{"id":5859,"date":"2022-06-01T23:29:01","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T15:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn:15443\/wordpress\/?p=5859"},"modified":"2022-06-01T23:29:01","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T15:29:01","slug":"graphql-%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/5859","title":{"rendered":"graphql \u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"_1RuRku\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jianshu.com\/p\/da1260b95faf\">\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"rEsl9f\">\n<div class=\"_2mYfmT\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<article class=\"_2rhmJa\">\n<h3>Graphql \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgraphql.cn%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">graphql<\/a>\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e API \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684 API \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>example<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-css\"><code class=\"  language-css\"><span class=\"token selector\">type Project<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">tagline<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">contributors<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> [User]\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-bash\"><code class=\"  language-bash\">{\r\n  project(name: \"GraphQL\") {\r\n    tagline\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-json\"><code class=\"  language-json\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">\"project\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"tagline\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"A query language for APIs\"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4>\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u56fe\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\n<div class=\"image-package\">\n<div class=\"image-container\">\n<div class=\"image-container-fill\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image-view\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"297\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-d592341febdab3e8.png?imageMogr2\/auto-orient\/strip|imageView2\/2\/w\/685\/format\/webp\" data-original-src=\"\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-d592341febdab3e8.png\" data-original-width=\"685\" data-original-height=\"297\" data-original-format=\"image\/png\" data-original-filesize=\"20641\" data-image-index=\"0\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"image-caption\">\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0e RESTful \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684 GraphQL \u670d\u52a1\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u5916\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\u7684endpoint\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7aef\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>GraphQL \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u805a\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a RESTful \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u6839\u8d44\u6e90\u00a0<code>Post<\/code>\u00a0\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u00a0<code>school<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<code>teacher<\/code>\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n<h5>\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f60\u6240\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u67e5\u8be2 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u81ea\u7531\u5b9a\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-bash\"><code class=\"  language-bash\">\u8bf7\u6c42\r\n{\r\n  hero() {\r\n    name\r\n    # friends \u8868\u793a\u6570\u7ec4\r\n    friends {\r\n      name\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\r\n{\r\n  \"data\": {\r\n    \"hero\": {\r\n      \"name\": \"R2-D2\",\r\n      \"friends\": [\r\n        {\r\n          \"name\": \"Luke Skywalker\"\r\n        },\r\n        {\r\n          \"name\": \"Han Solo\"\r\n        },\r\n        {\r\n          \"name\": \"Leia Organa\"\r\n        }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u8be2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-objectivec\"><code class=\"  language-objectivec\"><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">human<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1000\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    name\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token string\">\"human\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luke Skywalker\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"height\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5.6430448<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d<br \/>\n\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u505a\u4e24\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42hero\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    empireHero<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> EMPIRE<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      name\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    jediHero<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> JEDI<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      name\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token string\">\"empireHero\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luke Skywalker\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token string\">\"jediHero\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"R2-D2\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7247\u6bb5\uff08Fragments\uff09<br \/>\n\u7247\u6bb5\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u590d\u7528\u5355\u5143\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-csharp\"><code class=\"  language-csharp\"><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u8bf7\u6c42<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  leftComparison<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> EMPIRE<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>comparisonFields\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  rightComparison<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> JEDI<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>comparisonFields\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfragment comparisonFields on Character <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  name\r\n  appearsIn\r\n  friends <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    name\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token string\">\"leftComparison\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luke Skywalker\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"appearsIn\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"NEWHOPE\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"EMPIRE\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"friends\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Han Solo\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Leia Organa\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"C-3PO\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"R2-D2\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token string\">\"rightComparison\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"R2-D2\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"appearsIn\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"NEWHOPE\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"EMPIRE\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"friends\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luke Skywalker\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Han Solo\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Leia Organa\"<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<br \/>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u62fc\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684query\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-php\"><code class=\"  language-php\"><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/span>\r\nquery <span class=\"token function\">Hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">$episode<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$episode<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    name\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"episode\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"hero\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"R2-D2\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u8054\u6570\u636e\u5757<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u8005\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u8054\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0b\u5c42\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-csharp\"><code class=\"  language-csharp\"><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/span>\r\nquery <span class=\"token function\">HeroForEpisode<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>$ep<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Episode<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> $ep<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    name\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> on Droid <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      primaryFunction\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> on Human <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      height\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"ep\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"JEDI\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token string\">\"hero\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"name\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"R2-D2\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token string\">\"primaryFunction\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Astromech\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53d8\u66f4\uff08Mutations\uff09<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u53d8\u66f4\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-php\"><code class=\"  language-php\">mutation <span class=\"token function\">CreateReviewForEpisode<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token variable\">$ep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Episode<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$review<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> ReviewInput<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">createReview<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$ep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> review<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token variable\">$review<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    stars\r\n    commentary\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"ep\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"JEDI\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"review\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"stars\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"commentary\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"This is a great movie!\"<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"createReview\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"stars\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"commentary\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token double-quoted-string string\">\"This is a great movie!\"<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b8c\u6574\u7684query \u5199\u6cd5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ query \u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b query mutation subscription<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ HeroNameAndFriends \u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u540d\u79f0<\/span>\r\nquery HeroNameAndFriends <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  hero <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    name\r\n    friends <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      name\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h5>\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf (schema)<\/h5>\n<p>example:<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-tsx\"><code class=\"  language-tsx\"><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ schema \u6587\u4ef6\u5165\u53e3<\/span>\r\nschema <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  query<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Query\r\n  mutation<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Mutation\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ query \u64cd\u4f5c\u58f0\u660e<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Query <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Character\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">droid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">ID<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Droid\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">enum<\/span> Episode <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token constant\">NEWHOPE<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token constant\">EMPIRE<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token constant\">JEDI<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Character <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/! \u7b26\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u975e\u7a7a<\/span>\r\n  name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  appearsIn<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Character<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">ID<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  friends<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Character<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n  appearsIn<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Human <span class=\"token keyword\">implements<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Character<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">ID<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  friends<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Character<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n  appearsIn<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  starships<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Starship<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n  totalCredits<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Int\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Droid <span class=\"token keyword\">implements<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Character<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">ID<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  friends<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Character<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n  appearsIn<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  primaryFunction<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\ninput ReviewInput <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  stars<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Int<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>\r\n  commentary<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>schema \u6587\u4ef6\u5165\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-css\"><code class=\"  language-css\"><span class=\"token selector\">schema<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">query<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Query\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">mutation<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Mutation\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>query \u64cd\u4f5c\u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-rust\"><code class=\"  language-rust\"><span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Query <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Character\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">droid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Droid\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-rust\"><code class=\"  language-rust\"><span class=\"token keyword\">enum<\/span> Episode <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  NEWHOPE\r\n  EMPIRE\r\n  JEDI\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-rust\"><code class=\"  language-rust\"><span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Character <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/! \u7b26\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u975e\u7a7a<\/span>\r\n  name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">String!<\/span>\r\n  appearsIn<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-css\"><code class=\"  language-css\"><span class=\"token selector\">type Starship<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">id<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> ID!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String!\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">length<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token property\">unit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> LengthUnit = METER<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Float \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-css\"><code class=\"  language-css\"><span class=\"token selector\">interface Character<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">id<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> ID!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">friends<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> [Character]\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">appearsIn<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> [Episode]!\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-css\"><code class=\"  language-css\"><span class=\"token selector\">input ReviewInput<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">stars<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Int!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">commentary<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-css\"><code class=\"  language-css\"><span class=\"token selector\">type Human implements Character<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">id<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> ID!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">friends<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> [Character]\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">appearsIn<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> [Episode]!\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">starships<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> [Starship]\r\n  <span class=\"token property\">totalCredits<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Int\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u7c7b\u578b<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528interface \u7c7b\u578b \u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-csharp\"><code class=\"  language-csharp\">query <span class=\"token function\">HeroForEpisode<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>$ep<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Episode<span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token function\">hero<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>episode<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> $ep<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    name\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> on Droid <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      primaryFunction\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span> on Human <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ece\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cGraphQL API \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f API \u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-package\">\n<div class=\"image-container\">\n<div class=\"image-container-fill\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image-view\" data-width=\"1024\" data-height=\"513\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-94466ce410d9e5da.png?imageMogr2\/auto-orient\/strip|imageView2\/2\/w\/1024\/format\/webp\" data-original-src=\"\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-94466ce410d9e5da.png\" data-original-width=\"1024\" data-original-height=\"513\" data-original-format=\"image\/png\" data-original-filesize=\"103200\" data-image-index=\"1\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"image-caption\">image<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u62e5\u6709\u5305\u62ec\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u9057\u7559 REST API \u6570\u91cf\u66b4\u589e\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5e0c\u671b\u6d88\u9664\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u56e2\u961f\u5bf9 API \u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4grpc \u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0crest \u9762\u5411\u7684\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48graphql \u5219\u662f\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3002\u6240\u4ee5graphql \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7684\u573a\u666f\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u53f0\u4e0egraphql<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e2d\u53f0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u548cgrapqhl\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e30\u5bcc\u800c\u5f02\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6dfb\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u7684\u8981\u6c42<br \/>\ngraphql \u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u636e\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u63a5\u53e3endpoint\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u66f4\u9ad8\u8026\u5408\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u9020\u6210\u63a5\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<br \/>\n\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c4f\u853d\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8c03\u7528\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684schema \u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9760\u8fd1\u5b57\u6bb5\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8c03\u7528<br \/>\nB\u7aef\/C\u7aef \u7528\u6237\u8c03\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u4e2a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cgraphql \u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5404B \u7aef\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728graphql \u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u53e3\u8f6c\u6362\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fb5\u5165\u5f88\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n<h5>\u901a\u8fc7 HTTP \u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>GET \u8bf7\u6c42<br \/>\nurl:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=http%3A%2F%2Fmyapi%2Fgraphql%3Fquery%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/myapi\/graphql?query=<\/a>{me{name}}&amp;<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=http%3A%2F%2Fvar.name%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">var.name=<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>POST \u8bf7\u6c42<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n&#8220;query&#8221;: &#8220;{me{name}}&#8221;,<br \/>\n&#8220;operationName&#8221;: &#8220;&#8230;&#8221;,<br \/>\n&#8220;variables&#8221;: { &#8220;myVariable&#8221;: &#8220;&#8221;}<br \/>\n}<\/li>\n<li>\u54cd\u5e94<br \/>\n\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5982\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a<br \/>\n{<br \/>\n&#8220;data&#8221;: { &#8230; },<br \/>\n&#8220;errors&#8221;: [ &#8230; ]<br \/>\n}<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>graphql \u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p>golang\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgraphql-go%2Fgraphql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">github.com\/graphql-go\/graphql<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-go\"><code class=\"  language-go\"><span class=\"token keyword\">func<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Schema<\/span>\r\n    fields <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Fields<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token string\">\"hello\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Field<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n            Type<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>String<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n            Resolve<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>ResolveParams<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">interface<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">error<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"world\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">nil<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    rootQuery <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>ObjectConfig<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>Name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\"RootQuery\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> Fields<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> fields<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    schemaConfig <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>SchemaConfig<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>Query<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">NewObject<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>rootQuery<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> err <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">NewSchema<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>schemaConfig<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> err <span class=\"token operator\">!=<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">nil<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n        log<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Fatalf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\"failed to create new schema, error: %v\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> err<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Query<\/span>\r\n    query <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">`\r\n        {\r\n            hello\r\n        }\r\n    `<\/span>\r\n    params <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Params<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>Schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> RequestString<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> query<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    r <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> graphql<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Do<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>params<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">len<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>r<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Errors<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n        log<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Fatalf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\"failed to execute graphql operation, errors: %+v\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Errors<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n    rJSON<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">_<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:=<\/span> json<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Marshal<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n    fmt<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\"%s \\n\"<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> rJSON<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ {\u201cdata\u201d:{\u201chello\u201d:\u201dworld\u201d}}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4>N+1 \u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<p>graphql \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u9020\u6210\u6027\u80fd\u6d6a\u8d39<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-cpp\"><code class=\"  language-cpp\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n   school <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      students <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ n student<\/span>\r\n         <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgraph-gophers%2Fdataloader\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DataLoader<\/a><br \/>\nDataLoader\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3[N+1\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898]<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u591a\u4e2aid \u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-package\">\n<div class=\"image-container\">\n<div class=\"image-container-fill\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image-view\" data-width=\"506\" data-height=\"458\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-99cdd9e731fb9edc.png?imageMogr2\/auto-orient\/strip|imageView2\/2\/w\/506\/format\/webp\" data-original-src=\"\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-99cdd9e731fb9edc.png\" data-original-width=\"506\" data-original-height=\"458\" data-original-format=\"image\/png\" data-original-filesize=\"20343\" data-image-index=\"2\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"image-caption\">image.png<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-jsx\"><code class=\"  language-jsx\"><span class=\"token keyword\">var<\/span> DataLoader <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">require<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">'dataloader'<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">var<\/span> userLoader <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">DataLoader<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">keys<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">myBatchGetUsers<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>keys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\nuserLoader<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">load<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">then<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">user<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">=&gt;<\/span> userLoader<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">load<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>user<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>invitedByID<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">then<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">invitedBy<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">=&gt;<\/span> console<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">log<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token template-string\"><span class=\"token template-punctuation string\">`<\/span><span class=\"token string\">User 1 was invited by <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token interpolation-punctuation punctuation\">${<\/span>invitedBy<span class=\"token interpolation-punctuation punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token template-punctuation string\">`<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Elsewhere in your application<\/span>\r\nuserLoader<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">load<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">then<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">user<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">=&gt;<\/span> userLoader<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">load<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>user<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>lastInvitedID<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">then<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">lastInvited<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">=&gt;<\/span> console<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">log<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token template-string\"><span class=\"token template-punctuation string\">`<\/span><span class=\"token string\">User 2 last invited <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token interpolation-punctuation punctuation\">${<\/span>lastInvited<span class=\"token interpolation-punctuation punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token template-punctuation string\">`<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7f13\u5b58<br \/>\n\u5185\u5b58\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff0cload\u4e00\u6b21\uff0cDataLoader\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u518dload\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u540e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-dart\"><code class=\"  language-dart\"><span class=\"token keyword\">var<\/span> userLoader <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">DataLoader<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">var<\/span> promise1A <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> userLoader<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">load<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">var<\/span> promise1B <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> userLoader<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">load<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>promise1A <span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> promise1B<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u7b49<\/p>\n<h4>gprc \u4e0e graphql (java)<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Frejoiner.io%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Rejoiner<\/a>\u00a0Generates a unified GraphQL schema from gRPC microservices and other Protobuf sources<\/p>\n<h4>\u67b6\u6784\u65b9\u6848 schema \u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\/\u591a\u7248\u672c<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u591a\u7248\u672c\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Schema \u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u5916\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b GraphQL \u8bf7\u6c42\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cgraphql service\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u9646\u6e38\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1 \u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684 Schema \u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-package\">\n<div class=\"image-container\">\n<div class=\"image-container-fill\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image-view\" data-width=\"471\" data-height=\"379\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-f283dd19a05a2083.png?imageMogr2\/auto-orient\/strip|imageView2\/2\/w\/471\/format\/webp\" data-original-src=\"\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-f283dd19a05a2083.png\" data-original-width=\"471\" data-original-height=\"379\" data-original-format=\"image\/png\" data-original-filesize=\"14596\" data-image-index=\"3\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"image-caption\">\u7c98\u5408schema<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>schema \u7c98\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684schema\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0cgraphql service \u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9bmerged \u4e4b\u540e\u7684schema\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9bgraph \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a5schema\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u8026\u5408\u4e86graphql \u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8<\/li>\n<li>\u7c98\u5408\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u627f\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u524d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684Schema Stitching\u65b9\u6848\u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u4e8enodejs \u7684\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/links.jianshu.com\/go?to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fapollographql%2Fgraphql-tools%2Fblob%2Fb8ac3257f812727e8a456b4035dd7c28419bb6b7%2Fdocs%2Fsource%2Fschema-stitching.md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">javascript \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"_2Uzcx_\"><button class=\"VJbwyy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\"><i class=\"anticon anticon-copy\" aria-label=\"icon: copy\"><\/i><\/button><\/p>\n<pre class=\"line-numbers  language-rust\"><code class=\"  language-rust\">import <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  makeExecutableSchema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n  addMockFunctionsToSchema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n  mergeSchemas<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> from <span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">'graphql-tools<\/span><span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">';<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Mocked chirp schema<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ We don't worry about the schema implementation right now since we're just<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ demonstrating schema stitching.<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> chirpSchema <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">makeExecutableSchema<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  typeDefs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> `\r\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Chirp <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span>\r\n      text<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n      authorId<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Query <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token function\">chirpById<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> Chirp\r\n      <span class=\"token function\">chirpsByAuthorId<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>authorId<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>Chirp<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  `\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token function\">addMockFunctionsToSchema<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> chirpSchema <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Mocked author schema<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> authorSchema <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">makeExecutableSchema<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  typeDefs<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> `\r\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> User <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span>\r\n      email<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> String\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">type<\/span> Query <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"token function\">userById<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-rules function\">ID!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> User\r\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\r\n  `\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"token function\">addMockFunctionsToSchema<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> authorSchema <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\nexport <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> schema <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">mergeSchemas<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>\r\n  schemas<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>\r\n    chirpSchema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n    authorSchema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u8c03\u7528<br \/>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u7684schema\u548cgraphql service\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9brpc \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u8005rest api\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cgraphql service\u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u522b\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52a1rpc \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u6309\u7167schema\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u524d\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"image-package\">\n<div class=\"image-container\">\n<div class=\"image-container-fill\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image-view\" data-width=\"471\" data-height=\"379\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-b91f12fc685b8ca6.png?imageMogr2\/auto-orient\/strip|imageView2\/2\/w\/471\/format\/webp\" data-original-src=\"\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-b91f12fc685b8ca6.png\" data-original-width=\"471\" data-original-height=\"379\" data-original-format=\"image\/png\" data-original-filesize=\"13087\" data-image-index=\"4\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"image-caption\">graphql service\u4e3b\u52a8\u7ec4\u5408\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u4fb5\u5165\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u548cgraphql \u6ca1\u6709\u8026\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<li>graphql\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u9644\u52a0\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff08\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u6388\u6743\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63a5\u53e3\u805a\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53e3\u9891\u7e41\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0egraphql service \u5f00\u53d1\u538b\u529b\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8egraph \u7f51\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u5212\u5206\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4e0d\u5b9c\u628a\u8fc7\u91cd\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u653e\u7f6e\u5230graphql service \u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u67b6\u6784\u60f3\u8c61<\/h4>\n<p>\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7248\u56fe\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7531\u4e8egraphql\u662f\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u9762\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u76ee\u524d\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u56fe\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7c98\u5408\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u7f51\u7edc\uff08graph\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-package\">\n<div class=\"image-container\">\n<div class=\"image-container-fill\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image-view\" data-width=\"487\" data-height=\"466\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-5ccf6251b84307f4.png?imageMogr2\/auto-orient\/strip|imageView2\/2\/w\/487\/format\/webp\" data-original-src=\"\/\/upload-images.jianshu.io\/upload_images\/16213394-5ccf6251b84307f4.png\" data-original-width=\"487\" data-original-height=\"466\" data-original-format=\"image\/png\" data-original-filesize=\"21792\" data-image-index=\"5\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"image-caption\">graph technical.png<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u591aschema \/ \u5355schema \u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8005\u6269\u5c55\u7ec4\u5efa\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7bschema \uff08grpc protocl\uff09\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210graph schema\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8egraph \u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4\u9700\u8981\u4e0egraphql\u89e3\u8026\uff1a<br \/>\ngraphql service \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u95f4\u5efa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4ecegraphql service\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740 Graphql \u4ecb\u7ecd grap<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[121],"class_list":["post-5859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-value_docs","tag-05-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5859"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5859\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}