\u5c31\u662flost\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u4ee5interior-pointer\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u662fpossible lost\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u4eceroot-set\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0cmemcheck \u5c06\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>directly reachable\uff1a root-set\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8df3\u8f6c<\/li>\n<li>indirectly reachable\uff1a root-set\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c<\/li>\n<li>directly lost\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>indirectly lost\uff1a\u6709\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4eceroot-set\u4e2d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5176\u4e2dRRR\u662froot-set\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0cAAA\u548cBBB\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-rust\"><code class=\"  language-rust\">     Pointer chain            AAA Leak Case   BBB Leak Case\r\n     <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>            <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>   <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> BBB                    <span class=\"token function\">DR<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> AAA <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> BBB    DR              <span class=\"token function\">IR<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR               BBB                    <span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR      AAA <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> BBB    DL              <span class=\"token function\">IL<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">BBB<\/span>                    <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>DR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> AAA <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> BBB    <span class=\"token function\">DR<\/span>              <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>IR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">7<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> AAA <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">BBB<\/span>    <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>DR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>    <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>IR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">IL<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">8<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> AAA <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">BBB<\/span>    <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>DR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>    <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>IR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>IL<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>_<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">9<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  RRR      AAA <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> BBB    <span class=\"token function\">DL<\/span>              <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>IL<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>DL\r\n\r\nPointer chain legend<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> RRR<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> a root set node or DR block\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> AAA<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BBB<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> heap blocks\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> a start<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>pointer\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> an interior<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>pointer\r\n\r\nLeak Case legend<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> DR<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Directly reachable\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> IR<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Indirectly reachable\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> DL<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Directly lost\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> IL<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Indirectly lost\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>XY<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> it<span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">'s<\/span> XY <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> the interior<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>pointer is a real pointer\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>XY<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> it<span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">'s<\/span> XY <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> the interior<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>pointer is not a real pointer\r\n<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>_<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>XY<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> it<span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">'s<\/span> XY <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> either case\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662fmemcheck\u4e2dLEAK SUMMARY\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Still reachable: \u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d(1)\u548c(2)\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4eceroot-set\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7start-pointer\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u8fbe\u6216\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u8fbe\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662flost\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Definitely lost\uff1a(3)\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u786e\u5b9a\u662flost\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Indirectly lost\uff1a(4)\u548c(9)\u4e2dBBB\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6709start-pointer\u6216interior-pointer\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4eceroot-set\u4e0d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u9488\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8fdf\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aIndirectly lost\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0edefinitely lost\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0cdefinitely lost\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0cindirectly lost\u4e5f\u5c31\u53d8\u6210reachable\u6216\u8005possible lost\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Possibly lost\uff1a \u6709interior-pointer\u6307\u5411\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4eceroot-set\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u9488\u3002\u56e0\u4e3amemcheck\u4e0d\u80fd\u5224\u65adinterior-pointer\u662f\u5426lost\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u6392\u9664\u3002<br \/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u8981\u5173\u5fc3definitely lost\u548cpossible lost\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fmemcheck\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-dart\"><code class=\"  language-dart\"><span class=\"token operator\">--<\/span>show<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>leak<span class=\"token operator\">-<\/span>kinds<span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span>definite<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>possible\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>suppressed\uff1a \u7528\u6237\u5728suppressed file\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8981\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>4. memcheck\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282<\/h1>\n<h1>4.1 V (Valid-value) bit<\/h1>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3amemcheck\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9eCPU\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684CPU\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aCPU\u5bf9\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9eCPU\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2abit\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2abit\u5173\u8054\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7684bit\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u4e2abit\u53eb\u505aV bit\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2abit\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u5408\u6cd5\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2abitmap\uff0c\u5982\u679cCPU\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aword\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4ecebitmap\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u768432\u4e2aV bit\u3002\u5982\u679cU\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2aword\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u768432\u4e2aV bit\u5199\u56debitmap\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662fCPU\u5185\u90e8\u7684bit\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684V bit\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684CPU\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684V bit\u3002memcheck\u5728bitmap\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7d27\u51d1\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u4e2d\u7684V bit\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4.2 A (Valid-address) bit<\/h1>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2abyte\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2avalid-address(A) bit\u4e0e\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e0eV bit\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cCPU\u4e2d\u7684byte\u6ca1\u6709A bit\u3002A bit\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5408\u6cd5\u8bfb\u5199\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0cA bit \u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\uff0cV bit\u624d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0cmemcheck\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684A bit\uff0c\u5982\u679c A bit\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u5219\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A bit\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8303\u56f4A bit\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u6548<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528malloc\/new\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0cA bit\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548<\/li>\n<li>\u6808\u6307\u9488SP\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\uff0cA bit\u76f8\u5e94\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6808\u5411\u4e0b\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5SP\u5411\u4e0b\u79fb\u52a8\uff0cA bit\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u6548\uff0cSP\u5411\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\uff0cA bit\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0cA bit\u76f8\u5e94\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982mmap()\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5A bit\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/719b2e626080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GDB \u5e38\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/672752c4d5be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GDB \u8c03\u8bd5Coredump\u95ee\u9898<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/1da2f9b0cd33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2dGDB\u8c03\u8bd5Coredump\u95ee\u9898<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/4f1140300516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2dGDB\u4e32\u53e3\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u8bd5<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/8eac340f1760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7528backtrace()\u8c03\u8bd5coredump\u95ee\u9898<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/78adaba826c3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valgrind memcheck \u7528\u6cd5<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/3a2df9b7c353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Address Sanitizer \u7528\u6cd5<\/a><\/p>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h1>\n<p>Memcheck: a memory error detector<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=http%3A%2F%2Fvalgrind.org%2Fdocs%2Fmanual%2Fmc-manual.html%23mc-manual.badfrees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/valgrind.org\/docs\/manual\/mc-manual.html#mc-manual.badfrees<\/a><\/p>\n<p>valgrind \u5de5\u5177\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2FAndyStudy%2Fp%2F6409287.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/AndyStudy\/p\/6409287.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8egcc 2.96<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/a317e8208f8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/a317e8208f8e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740 Valgrind\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u8c03\u8bd5(d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[118],"class_list":["post-5027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-02-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}