{"id":552,"date":"2017-10-11T11:08:47","date_gmt":"2017-10-11T03:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/?p=552"},"modified":"2019-06-25T19:38:52","modified_gmt":"2019-06-25T11:38:52","slug":"makefile%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e6%8e%8c%e6%8f%a1%e8%bf%99%e4%ba%9b%e8%b6%b3%e5%a4%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/552","title":{"rendered":"Makefile\u7ecf\u5178\u6559\u7a0b(\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8db3\u591f)"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
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http:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/haoel\/article\/details\/2886<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n


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<\/a>1 Makefile\u00a0\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/h1>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2.\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u67d0\u51e0\u4e2aC\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u7f16\u8bd1\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684C\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3.\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7684C\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u5199\u5f97\u591f\u597d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2amake\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0cmake\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u667a\u80fd\u5730\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u8bd1\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>1.1 Makefile\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2aMakefile\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u770b\u4e00\u770bMakefile\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0target… : prerequisites …<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 command<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 …<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 …
\n——————————————————————————-<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0target<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fObject File<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0prerequisites<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u751f\u6210\u90a3\u4e2atarget\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0command<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmake\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\uff08\u4efb\u610f\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0ctarget\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eprerequisites\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728command\u4e2d\u3002\u8bf4\u767d\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cprerequisites\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4target\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0ccommand\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fMakefile\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fMakefile\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0cMakefile\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\u4e5f\u8be5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u5475\u5475\u3002\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fMakefile\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5199\u597d\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4ee5\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7ed9\u4f60\u6162\u6162\u5230\u6765\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u591a\u7740\u5462\u3002\uff1a\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>1.2\u00a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u67093\u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u548c8\u4e2aC\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0edit : main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o : main.c defs.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c main.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0kbd.o : kbd.c defs.h command.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c kbd.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0command.o : command.c defs.h command.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c command.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0display.o : display.c defs.h buffer.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c display.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o : insert.c defs.h buffer.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c insert.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0search.o : search.c defs.h buffer.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c search.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0files.o : files.c defs.h buffer.h command.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c files.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0utils.o : utils.c defs.h<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c utils.c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean :<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u53cd\u659c\u6760\uff08\\\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fbf\u4e8eMakefile\u7684\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u201cMakefile\u201d\u6216\u201cmakefile\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u201cmake\u201d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6edit\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5220\u9664\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b\u201cmake clean\u201d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2amakefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08target\uff09\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6edit\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08*.o\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff08prerequisites\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b .c \u6587\u4ef6\u548c .h\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a .o \u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b .o \u6587\u4ef6\u53c8\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 edit \u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2aTab\u952e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0cmake\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ba1\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u7ba1\u6267\u884c\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\u3002make\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83targets\u6587\u4ef6\u548cprerequisites\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u5982\u679cprerequisites\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u8981\u6bd4targets\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u8981\u65b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005target\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u662f\uff0cclean\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684lable\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u5176\u540e\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5728make\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u660e\u663e\u5f97\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2alable\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2amakefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u662f\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6253\u5305\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>1.3 make\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8f93\u5165make\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0 make\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u201cMakefile\u201d\u6216\u201cmakefile\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0 \u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08target\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u201cedit\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u00a0 \u5982\u679cedit\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u662fedit\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u540e\u9762\u7684 .o \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u6bd4edit\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u540e\u9762\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u751f\u6210edit\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0 \u5982\u679cedit\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684.o\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a.o\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u5219\u518d\u6839\u636e\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u6210.o\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0 \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u7684C\u6587\u4ef6\u548cH\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5566\uff0c\u4e8e\u662fmake\u4f1a\u751f\u6210 .o \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7528 .o \u6587\u4ef6\u58f0\u660emake\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6edit\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4e2amake\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u4e00\u5c42\u53c8\u4e00\u5c42\u5730\u53bb\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u627e\u5bfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0cmake\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7406\u3002make\u53ea\u7ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6211\u627e\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5566\u3002<\/pre>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u50cfclean\u8fd9\u79cd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u8981make\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5373\u547d\u4ee4\u2014\u2014\u201cmake clean\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5df2\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982file.c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807file.o\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f9d\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\u9762\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662ffile.o\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5566\uff0c\u4e8e\u662ffile.o\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u6bd4edit\u8981\u65b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5edit\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u94fe\u63a5\u4e86\uff08\u8be6\u89c1edit\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u201ccommand.h\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0ckdb.o\u3001command.o\u548cfiles.o\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0cedit\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    <\/a>1.4 makefile\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770bedit\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0edit : main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o<\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u52a0\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5728clean\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u52a0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7d2f\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679cmakefile\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5fd8\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86makefile\u7684\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5728makefile\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3002makefile\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6210C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ebobjects, OBJECTS, objs, OBJS, obj, \u6216\u662f OBJ\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5566\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793aobj\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728makefile\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects = main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o<\/p>\n
    \u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u4e2d\u4ee5\u201c$(objects)\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6539\u826f\u7248makefile\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects = main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.osearch.o files.o utils.o\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0edit : $(objects)\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o edit $(objects)\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o : main.c defs.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c main.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0kbd.o : kbd.c defs.h command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c kbd.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0command.o : command.c defs.h command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c command.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0display.o : display.c defs.h buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c display.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o : insert.c defs.h buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c insert.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0search.o : search.c defs.h buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c search.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0files.o : files.c defs.h buffer.h command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c files.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0utils.o : utils.c defs.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c utils.c\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean :\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm edit $(objects)<\/pre>\n
    \u4e8e\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u65b0\u7684 .o \u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b objects \u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e00\u9053\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    <\/a>1.5\u00a0\u8ba9make\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    GNU\u7684make\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u53bb\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u90fd\u5199\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u5df1\u63a8\u5bfc\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u53ea\u8981make\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u628a[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679cmake\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2awhatever.o\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48whatever.c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u662fwhatever.o\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5e76\u4e14 cc -c whatever.c \u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u5199\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u7684makefile\u53c8\u51fa\u7089\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects = main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0edit : $(objects)\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o edit $(objects)\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o : defs.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0kbd.o : defs.h command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0command.o : defs.h command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0display.o : defs.h buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o : defs.h buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0search.o : defs.h buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0files.o : defs.h buffer.h command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0utils.o : defs.h\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY : clean\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean :\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm edit $(objects)<\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmake\u7684\u201c\u9690\u6666\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c.PHONY\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff0cclean\u662f\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u201c\u9690\u6666\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e00\u9053\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    <\/a>1.6\u00a0\u53e6\u7c7b\u98ce\u683c\u7684makefile<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5373\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u5806[.o]\u548c[.h]\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u723d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u7684[.h]\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5176\u6536\u62e2\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e8emake\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u8c01\u53eb\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5462\uff1f\u6765\u770b\u770b\u6700\u65b0\u98ce\u683c\u7684makefile\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects = main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \\\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0insert.o search.o files.o utils.o\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0edit : $(objects)\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o edit $(objects)\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(objects) : defs.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0kbd.o command.o files.o : command.h\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0display.o insert.o search.o files.o : buffer.h\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY : clean\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean :\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm edit $(objects)<\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u51cc\u4e71\u4e86\u3002\u9c7c\u548c\u718a\u638c\u4e0d\u53ef\u517c\u5f97\u3002\u8fd8\u770b\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u591a\uff0c\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684.o\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u7406\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    <\/a>1.7\u00a0\u6e05\u7a7a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u4e2aMakefile\u4e2d\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u7a7a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.o\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5229\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4fee\u517b\u201d\uff08\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u7684\u300a\u7f16\u7a0b\u4fee\u517b\u300b\u5417\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u90fd\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean:<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm edit $(objects)<\/p>\n
    \u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY : clean<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean :<\/p>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-rm edit $(objects)<\/p>\n
    \u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c.PHONY\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793aclean\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u3002\u800c\u5728rm\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u51cf\u53f7\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u7ba1\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0cclean\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210make\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u7684\u89c4\u77e9\u662f\u2014\u2014\u201cclean\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4e0a\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amakefile\u7684\u6982\u8c8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fmakefile\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591amakefile\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5c31\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    <\/a>2 Makefile\u00a0\u603b\u8ff0<\/strong><\/h1>\n
    <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
    <\/a>2.1 Makefile\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    Makefile\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u663e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u9690\u6666\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u793a\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u663e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u663e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u7684\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531Makefile\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u8005\u660e\u663e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. \u9690\u6666\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9690\u6666\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c97\u7cd9\u5730\u7b80\u7565\u5730\u4e66\u5199Makefile\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531make\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
      2. \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u70b9\u4f60C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\uff0c\u5f53Makefile\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n
      3. \u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u793a\u3002\u5176\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684include\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6307\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u6307\u5b9aMakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1#if\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. \u00a0\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002Makefile\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u548cUNIX\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u6ce8\u91ca\u662f\u7528\u201c#\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u50cfC\/C++\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\/\/\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u4f60\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c#\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6846\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\\#\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4ee5[Tab]\u952e\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>2.2Makefile\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cmake\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u201cGNUmakefile\u201d\u3001\u201cmakefile\u201d\u3001\u201cMakefile\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u201cMakefile\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u663e\u76ee\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u201cGNUmakefile\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662fGNU\u7684make\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u3002\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9bmake\u53ea\u5bf9\u5168\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u201cmakefile\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684make\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u201cmakefile\u201d\u548c\u201cMakefile\u201d<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u4e66\u5199Makefile\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u201cMake.Linux\u201d\uff0c\u201cMake.Solaris\u201d\uff0c\u201cMake.AIX\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684Makefile\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u201c-f\u201d\u548c\u201c–file\u201d\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\uff1amake -f Make.Linux\u6216make –file Make.AIX\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>2.3\u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u7684Makefile<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5728Makefile\u4f7f\u7528include\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u522b\u7684Makefile\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u50cfC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684#include\uff0c\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u539f\u6a21\u539f\u6837\u7684\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002include\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
           include<filename><\/strong><\/p>\n
          filename\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfShell\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u542b\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff09\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
          \u5728include\u524d\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f[Tab]\u952e\u5f00\u59cb\u3002include\u548c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u51e0\u4e2aMakefile\uff1aa.mk\u3001b.mk\u3001c.mk\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ebfoo.make\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf$(bar)\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e86e.mk\u548cf.mk\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0include foo.make *.mk $(bar)<\/p>\n
          \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0include foo.make a.mk b.mk c.mk e.mk f.mk<\/p>\n
          make\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u627e\u5bfbinclude\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5176\u5b83Makefile\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cfC\/C++\u7684#include\u6307\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9996\u5148\u5bfb\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1.\u5982\u679cmake\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u201c-I\u201d\u6216\u201c--include-dir\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u3002<\/pre>\n
          2.\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\/include\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\uff1a\/usr\/local\/bin\u6216\/usr\/include\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cmake\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53bb\u627e\u3002\r\n<\/pre>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8f7d\u5165\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b8c\u6210makefile\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u518d\u91cd\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\uff0cmake\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6761\u81f4\u547d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8ba9make\u4e0d\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728include\u524d\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u51cf\u53f7\u201c-\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          -include<filename><\/p>\n
          \u5176\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bbainclude\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u62a5\u9519\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7248\u672cmake\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u662fsinclude\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>2.4\u00a0\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0MAKEFILES<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfMAKEFILES\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8einclude\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u7684Makefile\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u548cinclude\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684Makefile\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0cmake\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528make\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684Makefile\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u7684Makefile\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u602a\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/p>\n
          <\/a>2.5 make\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
          GNU\u7684make\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5165\u4e0b\uff1a\uff08\u60f3\u6765\u5176\u5b83\u7684make\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n
          1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8bfb\u5165\u6240\u6709\u7684Makefile\u3002<\/p>\n
          2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8bfb\u5165\u88abinclude\u7684\u5176\u5b83Makefile\u3002<\/p>\n
          3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
          4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u63a8\u5bfc\u9690\u6666\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n
          6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6839\u636e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
          7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          1-5\u6b65\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c6-7\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u628a\u5176\u5c55\u5f00\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46make\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0cmake\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u62d6\u5ef6\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec5\u5f53\u8fd9\u6761\u4f9d\u8d56\u88ab\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u624d\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f60\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9make\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3 Makefile\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u00a0\u89c4\u5219\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0cMakefile\u4e2d\u53ea\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u8fde\u5e26\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8ba9make\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c06\u88ab\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002make\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.1\u00a0\u89c4\u5219\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
          \u00a0foo.o: foo.c defs.h\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # foo\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -c -g foo.c<\/p>\n
          \u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5404\u4f4d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u964c\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e5f\u5df2\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0cfoo.o\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0cfoo.c\u548cdefs.h\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u201ccc -c -g foo.c\u201d\uff08\u4ee5Tab\u952e\u5f00\u5934\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0cfoo.o\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8efoo.c\u548cdefs.h\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679cfoo.c\u548cdefs.h\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65e5\u671f\u8981\u6bd4foo.o\u6587\u4ef6\u65e5\u671f\u8981\u65b0\uff0c\u6216\u662ffoo.o\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
          2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6210\uff08\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\uff09foo.o\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2acc\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210foo.o\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u5f53\u7136foo.c\u6587\u4ef6include\u4e86defs.h\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.2\u00a0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0targets : prerequisites<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0command<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0…<\/p>\n
          \u6216\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0targets : prerequisites ; command<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0command<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0…<\/p>\n
          targets\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          command\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e0d\u4e0e\u201ctarget:prerequisites\u201d\u5728\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5[Tab\u952e]\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u548cprerequisites\u5728\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u505a\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\uff09<\/p>\n
          prerequisites\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u6bd4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u65b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6846\uff08\u2018\\\u2019\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002make\u5bf9\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u544a\u8bc9make\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u4ee5UNIX\u7684\u6807\u51c6Shell\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\/bin\/sh\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.3\u00a0\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5c31\u60f3\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002make\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u5404\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff1a\u201c*\u201d\uff0c\u201c?\u201d\u548c\u201c[…]\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u548cUnix\u7684B-Shell\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          “~”<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff08\u201c~\u201d\uff09\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u201c~\/test\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684$HOME\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684test\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u800c\u201c~hchen\/test\u201d\u5219\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237hchen\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684test\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662fUnix\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e86\uff0cmake\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\uff09\u800c\u5728Windows\u6216\u662fMS-DOS\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\u6240\u6307\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u6839\u636e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u201cHOME\u201d\u800c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
          “*”<\/strong>
          \n\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u4f60\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u201c*.c\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u7f00\u4e3ac\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u6709\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c*\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u201c\\\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u201c\\*\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c*\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u597d\u5427\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6765\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5427\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm -f *.o<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u4e0d\u4e0d\u591a\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfShell\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0print: *.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0lpr -p $?<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0touch print<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807print\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c$?\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7ed9\u4f60\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects = *.o<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u901a\u7b26\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4[*.o]\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0d\uff01objects\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201c*.o\u201d\u3002Makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fC\/C++\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u8ba9\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9objects\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6240\u6709[.o]\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects := $(wildcard *.o)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u7531\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u201cwildcard\u201d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5173\u4e8eMakefile\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.4\u00a0\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u5bfb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53make\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u627e\u5bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u544a\u8bc9make\uff0c\u8ba9make\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n
          Makefile\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\u201cVPATH\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cmake\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u53bb\u627e\u5bfb\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5230\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u53bb\u627e\u5bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0VPATH = src:..\/headers<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6307\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u201csrc\u201d\u548c\u201c..\/headers\u201d\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u201c\u5192\u53f7\u201d\u5206\u9694\u3002\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u201cvpath\u201d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5168\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amake\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e2aVPATH\u53d8\u91cf\u5f88\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath < pattern> < directories> \u00a0 \u00a0\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f< pattern>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55<directories>\u3002<\/p>\n
          2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath < pattern> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6e05\u9664\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f< pattern>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
          3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
          vapth\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684< pattern>\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u201c%\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u201c%\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5339\u914d\u96f6\u6216\u82e5\u5e72\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c%.h\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201c.h\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002< pattern>\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\uff0c\u800c< directories>\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath %.h ..\/headers<\/p>\n
          \u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42make\u5728\u201c..\/headers\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201c.h\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8bdd\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u4f7f\u7528vpath\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u7eed\u7684vpath\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684< pattern>\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u7684< pattern>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u6309\u7167vpath\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath %.c foo<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath %\u00a0\u00a0 blish<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath %.c bar<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u8868\u793a\u201c.c\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u201cfoo\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u201cblish\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u201cbar\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath %.c foo:bar<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0vpath %\u00a0\u00a0 blish<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5219\u8868\u793a\u201c.c\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u201cfoo\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u201cbar\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u624d\u662f\u201cblish\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.5\u00a0\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u6700\u65e9\u5148\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cclean\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm *.o temp<\/p>\n
          \u6b63\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u201cclean\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5373\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u4ee5\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u800c\u7528\u3002 \uff08\u4ee5\u201cmake clean\u201d\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u751f\u6210\u201cclean\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5make\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u793a\u5730\u6307\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u5176\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u7684\u53d6\u540d\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u91cd\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5176\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u540d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u201c.PHONY\u201d\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5730\u6307\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5411make\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY : clean<\/p>\n
          \u53ea\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u201cclean\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u201cclean\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u201cmake clean\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY: clean<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0clean:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm *.o temp<\/p>\n
          \u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u822c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684Makefile\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u751f\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6572\u4e00\u4e2amake\u5b8c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0all : prog1 prog2 prog3<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY : all<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0prog1 : prog1.o utils.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o prog1 prog1.o utils.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0prog2 : prog2.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o prog2 prog2.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0prog3 : prog3.o sort.o utils.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -o prog3 prog3.o sort.o utils.o<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0cMakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201call\u201d\u7684\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u5982\u201call\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u65b0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u51b3\u8bae\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201c.PHONY : all\u201d\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u201call\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u968f\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.PHONY: cleanall cleanobj cleandiff<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cleanall : cleanobj cleandiff<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm program<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cleanobj :<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm *.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cleandiff :<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm *.diff<\/p>\n
          \u201cmakeclean\u201d\u5c06\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u8981\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u201ccleanobj\u201d\u548c\u201ccleandiff\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u201c\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u201cmakecleanall\u201d\u548c\u201cmake cleanobj\u201d\u548c\u201cmakecleandiff\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u6e05\u9664\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.6\u00a0\u591a\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          Makefile\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u652f\u6301\u591a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u540c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u4f53\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u5176\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53ef\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u597d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u201c$@\u201d\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u7740\u76ee\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0bigoutput littleoutput : text.g<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0generate text.g -$(subst output,,$@) > $@<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0bigoutput : text.g<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0generate text.g -big > bigoutput<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0littleoutput : text.g<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0generate text.g -little > littleoutput<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c-$(subst output,,$@)\u4e2d\u7684\u201c$\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4e3asubst\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u622a\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u201c$@\u201d\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u201c$@\u201d\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.7\u00a0\u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u6709\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
          <targets…>: <target-pattern>: <prereq-patterns …><\/p>\n
          \u3000\u3000\u3000<commands><\/p>\n
          …<\/p>\n
          targets\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
          target-parrtern\u662f\u6307\u660e\u4e86targets\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
          prereq-parrterns\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9target-parrtern\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684<target-parrtern>\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u201c%.o\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u201c.o\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684<prereq-parrterns>\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u201c%.c\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5bf9<target-parrtern>\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u53d6<target-parrtern>\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u201c%\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u4e86[.o]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u52a0\u4e0a[.c]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u201c%\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u6709\u201c%\u201d\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u201c\\\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u6765\u6807\u660e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c%\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0objects = foo.o bar.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0all: $(objects)<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(objects): %.o: %.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ece$object\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u201c%.o\u201d\u8868\u660e\u8981\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201c.o\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cfoo.o bar.o\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u91cf$object\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u5f0f\u201c%.c\u201d\u5219\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\u201c%.o\u201d\u7684\u201c%\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cfoobar\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u52a0\u4e0b\u201c.c\u201d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u201cfoo.cbar.c\u201d\u3002\u800c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c$<\u201d\u548c\u201c$@\u201d\u5219\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u201c$<\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cfoo.c bar.c\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u201c$@\u201d\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u96c6\uff08\u4e5f\u892a\u6070\u7674oo.o bar.o\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5c55\u5f00\u540e\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0foo.o : foo.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) foo.c -o foo.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0bar.o : bar.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) bar.c -o bar.o<\/p>\n
          \u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c%.o\u201d\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u5b8c\u4e00\u5806\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4e86\u3002\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5f88\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0files = foo.elc bar.o lose.o<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(filter %.o,$(files)): %.o: %.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(filter %.elc,$(files)): %.elc: %.el<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0emacs -f batch-byte-compile $<<\/p>\n
          $(filter%.o,$(files))\u8868\u793a\u8c03\u7528Makefile\u7684filter\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u201c$filter\u201d\u96c6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201c%.o\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5176\u7684\u5b83\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u591a\u8bf4\u4e86\u5427\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b57\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Makefile\u4e2d\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>3.8\u00a0\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5728Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684main.c\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u201c#include “defs.h”\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o : main.c defs.h<\/p>\n
          \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9700\u6e05\u695a\u54ea\u4e9bC\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u4fee\u6539Makefile\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6ca1\u6709\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7e41\u91cd\u800c\u53c8\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684C\/C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c-M\u201d\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u52a8\u627e\u5bfb\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cc -M main.c<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o : main.c defs.h<\/p>\n
          \u4e8e\u662f\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u624b\u52a8\u4e66\u5199\u82e5\u5e72\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u53e5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528GNU\u7684C\/C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u7528\u201c-MM\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u201c-M\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
          gcc-M main.c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o: main.c defs.h \/usr\/include\/stdio.h \/usr\/include\/features.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/include\/sys\/cdefs.h \/usr\/include\/gnu\/stubs.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/lib\/gcc-lib\/i486-suse-linux\/2.95.3\/include\/stddef.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/include\/bits\/types.h \/usr\/include\/bits\/pthreadtypes.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/include\/bits\/sched.h \/usr\/include\/libio.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/include\/_G_config.h \/usr\/include\/wchar.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/include\/bits\/wchar.h \/usr\/include\/gconv.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/lib\/gcc-lib\/i486-suse-linux\/2.95.3\/include\/stdarg.h \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/usr\/include\/bits\/stdio_lim.h<\/p>\n
          gcc-MM main.c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5219\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o: main.c defs.h<\/p>\n
          \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5462\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u4e5f\u8981\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8ba9Makefile\u81ea\u5df2\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u8fc2\u56de\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002GNU\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cname.c\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cname.d\u201d\u7684Makefile\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c31\u5b58\u653e\u5bf9\u5e94[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u51fa[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u548c[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9make\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u81ea\u6210[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5176\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3bMakefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u751f\u6210\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u4ea7\u751f[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0%.d: %.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0@set -e; rm -f $@; \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(CC) -M $(CPPFLAGS) $< > $@.<\/p>\n
          <\/div>\n
          ; \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sed ‘s,$<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2217<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\\.o[ :]*,\\1.o $@ : ,g’ < $@.<\/p>\n
          <\/div>\n
          > $@; \\<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0rm -f $@.<\/p>\n
          <\/div>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u201crm-f $@\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u201c$<\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u201c$@\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u201c%.d\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aC\u6587\u4ef6\u662fname.c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c%\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201cname\u201d\uff0c\u201c<\/p>\n
          <\/div>\n
          \u201d\u610f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201cname.d.12345\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u4f7f\u7528sed\u547d\u4ee4\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5173\u4e8esed\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u6863\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u5220\u9664\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o : main.c defs.h<\/p>\n
          \u8f6c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0main.o main.d : main.c defs.h<\/p>\n
          \u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e00\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u8d56\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u653e\u8fdb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3bMakefile\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Makefile\u7684\u201cinclude\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6765\u5f15\u5165\u522b\u7684Makefile\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sources = foo.c bar.c<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0include $(sources:.c=.d)<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c$(sources:.c=.d)\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c.c=.d\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u628a\u53d8\u91cf$(sources)\u6240\u6709[.c]\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u90fd\u66ff\u6362\u6210[.d]\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u66ff\u6362\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3ainclude\u662f\u6309\u6b21\u6765\u8f7d\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u8f7d\u5165\u7684[.d]\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>4 Makefile\u00a0\u4e66\u5199\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfShell\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002make\u4f1a\u4e00\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u6761\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5[Tab]\u952e\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u9664\u975e\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u89c4\u5219\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u540e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u662f\u7a7a\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u7a7a\u884c\u662f\u4ee5Tab\u952e\u5f00\u5934\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u5728UNIX\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Shell\uff0c\u4f46\u662fmake\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u88ab\u201c\/bin\/sh\u201d\u2014\u2014UNIX\u7684\u6807\u51c6Shell\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u7279\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5176\u5b83\u7684Shell\u3002Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c#\u201d\u662f\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\uff0c\u5f88\u50cfC\/C++\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\/\/\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u672c\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u88ab\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>4.1\u00a0\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u901a\u5e38\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u628a\u5176\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u524d\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u201c@\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4e0d\u88abmake\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u50cf\u5c4f\u5e55\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0@echo \u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1XXX\u6a21\u5757……<\/p>\n
          \u5f53make\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1XXX\u6a21\u5757……\u201d\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c@\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0echo \u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1XXX\u6a21\u5757……<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1XXX\u6a21\u5757……<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679cmake\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e26\u5165make\u53c2\u6570\u201c-n\u201d\u6216\u201c–just-print\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u53ea\u662f\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u8bd5\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u6267\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u6216\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u800cmake\u53c2\u6570\u201c-s\u201d\u6216\u201c–slient\u201d\u5219\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>4.2\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5f53\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u65b0\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u4e00\u6761\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u8ba9\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u662fcd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5f97\u5728cd\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5728\u4e24\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0exec:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cd \/home\/hchen<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0pwd<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0exec:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cd \/home\/hchen; pwd<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u201cmake exec\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684cd\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\uff0cpwd\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7684Makefile\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ccd\u5c31\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\uff0cpwd\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u201c\/home\/hchen\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          make\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfSHELL\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7cfb\u7edfShell\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528UNIX\u7684\u6807\u51c6Shell\u2014\u2014\/bin\/sh\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f46\u5728MS-DOS\u4e0b\u6709\u70b9\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aMS-DOS\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709SHELL\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86UNIX\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u5728SHELL\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u627e\u5bfb\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76d8\u7b26\u4e2d\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u5728PATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002MS-DOS\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u52a0\u4e0a\u8bf8\u5982\u201c.exe\u201d\u3001\u201c.com\u201d\u3001\u201c.bat\u201d\u3001\u201c.sh\u201d\u7b49\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>4.3\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u51fa\u9519<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5f53\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff08\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u975e\u96f6\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u51fa\u9519\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982mkdir\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48mkdir\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e07\u4e8b\u5927\u5409\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mkdir\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671bmkdir\u51fa\u9519\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Makefile\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u524d\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u51cf\u53f7\u201c-\u201d\uff08\u5728Tab\u952e\u4e4b\u540e\uff09\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u547d\u4ee4\u51fa\u4e0d\u51fa\u9519\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0clean:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0-rm -f *.o<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u7ed9make\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c-i\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c–ignore-errors\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cMakefile\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u201c.IGNORE\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u9632\u6b62\u547d\u4ee4\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u559c\u6b22\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684make\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u662f\u201c-k\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c–keep-going\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u7ec8\u76ee\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u5b83\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>4.4\u00a0\u5d4c\u5957\u6267\u884cmake<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e66\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u7684Makefile\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5730\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5168\u90e8\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5f88\u96be\u7ef4\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u5757\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u5206\u6bb5\u7f16\u8bd1\u6709\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002
          \n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u53ebsubdir\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u4e2aMakefile\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u63a7\u7684Makefile\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4e66\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0subsystem:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cd subdir && $(MAKE)<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0subsystem:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(MAKE) -C subdir<\/p>\n
          \u5b9a\u4e49$(MAKE)\u5b8f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5229\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u610f\u601d\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u201csubdir\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884cmake\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2aMakefile\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u603b\u63a7Makefile\u201d\uff0c\u603b\u63a7Makefile\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u7ea7\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u663e\u793a\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c-e\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u5230\u4e0b\u7ea7Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          export<variable …><\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u7ea7Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u58f0\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          unexport<variable …><\/p>\n
          \u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0export variable = value<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0variable = value<\/p>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 export variable<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0export variable := value<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0variable := value<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0export variable<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0export variable += value<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0variable += value<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0export variable<\/p>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2aexport\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u9762\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u8ddf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fSHELL\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fMAKEFLAGS\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u5426export\uff0c\u5176\u603b\u662f\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u5c42Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fMAKEFILES\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86make\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u201c\u603b\u63a7Makefile\u201d\u65f6\u6709make\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42Makefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48MAKEFILES\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u5c42Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f46\u662fmake\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f80\u4e0b\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c-C\u201d,\u201c-f\u201d,\u201c-h\u201d\u201c-o\u201d\u548c\u201c-W\u201d\uff08\u6709\u5173Makefile\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f80\u4e0b\u5c42\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0subsystem:<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cd subdir && $(MAKE) MAKEFLAGS=<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfMAKEFLAGS\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5f97\u786e\u4fe1\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u201c-t\u201d,\u201c-n\u201d,\u548c\u201c-q\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u8ba9\u4f60\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u5f02\u5e38\u5730\u6050\u614c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u201c\u5d4c\u5957\u6267\u884c\u201d\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u201c-w\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c–print-directory\u201d\u4f1a\u5728make\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0b\u7ea7make\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u201c\/home\/hchen\/gnu\/make\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u201cmake -w\u201d\u6765\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0make: Entering directory `\/home\/hchen\/gnu\/make’.<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0b\u5c42make\u540e\u79bb\u5f00\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0make: Leaving directory `\/home\/hchen\/gnu\/make’<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u201c-C\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9amake\u4e0b\u5c42Makefile\u65f6\uff0c\u201c-w\u201d\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6709\u201c-s\u201d\uff08\u201c–slient\u201d\uff09\u6216\u662f\u201c–no-print-directory\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u201c-w\u201d\u603b\u662f\u5931\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>4.5\u00a0\u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u5305<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5982\u679cMakefile\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ee5\u201cdefine\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u201cendef\u201d\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0define run-yacc<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0yacc $(firstword $^)<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mv y.tab.c $@<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0endef<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201crun-yacc\u201d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u8981\u548cMakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u91cd\u540d\u3002\u5728\u201cdefine\u201d\u548c\u201cendef\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u8fd0\u884cYacc\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aYacc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u603b\u662f\u751f\u6210\u201cy.tab.c\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6539\u6539\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd8\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0foo.c : foo.y<\/p>\n
          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$(run-yacc)<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u201crun-yacc\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c$^\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201cfoo.y\u201d\uff0c\u201c$@\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201cfoo.c\u201d\uff08\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u201c$\u201d\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0cmake\u5728\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n
          \u5728 Makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662fC\/C++\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5176\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u539f\u6a21\u539f\u6837\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u5728\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5176\u4e0eC\/C++\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u6216\u662f Makefile\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u547d\u540d\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u542b\u6709\u201c:\u201d\u3001\u201c#\u201d\u3001\u201c=\u201d\u6216\u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u56de\u8f66\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u201cfoo\u201d\u3001\u201cFoo\u201d\u548c\u201cFOO\u201d\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684Makefile\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u662f\u5168\u5927\u5199\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u642d\u914d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5982\uff1aMakeFlags\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u610f\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u5982\u201c$<\u201d\u3001\u201c$@\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e00\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n
          \u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u4e88\u521d\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c$\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u597d\u7528\u5c0f\u62ec\u53f7\u201c\uff08\uff09\u201d\u6216\u662f\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u201c{}\u201d\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed9\u5305\u62ec\u8d77\u6765<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c$\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7528\u201c$$\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d\u3001\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          objects = program.o foo.o utils.o
          \nprogram : $(objects)
          \ncc -o program $(objects)<\/p>\n
          $(objects) : defs.h<\/p>\n
          \u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfC\/C++\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo = c
          \nprog.o : prog.$(foo)
          \n$(foo)$(foo) -$(foo) prog.$(foo)<\/p>\n
          \u5c55\u5f00\u540e\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n
          prog.o : prog.c
          \ncc -c prog.c<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u4f60\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5e72\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8868\u660eMakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5904\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u66ff\u4ee3\u201d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u4e0a\u62ec\u53f7\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u4e0a\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u4e0a\u62ec\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e8c\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6784\u9020\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5728\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5148\u770b\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u201c=\u201d\u53f7\uff0c\u5728\u201c=\u201d\u5de6\u4fa7\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u8981\u662f\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d
          \n\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo = $(bar)
          \nbar = $(ugh)
          \nugh = Huh?<\/p>\n
          all:
          \necho $(foo)<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u201cmake all\u201d\u5c06\u4f1a\u6253\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf$(foo)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cHuh?\u201d\uff08 $(foo)\u7684\u503c\u662f$(bar)\uff0c$(bar)\u7684\u503c\u662f$(ugh)\uff0c$(ugh)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cHuh?\u201d\uff09\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u503c\u63a8\u5230\u540e\u9762\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          CFLAGS = $(include_dirs) -O
          \ninclude_dirs = -Ifoo -Ibar<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u662f\u201c-Ifoo -Ibar -O\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9
          \n\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -O<\/p>\n
          \u6216\uff1a<\/p>\n
          A = $(B)
          \nB = $(A)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9make\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u662f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2amake\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u201cwildcard\u201d\u548c\u201cshell\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528make\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c:=\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          x := foo
          \ny := $(x) bar
          \nx := later<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          y := foo bar
          \nx := later<\/p>\n
          \u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
          y := $(x) bar
          \nx := foo<\/p>\n
          \u90a3\u4e48\uff0cy\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cbar\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201cfoo bar\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86make\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u201cMAKELEVEL\u201d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifeq (0,${MAKELEVEL})
          \ncur-dir := $(shell pwd)
          \nwhoami := $(shell whoami)
          \nhost-type := $(shell arch)
          \nMAKE := ${MAKE} host-type=${host-type} whoami=${whoami}
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u5173\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u540e\u9762\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u201cMAKELEVEL\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684make\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5957\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762\u7684\u201c\u5d4c\u5957\u4f7f\u7528make\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f53\u524dMakefile\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\uff1a<\/p>\n
          nullstring :=
          \nspace := $(nullstring) # end of the line<\/p>\n
          nullstring \u662f\u4e00\u4e2aEmpty\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684space\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5f88\u7ba1\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a Empty\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6807\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u9762\u91c7\u7528\u201c#\u201d\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u6765\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u5176\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u201c#\u201d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u201c#\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
          dir := \/foo\/bar # directory to put the frobs in<\/p>\n
          dir\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201c\/foo\/bar\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u8ddf\u4e864\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u522b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u2014\u2014\u201c$(dir)\/file\u201d\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5b8c\u86cb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f\u201c?=\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u770b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          FOO ?= bar<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679cFOO\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d8\u91cfFOO\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201cbar\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679cFOO\u5148\u524d\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u5c06\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifeq ($(origin FOO), undefined)
          \nFOO = bar
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e09\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u201c$(var:a=b)\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c${var:a=b}\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u201cvar\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201ca\u201d\u5b57\u4e32\u201c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u201d\u7684\u201ca\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u201cb\u201d\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u201d\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u683c\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u662f\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5427\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo := a.o b.o c.o
          \nbar := $(foo:.o=.c)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c$(foo)\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u628a\u201c$(foo)\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201c.o\u201d\u5b57\u4e32\u201c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u201d\u5168\u90e8\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u201c.c\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c$(bar)\u201d\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201ca.c b.c c.c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo := a.o b.o c.o
          \nbar := $(foo:%.o=%.c)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c%\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u540c\u6837\u8ba9$(bar)\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u201ca.c b.c c.c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u518d\u5f53\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          x = y
          \ny = z
          \na := $($(x))<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c$(x)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cy\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5$($(x))\u5c31\u662f$(y)\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f$(a)\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201cz\u201d\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u201cx=y\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201cx=$(y)\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a<\/p>\n
          x = y
          \ny = z
          \nz = u
          \na := $($($(x)))<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684$(a)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cu\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u7559\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u505a\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u201c\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          x = $(y)
          \ny = z
          \nz = Hello
          \na := $($(x))<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684$($(x))\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e86$($(y))\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a$(y)\u503c\u662f\u201cz\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1aa:=$(z)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cHello\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u518d\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
          x = variable1
          \nvariable2 := Hello
          \ny = $(subst 1,2,$(x))
          \nz = y
          \na := $($($(z)))<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c$($($(z)))\u201d\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u201c$($(y))\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u201c$($(subst 1,2,$(x)))\u201d\u3002$(x)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cvariable1\u201d\uff0csubst\u51fd\u6570\u628a\u201cvariable1\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u201c1\u201d\u5b57\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u201c2\u201d\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u201cvariable1\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u201cvariable2\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u53d6\u5176\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c$(a)\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f$(variable2)\u7684\u503c\u2014\u2014 \u201cHello\u201d\u3002\uff08\u5594\uff0c\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u53d6\u5176\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n
          first_second = Hello
          \na = first
          \nb = second
          \nall = $($a_$b)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c$a_$b\u201d\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u201cfirst_second\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c$(all)\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201cHello\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u7ed3\u5408\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          a_objects := a.o b.o c.o
          \n1_objects := 1.o 2.o 3.o<\/p>\n
          sources := $($(a1)_objects:.o=.c)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c$(a1)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201ca\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c$(sources)\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201ca.c b.c c.c\u201d\uff1b\u5982\u679c$(a1)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201c1\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48$(sources)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201c1.c 2.c 3.c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u548c\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u201d\u4e00\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifdef do_sort
          \nfunc := sort
          \nelse
          \nfunc := strip
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          bar := a d b g q c<\/p>\n
          foo := $($(func) $(bar))<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201cdo_sort\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff1afoo := $(sort a d b g q c)\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f$(foo)\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201ca b c d g q\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u201cdo_sort\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff1afoo := $(sort a d bg q c)\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662fstrip\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u518d\u5f53\u6210\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
          dir = foo
          \n$(dir)_sources := $(wildcard $(dir)\/*.c)
          \ndefine $(dir)_print
          \nlpr $($(dir)_sources)
          \nendef<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u201cdir\u201d\uff0c\u201cfoo_sources\u201d\u548c\u201cfoo_print\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u56db\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u53d8\u91cf\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c+=\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8ffd\u52a0\u503c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          objects = main.o foo.o bar.o utils.o
          \nobjects += another.o<\/p>\n
          \u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684$(objects)\u503c\u53d8\u6210\uff1a\u201cmain.o foo.o bar.o utils.o another.o\u201d\uff08another.o\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\u4e86\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u201c+=\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4e3a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          objects = main.o foo.o bar.o utils.o
          \nobjects := $(objects) another.o<\/p>\n
          \u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u201c+=\u201d\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u201c+=\u201d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u6210\u201c=\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c+=\u201d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e8e\u524d\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u662f\u201c:=\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c+=\u201d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c:=\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          variable := value
          \nvariable += more<\/p>\n
          \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          variable := value
          \nvariable := $(variable) more<\/p>\n
          \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n
          variable = value
          \nvariable += more<\/p>\n
          \u7531\u4e8e\u524d\u6b21\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u7b26\u662f\u201c=\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c+=\u201d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c=\u201d\u6765\u505a\u4e3a\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c82\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9012\u8865\u5f52\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5make\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e94\u3001override \u6307\u793a\u7b26<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u901a\u5e38make\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Makefile\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201coverride\u201d\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          override <variable> = <value>
          \noverride <variable> := <value><\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n
          override <variable> += <more text><\/p>\n
          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u884c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528define\u6307\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u5728define\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ovveride\u6307\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          override define foo
          \nbar
          \nendef<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u516d\u3001\u591a\u884c\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528define\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u4f7f\u7528define\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8fc7\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u201d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          define \u6307\u793a\u7b26\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7684\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u8d77\u4e00\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u4ee5endef\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u201c=\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u4ee5[Tab]\u952e\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528define\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5[Tab]\u952e\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86define\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
          define two-lines
          \necho foo
          \necho $(bar)
          \nendef<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e03\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          make \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728make\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u88ab\u8f7d\u5165\u5230Makefile\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679cMakefile\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7531make\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5e26\u5165\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679cmake\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c-e\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u8986\u76d6Makefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u53c2\u6570\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5982\u679cMakefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86CFLAGS\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6027\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5f53make\u5d4c\u5957\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762\u7684\u201c\u5d4c\u5957\u8c03\u7528\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42Makefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u800c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5411\u4e0b\u5c42 Makefile\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528exprot\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u628a\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u7528\u7684Makefile\u65f6\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u516b\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u201c$<\u201d\u7b49\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u91cf\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u6837\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cTarget-specific Variable\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u540c\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u53ea\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fde\u5e26\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u503c\u4e5f\u53ea\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6709\u6548\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          <target …> : <variable-assignment><\/p>\n
          <target …> : overide <variable-assignment><\/p>\n
          <variable-assignment>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8d4b\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u201c=\u201d\u3001\u201c:=\u201d\u3001\u201c+=\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c\uff1f=\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8emake\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5e26\u5165\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u4f5c\u7528\u5230\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          prog : CFLAGS = -g
          \nprog : prog.o foo.o bar.o
          \n$(CC) $(CFLAGS) prog.o foo.o bar.o<\/p>\n
          prog.o : prog.c
          \n$(CC) $(CFLAGS) prog.c<\/p>\n
          foo.o : foo.c
          \n$(CC) $(CFLAGS) foo.c<\/p>\n
          bar.o : bar.c
          \n$(CC) $(CFLAGS) bar.c<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5168\u5c40\u7684$(CFLAGS)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5728prog\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff08prog.o foo.o bar.o\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c$(CFLAGS)\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u201c-g\u201d<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e5d\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5728GNU\u7684make\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Pattern-specific Variable\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0cmake\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c%\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u4ee5[.o]\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
          %.o : CFLAGS = -O<\/p>\n
          \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
          <pattern …> : <variable-assignment><\/p>\n
          <pattern …> : override <variable-assignment><\/p>\n
          override\u540c\u6837\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u662fmake\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad
          \n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9make\u6839\u636e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5206\u652f\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u3001\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5224\u65ad$(CC)\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u201cgcc\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528GNU\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          libs_for_gcc = -lgnu
          \nnormal_libs =<\/p>\n
          foo: $(objects)
          \nifeq ($(CC),gcc)
          \n$(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(libs_for_gcc)
          \nelse
          \n$(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(normal_libs)
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u201cfoo\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u201c$(CC)\u201d\u503c\u6765\u9009\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6765\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1aifeq\u3001else\u548cendif\u3002ifeq\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u3002else\u8868\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002endif\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53d8\u91cf$(CC)\u503c\u662f\u201cgcc\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u6807foo\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo: $(objects)
          \n$(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(libs_for_gcc)<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53d8\u91cf$(CC)\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u201cgcc\u201d\u65f6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u201ccc\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u6807foo\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo: $(objects)
          \n$(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(normal_libs)<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5199\u5f97\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          libs_for_gcc = -lgnu
          \nnormal_libs =<\/p>\n
          ifeq ($(CC),gcc)
          \nlibs=$(libs_for_gcc)
          \nelse
          \nlibs=$(normal_libs)
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          foo: $(objects)
          \n$(CC) -o foo $(objects) $(libs)<\/p>\n
          \u4e8c\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n
          \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
          <conditional-directive>
          \n<text-if-true>
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u4ee5\u53ca\uff1a<\/p>\n
          <conditional-directive>
          \n<text-if-true>
          \nelse
          \n<text-if-false>
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u4e2d<conditional-directive>\u8868\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u201cifeq\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u6240\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u201cifeq\u201d<\/p>\n
          ifeq (<arg1>, <arg2> )
          \nifeq ‘<arg1>’ ‘<arg2>’
          \nifeq “<arg1>” “<arg2>”
          \nifeq “<arg1>” ‘<arg2>’
          \nifeq ‘<arg1>’ “<arg2>”<\/p>\n
          \u6bd4\u8f83\u53c2\u6570\u201carg1\u201d\u548c\u201carg2\u201d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifeq ($(strip $(foo)),)
          \n<text-if-empty>
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201cstrip\u201d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u7a7a\uff08Empty\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<text-if-empty>\u5c31\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f\u201cifneq\u201d\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifneq (<arg1>, <arg2> )
          \nifneq ‘<arg1>’ ‘<arg2>’
          \nifneq “<arg1>” “<arg2>”
          \nifneq “<arg1>” ‘<arg2>’
          \nifneq ‘<arg1>’ “<arg2>”<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u6bd4\u8f83\u53c2\u6570\u201carg1\u201d\u548c\u201carg2\u201d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u548c\u201cifeq\u201d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f\u201cifdef\u201d\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifdef <variable-name><\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf<variable-name>\u7684\u503c\u975e\u7a7a\uff0c\u90a3\u5230\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c<variable-name>\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cifdef\u53ea\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u770b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a
          \nbar =
          \nfoo = $(bar)
          \nifdef foo
          \nfrobozz = yes
          \nelse
          \nfrobozz = no
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a
          \nfoo =
          \nifdef foo
          \nfrobozz = yes
          \nelse
          \nfrobozz = no
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c$(frobozz)\u201d\u503c\u662f\u201cyes\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5219\u662f\u201cno\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f\u201cifndef\u201d\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifndef <variable-name><\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u591a\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u548c\u201cifdef\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728<conditional-directive>\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u662f\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5[Tab]\u952e\u505a\u4e3a\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b26\u201c#\u201d\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u201celse\u201d\u548c\u201cendif\u201d\u4e5f
          \n\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5[Tab]\u952e\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cmake\u662f\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6Makefile\u65f6\u5c31\u8ba1\u7b97\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5982\u201c$@\u201d\u7b49\uff09\u653e\u5165\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6df7\u4e71\uff0cmake\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u3002make\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u505a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e00\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
          \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u201c$\u201d\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(<function> <arguments> )<\/p>\n
          \u6216\u662f<\/p>\n
          ${<function> <arguments>}<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<function>\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0cmake\u652f\u6301\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<arguments>\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u95f4\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u201c,\u201d\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u800c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u201c\u7a7a\u683c\u201d\u5206\u9694\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4ee5\u201c$\u201d\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u6216\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u62ec\u8d77\u3002\u611f\u89c9\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\uff1f\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u6700\u597d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u201c$(subst a,b,$(x))\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c$(subst a,b,${x})\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u4f1a\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          comma:= ,
          \nempty:=
          \nspace:= $(empty) $(empty)
          \nfoo:= a b c
          \nbar:= $(subst $(space),$(comma),$(foo))<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c$(comma)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9017\u53f7\u3002$(space)\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86$(empty)\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c$(foo)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201ca b c\u201d\uff0c$(bar)\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u201csubst\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a$(foo)\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5$(bar)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201c
          \na,b,c\u201d\u3002
          \n
          \n<\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e8c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          $(subst <from>,<to>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014subst\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u628a\u5b57\u4e32<text>\u4e2d\u7684<from>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u6210<to>\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(subst ee,EE,feet on the street)\uff0c<\/p>\n
          \u628a\u201cfeet on the street\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201cee\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u201cEE\u201d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201cfEEt on the strEEt
          \n\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(patsubst <pattern>,<replacement>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014patsubst\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u67e5\u627e<text>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u5355\u8bcd\u4ee5\u201c\u7a7a\u683c\u201d\u3001\u201cTab\u201d\u6216\u201c\u56de\u8f66\u201d\u201c\u6362\u884c\u201d\u5206\u9694\uff09\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<pattern>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5<replacement>\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<pattern>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u201c%\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c<replacement>\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u201c%\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c<replacement>\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c%\u201d\u5c06\u662f<pattern>\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c%\u201d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\\\u201d\u6765\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\\%\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u771f\u5b9e\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u201c%\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(patsubst %.c,%.o,x.c.c bar.c)<\/p>\n
          \u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u201cx.c.c bar.c\u201d\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f[%.c]\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u66ff\u6362\u6210[%.o]\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201cx.c.o bar.o\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5907\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u201c\u53d8\u91cf\u7ae0\u8282\u201d\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u6709\u70b9\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u201c$(var:<pattern>=<replacement> )\u201d
          \n\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e
          \n\u201c$(patsubst <pattern>,<replacement>,$(var))\u201d\uff0c<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u201c$(var: <suffix>=<replacement> )\u201d
          \n\u5219\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e
          \n\u201c$(patsubst %<suffix>,%<replacement>,$(var))\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f8b\u5982\u6709\uff1aobjects = foo.o bar.o baz.o\uff0c
          \n\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u201c$(objects:.o=.c)\u201d\u548c\u201c$(patsubst %.o,%.c,$(objects))\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(strip <string> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53bb\u7a7a\u683c\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014strip\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53bb\u6389<string>\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u53bb\u6389\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(strip a b c )<\/p>\n
          \u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u201ca b c \u201d\u53bb\u5230\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201ca b c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(findstring <find>,<in> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014findstring\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728\u5b57\u4e32<in>\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e<find>\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de<find>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(findstring a,a b c)
          \n$(findstring a,b c)<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u201ca\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u201c\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09<\/p>\n
          $(filter <pattern…>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014filter\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ee5<pattern>\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc7\u6ee4<text>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<pattern>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u53ef
          \n\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<pattern>\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          sources := foo.c bar.c baz.s ugh.h
          \nfoo: $(sources)
          \ncc $(filter %.c %.s,$(sources)) -o foo<\/p>\n
          $(filter %.c %.s,$(sources))\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201cfoo.c bar.c baz.s\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(filter-out <pattern…>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014filter-out\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ee5<pattern>\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc7\u6ee4<text>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<pattern>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u53ef
          \n\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<pattern>\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          objects=main1.o foo.o main2.o bar.o
          \nmains=main1.o main2.o<\/p>\n
          $(filter-out $(mains),$(objects)) \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201cfoo.o bar.o\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(sort <list> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014sort\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<list>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5347\u5e8f\uff09\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(sort foo bar lose)\u8fd4\u56de\u201cbar foo lose\u201d \u3002
          \n\u5907\u6ce8\uff1asort\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u53bb\u6389<list>\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(word <n>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53d6\u5355\u8bcd\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014word\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<text>\u4e2d\u7b2c<n>\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\uff08\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff09
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<text>\u4e2d\u7b2c<n>\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u679c<n>\u6bd4<text>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u8981\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a
          \n\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(word 2, foo bar baz)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201cbar\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(wordlist <s>,<e>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53d6\u5355\u8bcd\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014wordlist\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<text>\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ece<s>\u5f00\u59cb\u5230<e>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e32\u3002<s>\u548c<e>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<text>\u4e2d\u4ece<s>\u5230<e>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c<s>\u6bd4<text>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u8981\u5927\uff0c\u90a3
          \n\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c<e>\u5927\u4e8e<text>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece<s>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230<text>\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5355
          \n\u8bcd\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a $(wordlist 2, 3, foo bar baz)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201cbar baz\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(words <text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2a\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014words\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1<text>\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2a\u6570\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de<text>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(words, foo bar baz)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201c3\u201d\u3002
          \n\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u53d6<text>\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a$(word $(words <text>
          \n),<text> )\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(firstword <text> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u9996\u5355\u8bcd\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014firstword\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<text>\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<text>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(firstword foo bar)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201cfoo\u201d\u3002
          \n\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528word\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a$(word 1,<text> )\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u642d\u914d\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c
          \n\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0cmake\u4f7f\u7528\u201cVPATH\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u641c\u7d22
          \n\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5bf9\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u53c2\u6570CFLAGS\uff0c
          \n\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          override CFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(subst :, ,$(VPATH)))<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201c$(VPATH)\u201d\u503c\u662f\u201csrc:..\/headers\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c$(patsubst %,-I%,$(subst :
          \n, ,$(VPATH)))\u201d\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u201c-Isrc -I..\/headers\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662fcc\u6216gcc\u641c\u7d22\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u53c2\u6570
          \n\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u662f
          \n\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(dir <names…> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014dir\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6307\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u6760\uff08\u201c\/\u201d\uff09\u4e4b
          \n\u524d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u6760\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u201c.\/\u201d\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a $(dir src\/foo.c hacks)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201csrc\/ .\/\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(notdir <names…> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014notdir\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6307\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u6760\uff08\u201c\/\u201d
          \n\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u7684\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a $(notdir src\/foo.c hacks)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201cfoo.c hacks\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(suffix <names…> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53d6\u540e\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014suffix\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(suffix src\/foo.c src-1.0\/bar.c hacks)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201c.c .c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(basename <names…> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u53d6\u524d\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014basename\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u90e8\u5206\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<names>\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(basename src\/foo.c src-1.0\/bar.c hacks)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201csrc\/foo src-1.0\/bar h
          \nacks\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(addsuffix <suffix>,<names…> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u52a0\u540e\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014addsuffix\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u628a\u540e\u7f00<suffix>\u52a0\u5230<names>\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u52a0\u8fc7\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(addsuffix .c,foo bar)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201cfoo.c bar.c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(addprefix <prefix>,<names…> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014addprefix\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u628a\u524d\u7f00<prefix>\u52a0\u5230<names>\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u52a0\u8fc7\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(addprefix src\/,foo bar)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201csrc\/foo src\/bar\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(join <list1>,<list2> )<\/p>\n
          \u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014join\u3002
          \n\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u628a<list2>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\u52a0\u5230<list1>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c<list1>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2a\u6570\u8981\u6bd4<
          \nlist2>\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c<list1>\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c<list2>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2a\u6570\u8981\u6bd4
          \n<list1>\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c<list2>\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230<list2>\u4e2d\u3002
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
          \n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a$(join aaa bbb , 111 222 333)\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u201caaa111 bbb222 333\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u56db\u3001foreach \u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          foreach \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u522b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u7684\uff0cMakefile\u4e2d\u7684
          \nforeach\u51fd\u6570\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4eff\u7167\u4e8eUnix\u6807\u51c6Shell\uff08\/bin \/sh\uff09\u4e2d\u7684for\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6216\u662fC-Shell\uff08\/bin
          \n\/csh\uff09\u4e2d\u7684foreach\u8bed\u53e5\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(foreach <var>,<list>,<text> )<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u53c2\u6570<list>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u9010\u4e00\u53d6\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u53c2\u6570<var>\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c<text>\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21<text>\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<text>\u7684\u6240\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f53\u6574\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c<text>\u6240\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff09\u5c06\u4f1a\u662fforeach\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<var>\u6700\u597d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c<list>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c<text>\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528<var>
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4f9d\u6b21\u679a\u4e3e<list>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          names := a b c d<\/p>\n
          files := $(foreach n,$(names),$(n).o)<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c$(name)\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6328\u4e2a\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5b58\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\u201cn\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c$(n).o\u201d\u6bcf\u6b21\u6839\u636e\u201c$(n)\u201d\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3aforeach\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c$(f
          \niles)\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201ca.o b.o c.o d.o\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6ce8\u610f\uff0cforeach\u4e2d\u7684<var>\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cforeach\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u53c2\u6570<var>\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u4e0d\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u53ea\u5728foreach\u51fd\u6570\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e94\u3001if \u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          if\u51fd\u6570\u5f88\u50cfGNU\u7684make\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u2014\u2014ifeq\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\uff09\uff0cif\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(if <condition>,<then-part> )<\/p>\n
          \u6216\u662f<\/p>\n
          $(if <condition>,<then-part>,<else-part> )<\/p>\n
          \u53ef\u89c1\uff0cif\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u201celse\u201d\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u542b\u3002\u5373if\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u3002<condition>\u53c2\u6570\u662fif\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e3a\u975e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c<then-part>\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5426\u5219<else-part> \u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u800cif\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c<condition>\u4e3a\u771f\uff08\u975e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a<then- part>\u4f1a\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c<condition>\u4e3a\u5047\uff08\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<else-part>\u4f1a\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c<else-part>\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<then-part>\u548c<else-part>\u53ea\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u516d\u3001call\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          call\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bb8\u591a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528call\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(call <expression>,<parm1>,<parm2>,<parm3>…)<\/p>\n
          \u5f53 make\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c<expression>\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982$(1)\uff0c$(2)\uff0c$(3)\u7b49\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u53c2\u6570<parm1>\uff0c<parm2>\uff0c<parm3>\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u800c<expression>\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u662f call\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          reverse = $(1) $(2)<\/p>\n
          foo = $(call reverse,a,b)<\/p>\n
          \u90a3\u4e48\uff0cfoo\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201ca b\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          reverse = $(2) $(1)
          \nfoo = $(call reverse,a,b)<\/p>\n
          \u6b64\u65f6\u7684foo\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201cb a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e03\u3001origin\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          origin\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4f60\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\uff1f\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(origin <variable> )<\/p>\n
          \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c<variable>\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u5728<variable>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c$\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002Origin\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u51fa\u751f\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u662forigin\u51fd
          \n\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c:<\/p>\n
          \u201cundefined\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\uff0corigin\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u201cundefined\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cdefault\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201cCC\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cenvironment\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f53Makefile\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c-e\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cfile\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201ccommand line\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u88ab\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201coverride\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u662f\u88aboverride\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cautomatic\u201d<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c<variable>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199Makefile\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\u5176\u5305\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6Make.def\uff0c\u5728Make.def\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u201cbletch\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00
          \n\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u201cbletch\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u4e4b\u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eMake.def\u6216\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7b49\u975e\u73af\u5883\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\u4e8e\u662f
          \n\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifdef bletch<\/p>\n
          ifeq “$(origin bletch)” “environment”<\/p>\n
          bletch = barf, gag, etc.<\/p>\n
          endif<\/p>\n
          endif<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528override\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528override\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u662foverride\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7c97
          \n\u66b4\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u628a\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u73af\u5883\u4f20\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u516b\u3001shell\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          shell \u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfShell\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201c`\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cshell\u51fd\u6570\u628a\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570
          \n\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4awk\uff0csed\u7b49\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          contents := $(shell cat foo)<\/p>\n
          files := $(shell echo *.c)<\/p>\n
          \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662fMakefile\u7684\u9690\u6666\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684shell\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6bd4\u4f60\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e5d\u3001\u63a7\u5236make\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          make\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236make\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd0\u884cMakefile\u65f6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u8ba9make\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u505c\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(error <text …> )<\/p>\n
          \u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c<text …>\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cerror\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f
          \n\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ifdef ERROR_001<\/p>\n
          $(error error is $(ERROR_001))<\/p>\n
          endif<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a<\/p>\n
          ERR = $(error found an error!)<\/p>\n
          .PHONY: err<\/p>\n
          err: ; $(ERR)<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\u4f1a\u5728\u53d8\u91cfERROR_001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u540e\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751ferror\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e8c\u5219\u5728\u76ee\u5f55err\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u53d1\u751ferror\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(warning <text …> )<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5f88\u50cferror\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9make\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u6bb5\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800cmake\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>make \u7684\u8fd0\u884c<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165make\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cmake\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684makefile\u6765\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u65f6\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ea\u60f3\u8ba9 make\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u6709\u51e0\u5957\u7f16\u8bd1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5c31\u662f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528make\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e00\u3001make\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/h2>\n
          make\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540e\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
          0 \u2014\u2014 \u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          1 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u679cmake\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5176\u8fd4\u56de1\u3002<\/p>\n
          2 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86make\u7684\u201c-q\u201d\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14make\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de2\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
          Make\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e8c\u3001\u6307\u5b9aMakefile<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0cGNU make\u627e\u5bfb\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Makefile\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4f9d\u6b21\u627e\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u201cGNUmakefile\u201d\u3001\u201cmakefile\u201d\u548c\u201cMakefile\u201d\u3002\u5176\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5c31
          \n\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9make\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u540d\u5b57\u7684Makefile\u3002\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u201c-f\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c–file\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u201c– makefile\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u884c\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e2amak
          \nefile\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u201chchen.mk\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u8ba9make\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
          make \u2013f hchen.mk<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u5728make\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c-f\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684makefile\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9make\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e09\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cmake\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662fmakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8fde\u5e26\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662fmake\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u7684 makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u793amake\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u4f60\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u9700\u5728make\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201cmake clean\u201d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u4efb\u4f55\u5728makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u6210\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c- \u201d\u6253\u5934\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u201c=\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3amake\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981make\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5176\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u63a8\u5bfc\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u542b\u76ee\u6807\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u6210\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6709\u4e00\u4e2amake\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53eb\u201cMAKECMDGOALS\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b58\u653e\u4f60\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          sources = foo.c bar.c
          \nifneq ( $(MAKECMDGOALS),clean)
          \ninclude $(sources:.c=.d)
          \nendif<\/p>\n
          \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u662f\u201cmake clean\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48makefile\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5305\u542b\u201cfoo.d\u201d\u548c\u201cbar.d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2amakefile\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u8bd1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          .PHONY: all
          \nall: prog1 prog2 prog3 prog4<\/p>\n
          \u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2amakefile\u4e2d\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u201cprog1\u201d\uff0c\u00a0\u201cprog2\u201d\uff0c \u201cprog3\u201d\u548c \u201cprog4\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cmake all\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7f16\u8bd1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807
          \n\uff08\u5982\u679c\u628aall\u7f6e\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u9700\u6267\u884c\u201cmake\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cmake prog2\u201d\u6765\u5355\u72ec\u7f16\u8bd1\u76ee\u6807\u201cprog2\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5373\u7136make\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u6709makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5728Unix\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6
          \n\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fGNU\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u5176 makefile\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u6253\u5305\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u4e66\u5199\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201call\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cclean\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u88abmake\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cinstall\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u5df2\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cprint\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4f8b\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201ctar\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u628a\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5305\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2atar\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cdist\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u628atar\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u6210Z\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6216\u662fgz\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201cTAGS\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201ccheck\u201d\u548c\u201ctest\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5makefile\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684makefile\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4e66\u5199\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662fGNU\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u60f3\uff0cGNU\u641e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5176\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u5904\uff08\u7b49\u4f60\u7684UNIX\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u591a\u65f6\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4e66\u5199\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u8303\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u7528\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684makefile\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5f88\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f97\u4f60\u7684makefile\u5f88\u4e13\u4e1a\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u56db\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6267\u884c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528make\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0b\u8ff0\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u201c-n\u201d
          \n\u201c–just-print\u201d
          \n\u201c–dry-run\u201d
          \n\u201c–recon\u201d
          \n\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u662f\u6253\u5370\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u628a\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u8fde\u5e26\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u8bd5makefile\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-t\u201d
          \n\u201c–touch\u201d
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cmake\u5047\u88c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u6210\u5df2\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-q\u201d
          \n\u201c–question\u201d
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u51fa\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-W <file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–what-if=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–assume-new=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–new-file=<file>\u201d
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0cMake\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u63a8\u5bfc\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u201c-n\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6
          \n\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u201c-p\u201d\u548c\u201c-v\u201d\u6765\u8f93\u51famakefile\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e94\u3001make\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u6240\u6709GNU make 3.80\u7248\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7248\u672c\u548c\u4ea7\u5546\u7684make\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u5546\u7684make\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-b\u201d
          \n\u201c-m\u201d
          \n\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7248\u672cmake\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-B\u201d
          \n\u201c–always-make\u201d
          \n\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\uff08\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-C <dir>\u201d
          \n\u201c–directory=<dir>\u201d
          \n\u6307\u5b9a\u8bfb\u53d6makefile\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u201c-C\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0cmake\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6700\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u201cmake \u2013C ~hchen\/test \u2013C prog\u201d
          \n\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u201cmake \u2013C ~hchen\/test\/prog\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c\u2014debug[=<options>]\u201d
          \n\u8f93\u51famake\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f<options>\u7684\u53d6\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n
          a \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662fall\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff08\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u591a\uff09<\/p>\n
          b \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662fbasic\uff0c\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          v \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662fverbose\uff0c\u5728b\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e2amakefile\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u91cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
          i \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662fimplicit\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u4ee5\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          j \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662fjobs\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u7684PID\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
          m \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmakefile\uff0c\u8f93\u51famake\u8bfb\u53d6makefile\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0makefile\uff0c\u6267\u884cmakefile\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-d\u201d
          \n\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c–debug=a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-e\u201d
          \n\u201c–environment-overrides\u201d
          \n\u6307\u660e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u8986\u76d6makefile\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-f=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–file=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–makefile=<file>\u201d
          \n\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684makefile\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-h\u201d
          \n\u201c–help\u201d
          \n\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-i\u201d
          \n\u201c–ignore-errors\u201d
          \n\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-I <dir>\u201d
          \n\u201c–include-dir=<dir>\u201d
          \n\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5305\u542bmakefile\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u201c-I\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-j [<jobsnum>]\u201d
          \n\u201c–jobs[=<jobsnum>]\u201d
          \n\u6307\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0cmake\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u5c11\u5c31\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u201c-j\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec5\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c-j\u201d\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5728MS-D
          \nOS\u4e2d\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u201c-k\u201d
          \n\u201c–keep-going\u201d
          \n\u51fa\u9519\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-l <load>\u201d
          \n\u201c–load-average[=<load]\u201d
          \n\u201c\u2014max-load[=<load>]\u201d
          \n\u6307\u5b9amake\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-n\u201d
          \n\u201c–just-print\u201d
          \n\u201c–dry-run\u201d
          \n\u201c–recon\u201d
          \n\u4ec5\u8f93\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-o <file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–old-file=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–assume-old=<file>\u201d
          \n\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u7684<file>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\u4e8e\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-p\u201d
          \n\u201c–print-data-base\u201d
          \n\u8f93\u51famakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684makefile\u90fd\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u5806\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u4e0d\u60f3\u6267\u884c makefile\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cmake -q
          \np\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u6267\u884cmakefile\u524d\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cmake \u2013p \u2013f\u00a0\/dev\/null\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4f60\u7684makefile\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7528
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u8bd5\u4f60\u7684makefile\u4f1a\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-q\u201d
          \n\u201c–question\u201d
          \n\u4e0d\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f0\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f2\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-r\u201d
          \n\u201c–no-builtin-rules\u201d
          \n\u7981\u6b62make\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-R\u201d
          \n\u201c–no-builtin-variabes\u201d
          \n\u7981\u6b62make\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-s\u201d
          \n\u201c–silent\u201d
          \n\u201c–quiet\u201d
          \n\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-S\u201d
          \n\u201c–no-keep-going\u201d
          \n\u201c–stop\u201d
          \n\u53d6\u6d88\u201c-k\u201d\u9009\u9879\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0cmake\u7684\u9009\u9879\u662f\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u201cMAKEFLAGS\u201d\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8ba9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u201c-k\u201d\u9009\u9879\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-t\u201d
          \n\u201c–touch\u201d
          \n\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eUNIX\u7684touch\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f\u53d8\u6210\u6700\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-v\u201d
          \n\u201c–version\u201d
          \n\u8f93\u51famake\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3001\u7248\u6743\u7b49\u5173\u4e8emake\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-w\u201d
          \n\u201c–print-directory\u201d
          \n\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd0\u884cmakefile\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5d4c\u5957\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528make\u65f6\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c–no-print-directory\u201d
          \n\u7981\u6b62\u201c-w\u201d\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c-W <file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–what-if=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–new-file=<file>\u201d
          \n\u201c–assume-file=<file>\u201d
          \n\u5047\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807<file>\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u548c\u201c-n\u201d\u9009\u9879\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c-n\u201d\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u50cf\u8fd0\u884cUNIX\u7684\u201ctouch\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97<file>\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6
          \n\u95f4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c–warn-undefined-variables\u201d
          \n\u53ea\u8981make\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8f93\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Makefile\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u8bd1C\/C++\u7684\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08Unix\u4e0b\u662f[.o] \u6587\u4ef6\uff0cWindows\u4e0b\u662f[.obj]\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9690\u542b\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u65e9\u5148\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u60ef\u4f8b\u201d\u5fc3\u7167\u4e0d\u55a7\u5730\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u6015\u6211\u4eec\u7684Makefile\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e66\u5199\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u628a[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u5c31
          \n\u4e0d\u7528\u5199\u51fa\u6765\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5b9a\u5236\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5199\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7528\u201c\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u4f1a\u66f4\u56de\u5f97\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fdd
          \n\u8bc1\u6211\u4eecMakefile\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002
          \n\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5176\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u201d\u4e86\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd0\u884cMakefile\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5f53
          \n\u7136\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u6c34\u80fd\u8f7d\u821f\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u8986\u821f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u6210\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u5199\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679cmake\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u662fmake\u4e8b\u5148\u7ea6\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aMakefile\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo : foo.o bar.o
          \ncc \u2013o foo foo.o bar.o $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aMakefile\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210foo.o\u548cbar.o\u8fd9\u4e24\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3amake\u7684\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u751f\u6210
          \n\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          make \u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u5e93\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cmake\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u662f\uff0c\u628a [.o]\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7f6e\u6210[.c]\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528C\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4\u201ccc \u2013c $(CFLAGS) [.c]\u201d\u6765\u751f\u6210[.o]\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5199\u4e0b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo.o : foo.c
          \ncc \u2013c foo.c $(CFLAGS)
          \nbar.o : bar.c
          \ncc \u2013c bar.c $(CFLAGS)<\/p>\n
          \u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u201c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u201d\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\uff0cmake\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7ea6\u5b9a\u597d\u4e86\u7528C\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u201ccc\u201d\u751f\u6210[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u4e66\u5199\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48make\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u597d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728make\u7684\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u5e93\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u5728\u5e93\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u8d8a\u9760\u524d\u7684\u5219\u662f\u8d8a\u88ab\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u793a\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0cmake\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ba1\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foo.o : foo.p<\/p>\n
          \u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u201cfoo.p\u201d\uff08Pascal\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u201cfoo.c\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u6837\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 \u201cfoo.c\u201d\u8c03\u7528C\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210f
          \noo.o\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0cPascal\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u5728C\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cmake\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210foo.o\u7684 C\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u5199\u51fa\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u89c4\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5199\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e8c\u3001\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u89c8<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmake\u5185\u5efa\uff09\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5199\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u6240\u9700\u8981\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u201c-r\u201d\u6216\u201c–no-builtin-rules\u201d\u9009\u9879\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c-r\u201d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868 \u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf
          \n\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u76ee\u6807.SUFFIXES\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\u662f\uff1a.out,.a, .ln, .o, .c, .cc, .C, .p, .f, .F, .r, .y, .l, .s, .S, .mod, .sym, .def, .
          \nh, .info, .dvi, .tex, .texinfo, .texi, .txinfo, .w, .ch .web, .sh, .elc, .el\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
          1\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.o\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.c\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201c$(CC) \u2013c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)\u201d<\/p>\n
          2\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.o\u201d \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.cc\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c<n>.C\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201c$(CXX) \u2013c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)\u201d\u3002\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u201c.cc\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3aC++\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u800c
          \n\u4e0d\u662f\u201c.C\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n
          3\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1Pascal\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.o\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.p\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201c$(PC) \u2013c $(PFLAGS)\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          4\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1Fortran\/Ratfor\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.o\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.r\u201d\u6216\u201c<n>.F\u201d\u6216\u201c<n>.f\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f:
          \n\u201c.f\u201d \u201c$(FC) \u2013c $(FFLAGS)\u201d
          \n\u201c.F\u201d \u201c$(FC) \u2013c $(FFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)\u201d
          \n\u201c.f\u201d \u201c$(FC) \u2013c $(FFLAGS) $(RFLAGS)\u201d<\/p>\n
          5\u3001\u9884\u5904\u7406Fortran\/Ratfor\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.f\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.r\u201d\u6216\u201c<n>.F\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u662f\u8f6c\u6362Ratfor\u6216\u6709\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684Fortran\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684Fortran\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a
          \n\u201c.F\u201d \u201c$(FC) \u2013F $(CPPFLAGS) $(FFLAGS)\u201d
          \n\u201c.r\u201d \u201c$(FC) \u2013F $(FFLAGS) $(RFLAGS)\u201d<\/p>\n
          6\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1Modula-2\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.sym\u201d \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.def\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(M2C) $(M2FLAGS) $(DEFFLAGS)\u201d\u3002\u201c<n.o>\u201d \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.mod\u201d\uff0c
          \n\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(M2C) $(M2FLAGS) $(MODFLAGS)\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          7\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u548c\u6c47\u7f16\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.o\u201d \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.s\u201d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u54c1\u201cas\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(AS) $(ASFLAGS)\u201d\u3002\u201c<n>.s\u201d \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201c<n>.S\u201d
          \n\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528C\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u201ccpp\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(AS) $(ASFLAGS)\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          8\u3001\u94fe\u63a5Object\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>\u201d \u76ee\u6807\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u201c<n>.o\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884cC\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u94fe\u63a5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u201cld\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) <n>.o $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS)\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9
          \n\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2aObject\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\uff09\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
          x : y.o z.o<\/p>\n
          \u5e76\u4e14\u201cx.c\u201d\u3001\u201cy.c\u201d\u548c\u201cz.c\u201d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
          cc -c x.c -o x.o
          \ncc -c y.c -o y.o
          \ncc -c z.c -o z.o
          \ncc x.o y.o z.o -o x
          \nrm -f x.o
          \nrm -f y.o
          \nrm -f z.o<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684x.c\uff09\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684x\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u5199\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          9\u3001Yacc C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u201c<n>.c\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201cn.y\u201d\uff08Yacc\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(YACC) $(YFALGS)\u201d\u3002\uff08\u201cYacc\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff09<\/p>\n
          10\u3001Lex C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.c\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201cn.l\u201d\uff08Lex\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(LEX) $(LFALGS)\u201d\u3002\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u201cLex\u201d\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff09<\/p>\n
          11\u3001Lex Ratfor\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.r\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201cn.l\u201d\uff08Lex\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(LEX
          \n) $(LFALGS)\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          12\u3001\u4eceC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001Yacc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216Lex\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efaLint\u5e93\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002
          \n\u201c<n>.ln\u201d \uff08lint\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\u201cn.c\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\u201c$(LINT) $(LINTFALGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -i\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c<n>.y\u201d\u548c\u201c<n>.l\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e09\u3001\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n
          \u5728\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f60\u7684makefile\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728make\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4f20\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528make\u7684\u201c-R\u201d\u6216\u201c–no\u2013 builtin-variables\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u4f60\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf
          \n\u5bf9\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u2014\u2014\u7f16\u8bd1C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201c$(CC) \u2013c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)\u201d\u3002Make\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201ccc\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u201c$(CC)\u201d\u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u201cgcc\u201d\uff0c\u628a
          \n\u53d8\u91cf\u201c$(CFLAGS)\u201d\u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210 \u201c-g\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5168\u90e8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201cgcc \u2013c -g $(CPPFLAGS)\u201d\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u201cCC\u201d\uff1b\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u53c2\u6570
          \n\u76f8\u7684\u5173\uff0c\u5982\u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6240\u6709\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
          AR \u00a0\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6253\u5305\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201car\u201d\u3002
          \nAS
          \n\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cas\u201d\u3002
          \nCC
          \nC\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201ccc\u201d\u3002
          \nCXX
          \nC++\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cg++\u201d\u3002
          \nCO
          \n\u4ece RCS\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cco\u201d\u3002
          \nCPP
          \nC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201c$(CC) \u2013E\u201d\u3002
          \nFC
          \nFortran \u548c Ratfor \u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cf77\u201d\u3002
          \nGET
          \n\u4eceSCCS\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cget\u201d\u3002
          \nLEX
          \nLex\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8eC\u6216Ratfor\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201clex\u201d\u3002
          \nPC
          \nPascal\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cpc\u201d\u3002
          \nYACC
          \nYacc\u6587\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5668\uff08\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8eC\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cyacc\u201d\u3002
          \nYACCR
          \nYacc\u6587\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5668\uff08\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8eRatfor\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cyacc \u2013r\u201d\u3002
          \nMAKEINFO
          \n\u8f6c\u6362Texinfo\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.texi\uff09\u5230Info\u6587\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cmakeinfo\u201d\u3002
          \nTEX
          \n\u4eceTeX\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efaTeX DVI\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201ctex\u201d\u3002
          \nTEXI2DVI
          \n\u4eceTexinfo\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u519bTeX DVI \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201ctexi2dvi\u201d\u3002
          \nWEAVE
          \n\u8f6c\u6362Web\u5230TeX\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cweave\u201d\u3002
          \nCWEAVE
          \n\u8f6c\u6362C Web \u5230 TeX\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201ccweave\u201d\u3002
          \nTANGLE
          \n\u8f6c\u6362Web\u5230Pascal\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201ctangle\u201d\u3002
          \nCTANGLE
          \n\u8f6c\u6362C Web \u5230 C\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cctangle\u201d\u3002
          \nRM
          \n\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201crm \u2013f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          2\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>
          \n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u660e\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u90fd\u662f
          \n\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n
          ARFLAGS
          \n\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6253\u5305\u7a0b\u5e8fAR\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u201crv\u201d\u3002
          \nASFLAGS
          \n\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u5f53\u660e\u663e\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u201c.s\u201d\u6216\u201c.S\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff09\u3002
          \nCFLAGS
          \nC\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nCXXFLAGS
          \nC++\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nCOFLAGS
          \nRCS\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nCPPFLAGS
          \nC\u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08 C \u548c Fortran \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\uff09\u3002
          \nFFLAGS
          \nFortran\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nGFLAGS
          \nSCCS \u201cget\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nLDFLAGS
          \n\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u201cld\u201d\uff09
          \nLFLAGS
          \nLex\u6587\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nPFLAGS
          \nPascal\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nRFLAGS
          \nRatfor \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684Fortran \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002
          \nYFLAGS
          \nYacc\u6587\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u56db\u3001\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u94fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a[.o]\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u5148\u88abYacc\u7684[.y]\u6587\u4ef6\u5148\u6210[.c]\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u88abC\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219
          \n\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6[.c]\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528C\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a[.y]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Yacc\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u751f\u6210[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u8c03
          \n\u7528C\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u7531[.c]\u751f\u6210[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd[.c]\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u662f\u76ee\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5176\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u7740\u5730\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4f60\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u751f\u6210\uff1f\u600e\u4e48\u6211\u7684makefile\u53d1\u75af\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\u9664\u975e\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e2d\u95f4\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u6210\u529f\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ee5\u201crm -f\u201d\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88abmakefile\u6307\u5b9a\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201c.INTERMEDIATE\u201d\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u58f0\u660e\u3002\uff08\u5982\uff1a.INTERMEDIATE \uff1a mid \uff09<\/p>\n
          \u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62make\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201c.SECONDARY\u201d\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u58f0\u660e\uff08\u5982\uff1a.SECONDARY : sec\uff09\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u5982\uff1a%.o\uff09\u6210\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u201c.PRECIOUS\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u88ab\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u201c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u6b21\u6216\u4e24\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u5728make\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u65e0\u9650\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
          Make \u4f1a\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u201cfoo.c\u201d\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201cfoo\u201d\uff0c\u6309\u9053\u7406\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\u201cfoo.o\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u94fe\u63a5\u6210\u201cfoo\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u6761\u201ccc\u201d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\uff08cc \u2013o foo foo.c\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7684\u89c4
          \n\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e94\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u6709”%”\u5b57\u7b26\u3002”%”\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”%”\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u7684\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c”%”\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u5728make\u8f7d\u5165Makefile\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u5219\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n
          1\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u8981\u5305\u542b”%”\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff0c”%”\u8868\u793a\u957f\u5ea6\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u975e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a”%.c”\u8868\u793a\u4ee5”.c”\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a3\uff09\uff0c\u800c”s.%.c”\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4ee5”s.”\u5f00\u5934\uff0c”.c”\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a 5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c”%”\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u7684\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684”%”\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d”%”\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          %.o : %.c ; <command ……><\/p>\n
          \u5176\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u7684[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f”a.o b.o”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”%c”\u5c31\u662f”a.c b.c”\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u65e6\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u53bb\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\uff0cmake\u5c31\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0cmake\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0cmake\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
          2\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u4e86,\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684[.c]\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210[.o]\u6587\u4ef6.<\/p>\n
          %.o : %.c
          \n$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c”$@”\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6328\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c”$<“\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6328\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u53d8
          \n\u91cf\u6211\u4eec\u53eb”\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf”\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
          %.tab.c %.tab.h: %.y
          \nbison -d $<<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u544a\u8bc9make\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684[.y]\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4ee5”bison -d <n>.y”\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u751f\u6210”<n>.tab.c”\u548c”<n>.tab.h”\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c”<n>” \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f”foo”\u4f9d
          \n\u8d56\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6”parse.tab.o”\u548c”scan.o”\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6”scan.o”\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6”parse.tab.h”\uff0c\u5982\u679c”parse.y”\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c”bison -d parse.y”\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e8e
          \n\u662f\uff0c”parse.tab.o”\u548c”scan.o”\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u9f50\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c”parse.tab.o” \u7531”parse.tab.c”\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u548c”scan.o”\u7531”scan.c”\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u800c”foo”\u7531”parse.tab.o”\u548c”scan.o”\u94fe\u63a5\u751f\u6210\uff0c
          \n\u800c\u4e14foo\u548c\u5176[.o]\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5199\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff09<\/p>\n
          3\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u4f8b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4e66\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5bf9\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u6d89\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u6328\u4e2a\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53d6\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $@
          \n\u8868\u793a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c”$@”\u5c31\u662f\u5339\u914d\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
          $%
          \n\u4ec5\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6210\u5458\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f”foo.a(bar.o)”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c”$%”\u5c31\u662f”bar.o”\uff0c”$@”\u5c31\u662f”foo.a”\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff08Unix\u4e0b\u662f
          \n[.a]\uff0cWindows\u4e0b\u662f[.lib]\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n
          $<
          \n\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ee5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373”%”\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”$<“\u5c06\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          $?
          \n\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u76ee\u6807\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n
          $^
          \n\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n
          $+
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5f88\u50cf”$^”\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u4e0d\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
          $*
          \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d”%”\u53ca\u5176\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u662f”dir\/a.foo.b”\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f”a.%.b”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c”$*”\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f”dir \/a.foo”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u6bd4
          \n\u8f83\u6709\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”$*”\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u662f make\u6240\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”$*”\u5c31\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u662f”foo.c”
          \n\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a”.c”\u662fmake\u6240\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u540d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c”$*”\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f”foo”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662fGNU make\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u7248\u672c\u7684make\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528”$*”\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u662f\u5728\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u662f\u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u662fmake\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”$*”\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u53ea\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c”$?”\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u53eb”lib”\uff0c\u5176\u7531\u5176\u5b83\u51e0\u4e2aobject\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u628aobject\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u6548
          \n\u7387\u7684Makefile\u89c4\u5219\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          lib : foo.o bar.o lose.o win.o
          \nar r lib $?<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u91cf\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002\u56db\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff08$@\u3001$<\u3001$%\u3001$*\uff09\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\u53ea\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e09\u4e2a\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e03\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u6216\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u642d\u914d\u4e0a”D”\u6216”F”\u5b57\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u662fGNU make\u4e2d\u8001\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570”dir”\u6216”notdir”\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u3002”D”\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5c31\u662fDirectory\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c”F”\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5c31\u662fFile\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u52a0\u4e0a”D”\u6216\u662f”F”\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $(@D)
          \n\u8868\u793a”$@”\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e0d\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c”$@”\u503c\u662f”dir\/foo.o”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”$(@D)”\u5c31\u662f”dir”\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c”$@”\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6760\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u5c31\u662f”.”\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          $(@F)
          \n\u8868\u793a”$@”\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c”$@”\u503c\u662f”dir\/foo.o”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48”$(@F)”\u5c31\u662f”foo.o”\uff0c”$(@F)”\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570”$(notdir $@)”\u3002<\/p>\n
          “$(*D)”
          \n“$(*F)”
          \n\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c”$(*D)”\u8fd4\u56de”dir”\uff0c\u800c”$(*F)”\u8fd4\u56de”foo”<\/p>\n
          “$(%D)”
          \n“$(%F)”
          \n\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u5458\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f62\u540c”archive(member)”\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”member”\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          “$(<D)”
          \n“$(<F)”
          \n\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
          “$(^D)”
          \n“$(^F)”
          \n\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\uff08\u65e0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n
          “$(+D)”
          \n“$(+F)”
          \n\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n
          “$(?D)”
          \n“$(?F)”<\/p>\n
          \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6700\u540e\u60f3\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e”$<“\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7ed9$\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c”$(< )”\u5c31\u8981\u6bd4”$<“\u8981\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u5f97\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f”\u663e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219”\u548c”\u9759\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219”\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u9762”\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u5219”\u4e00\u7ae0\uff09\u3002\u5176\u5728\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
          4\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u662f\u540e\u7f00\u7684”%”\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a”%”\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a”%”\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a”%”\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53eb\u505a”\u830e”\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982”%.c”\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6”test.c”\u4e2d”test”\u5c31\u662f”\u830e”\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u6709”%”\u65f6\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u7684”\u830e”\u4f1a\u4f20\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5f53\u505a\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u7684”\u830e”\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u659c\u6760\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5e38\u5305\u542b\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u79fb\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c”\u830e”\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f”e%t”\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6”src\/eat” \u5339\u914d\u4e8e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f”src\/a”\u5c31\u662f\u5176”\u830e”\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u53c8\u6709\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f”c%r”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f”src\/car”\u3002\uff08”\u830e”\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\uff09<\/p>\n
          5\u3001\u91cd\u8f7d\u5185\u5efa\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8f7d\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u6216\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u9020\u548c\u5185\u5efa\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          %.o : %.c
          \n$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -D$(date)<\/p>\n
          \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u5728\u540e\u9762\u5199\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          %.o : %.s<\/p>\n
          \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u671d\u524d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u9760\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u516d\u3001\u8001\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c\u7684”\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219”<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8001\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u9010\u6b65\u5730\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u5f3a\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u548c\u8001\u7248\u672c\u7684Makefile\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cGNU make\u540c\u6837\u517c\u5bb9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a”\u53cc\u540e\u7f00”\u548c”\u5355\u540e\u7f00”\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53cc\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5bf9\u540e\u7f00\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u5982”.c.o”\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e”%o : %c”\u3002\u5355\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u5982”.c”\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e”% :\u00a0%.c”\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5e94\u8be5\u662fmake\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7f00\u662fmake\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u5355\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u90fd\u88abmake\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u53cc\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a”.c”\u548c”.o”\u90fd\u662fmake\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u662f”.c.o”\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u5c31\u662f\u53cc\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f”.c” \u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\uff0c”.o”\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          .c.o:
          \n$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $<<\/p>\n
          \u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u7f00\u7edf\u7edf\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          .c.o: foo.h
          \n$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $<<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6”.c.o”\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6”foo.h”\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
          %.o: %.c foo.h
          \n$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $<<\/p>\n
          \u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79fb\u53bb\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u8981\u8ba9make\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807”.SUFFIXES”\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u662f\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          .SUFFIXES: .hack .win<\/p>\n
          \u628a\u540e\u7f00.hack\u548c.win\u52a0\u5165\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n
          .SUFFIXES: # \u5220\u9664\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u540e\u7f00
          \n.SUFFIXES: .c .o .h # \u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u7f00<\/p>\n
          \u5148\u6e05\u695a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
          make\u7684\u53c2\u6570”-r”\u6216”-no-builtin-rules”\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u800c\u53d8\u91cf”SUFFIXE”\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528”.SUFFIXES”\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf”SUFFIXE”\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e03\u3001\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53eb T\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807T\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219\u5728Makefile\u88ab\u8f7d\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u662f”archive(member)”\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd0\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u627e\u76ee\u6807T\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u628a”member”\u5f53\u4f5cT\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n
          1\u3001\u628aT\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u53ebD\uff0c\u800c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u53ebN\u3002\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5982\u679cT\u662f”src\/foo.o”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cD\u5c31\u662f”src\/”\uff0cN\u5c31\u662f”foo.o”\uff09<\/p>\n
          2\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u4e8eT\u6216\u662fN\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
          3\u3001\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982”%”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
          4\u3001\u79fb\u9664\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          5\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1\uff09\u63a8\u5bfc\u5176”\u830e”S\uff0cS\u5e94\u8be5\u662fT\u6216\u662fN\u5339\u914d\u4e8e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d”%”\u975e\u7a7a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
          2\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u628a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684”%”\u90fd\u66ff\u6362\u6210”\u830e”S\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6846\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u628aD\u52a0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n
          3\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u662f\u7406\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u53eb”\u7406\u5f53\u5b58\u5728”\uff09<\/p>\n
          4\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u662f\u7406\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
          6\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b2c5\u6b65\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u88ab\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u505a\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1\uff09\u5982\u679c\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u7ec8\u6b62\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
          2\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u540c\u7b2c5\u6b65\uff09<\/p>\n
          3\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u662f\u7406\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
          4\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n
          5\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u662f\u7406\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
          7\u3001\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u67e5\u770b”.DEFAULT”\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u628a”.DEFAULT”\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed9T\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u65e6\u89c4\u5219\u88ab\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5176\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u624d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4f7f\u7528make\u66f4\u65b0\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9Object\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728Unix\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7531\u547d\u4ee4”ar”\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e00\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u5458<\/h2>\n
          \u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u683c\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n
          archive(member)<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86”ar”\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foolib(hack.o) : hack.o
          \nar cr foolib hack.o<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2amember\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foolib(hack.o kludge.o)<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foolib(hack.o) foolib(kludge.o)<\/p>\n
          \u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Shell\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          foolib(*.o)<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e8c\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6210\u5458\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5f53 make\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f”a(m)”\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u6210”(m)”\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5458\u662f”%.o” \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528”make foo.a(bar.o)”\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528Makefile\u65f6\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u53bb\u627e”bar.o”\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49bar.o\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5185\u5efa\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u6548\uff0cmake\u4f1a\u53bb\u627ebar.c\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u751f\u6210bar.o\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cmake\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          cc -c bar.c -o bar.o
          \nar r foo.a bar.o
          \nrm -f bar.o<\/p>\n
          \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f”$%”\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e13\u5c5e\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5176\u8bf4\u660e\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1”\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf”\u4e00\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u4e09\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”\u540e\u7f00\u89c4\u5219”\u548c”\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219”\u6765\u751f\u6210\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          .c.a:
          \n$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $*.o
          \n$(AR) r $@ $*.o
          \n$(RM) $*.o<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          (%.o) : %.c
          \n$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c $< -o $*.o
          \n$(AR) r $@ $*.o
          \n$(RM) $*.o<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u56db\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff08”-j”\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2aar\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u635f\u574f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728make\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6765\u907f\u514d\u5e76\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002
          \n\u4f46\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528”-j”\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          <\/a>\u540e\u5e8f<\/strong><\/h1>\n
          \u2014\u2014<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u7ec8\u4e8e\u5230\u5199\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fGNU make\u7684Makefile\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4ea7\u5546\u7684make\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684make\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u90fd\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\u4e2d80%\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684make\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u6d4b”\u51fd\u6570”\u90a3\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u5b83make\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684make\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u7cbe\u529b\u6765\u67e5\u770bGNU\u7684make\u548cVC\u7684nmake\u3001BCB\u7684make\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u522b\u7684UNIX\u4e0b\u7684make\u6709\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5728Unix\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528make\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5728SCO Unix\u548cIBM\u7684AIX\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5728Linux\u3001Solaris\u3001HP-UX\u3001AIX\u548cAlpha\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cLinux\u548cSolaris\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728Unix\u4e0b\u7684make\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Richard Stallman\u5f00\u53d1\u7684make\u548ccc\/gcc\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662fGNU\u7684make\uff08\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u7684UNIX\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u90fd\u88ab\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e86GNU\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528GNU\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u5c31\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\uff09\u3002GNU\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u6df1\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97GNU\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97GNU\u7684\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662fUnix\uff0c\u751a\u81f3Windows\uff09”\u6740\u4f24\u529b”\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u7684make\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528make\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7f16\u8bd1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528make\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55Shell\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728Unix\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Makefile\u4e2d\u4e66\u5199\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\uff1atar\u3001awk\u3001mail\u3001sed\u3001cvs\u3001compress\u3001ls\u3001rm\u3001yacc\u3001rpm\u3001 ftp\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8bf8\u5982”\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5305”\u3001”\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5907\u4efd”\u3001”\u5236\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u88c5\u5305”\u3001”\u63d0\u4ea4\u4ee3\u7801”\u3001”\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u677f”\u3001”\u5408\u5e76\u6587\u4ef6”\u7b49\u7b49\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u94f6\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u89c1\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u4e66\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5171\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7528\u4e9b\u8bf8\u5982”@@@N\u3001###N”\u5947\u602a\u5b57\u4e32\u6807\u6ce8\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e66\u5199\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e66\u5199\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5728make\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528awk\u548csed\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684”@@@N\u3001###N”\u7b49\u5b57\u4e32\u66ff\u4ee3\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210C\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u5f88\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684”\u6269\u5c55C”\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5373\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7528”EXEC\u3000SQL”\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5728\u7528 cc\/gcc\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528”\u6269\u5c55C”\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982cpre\uff0c\u628a\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6807\u51c6C\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c
          \n\u4f60\u5728\u4f7f\u7528make\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u7edd\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f97\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u554a\u3002<\/p>\n
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