{"id":716,"date":"2017-11-30T11:59:22","date_gmt":"2017-11-30T03:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn:15443\/?p=716"},"modified":"2017-11-30T11:59:22","modified_gmt":"2017-11-30T03:59:22","slug":"linux-grep%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/716","title":{"rendered":"linux grep\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"PostIndex-header av-paddingTop av-card\" data-zop=\"{&quot;authorName&quot;:&quot;\u6708\u98de\u9c7c&quot;,&quot;itemId&quot;:&quot;26381340&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;linux grep\u547d\u4ee4&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article&quot;}\" data-za-module=\"PostItem\" data-za-module-info=\"{&quot;card&quot;:{&quot;content&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Post&quot;,&quot;token&quot;:&quot;26381340&quot;}}}\">\n<div class=\"PostIndex-author\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/people\/zi-fei-yu-29-35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Avatar-hemingway PostIndex-authorAvatar Avatar--xs\" src=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/50\/v2-c2e5373bdef087f034be0a0f2311496a_xs.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/50\/v2-c2e5373bdef087f034be0a0f2311496a_l.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\u6708\u98de\u9c7c\" \/><\/a><a class=\"PostIndex-authorName\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/people\/zi-fei-yu-29-35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6708\u98de\u9c7c<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"HoverTitle\" data-hover-title=\"2017 \u5e74 4\u6708 15 \u65e5\u661f\u671f\u516d\u4e0b\u5348 3 \u70b9 17 \u5206\"><time datetime=\"Sat Apr 15 2017 15:17:00 GMT+0800 (\u4e2d\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4)\">7 \u4e2a\u6708\u524d<\/time><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"RichText PostIndex-content av-paddingSide av-card\">\n<p><b>1.\u4f5c\u7528<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5339 \u914d\u7684\u884c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002grep\u5168\u79f0\u662fGlobal Regular Expression Print\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5168\u5c40\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>2.\u683c\u5f0f<\/b><br \/>\ngrep [options]<\/p>\n<p>3.\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570<br \/>\n[options]\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<br \/>\n\uff0dc\uff1a\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<br \/>\n\uff0dI\uff1a\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927 \u5c0f\u5199(\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u5b57\u7b26)\u3002<br \/>\n\uff0dh\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<br \/>\n\uff0dl\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<br \/>\n\uff0dn\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u53ca \u884c\u53f7\u3002<br \/>\n\uff0ds\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u65e0\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n\uff0dv\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u3002<br \/>\npattern\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<br \/>\n\\\uff1a \u5ffd\u7565\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u539f\u6709\u542b\u4e49\u3002<br \/>\n^\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n$: \u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\\&lt;\uff1a\u4ece\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe \u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<br \/>\n\\&gt;\uff1a\u5230\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<br \/>\n[ ]\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982[A]\u5373A\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42 \u3002<br \/>\n[ &#8211; ]\uff1a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982[A-Z]\uff0c\u5373A\u3001B\u3001C\u4e00\u76f4\u5230Z\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42 \u3002<br \/>\n\u3002\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<br \/>\n* \uff1a\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>4.grep\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/b><br \/>\n$ grep \u2018test\u2019 d*<br \/>\n\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4ee5d\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b test\u7684\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n$ grep \u2018test\u2019 aa bb cc<br \/>\n\u663e\u793a\u5728aa\uff0cbb\uff0ccc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5339\u914dtest\u7684\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n$ grep \u2018[a-z]\\{5\\}\u2019 aa<br \/>\n\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u81f3\u5c11\u67095\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n$ grep \u2018w\\(es\\)t.*\\1\u2032 aa<br \/>\n\u5982\u679cwest\u88ab\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219es\u5c31\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u641c\u7d22\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26(.*)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740 \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2aes(\\1)\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528egrep\u6216grep -E\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u201d\\\u201d\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\u2019w(es)t.*\\1\u2032\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>5.grep\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u6742\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/b><br \/>\n\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u2019\/usr\/src\/Linux\/Doc\u2019\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u5b57\u7b26 \u4e32\u2019magic\u2019\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<br \/>\n$ grep magic \/usr\/src\/Linux\/Doc\/*<br \/>\nsysrq.txt:* How do I enable the magic SysRQ key?<br \/>\nsysrq.txt:* How do I use the magic SysRQ key?<br \/>\n\u5176\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u2019sysrp.txt\u2019\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f SysRQ \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br \/>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u2019grep\u2019\u53ea\u641c\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c \u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u2019grep\u2019\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\uff1a<br \/>\ngrep: sound: Is a directory<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u2019grep\u2019 \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u96be\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/>\n\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u641c\u7d22\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1agrep -r<br \/>\n\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff1agrep -d skip<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5f88\u591a \u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5230\u2019less\u2019\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<br \/>\n$ grep magic \/usr\/src\/Linux\/Documentation\/* | less<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u60a8\u5fc5\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f(\u641c\u7d22\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bdd\u7528 *)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u2019grep\u2019\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u7740\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6309 &lt;CTRL c&gt; \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<br \/>\ngrep -i pattern files \uff1a\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5730\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep -l pattern files \uff1a\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep -L pattern files \uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep -w pattern files \uff1a\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206(\u5982\u5339\u914d\u2019magic\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u2019magical\u2019)\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep -C number pattern files \uff1a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5206\u522b\u663e\u793a[number]\u884c\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep pattern1 | pattern2 files \uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d pattern1 \u6216 pattern2 \u7684\u884c\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep pattern1 files | grep pattern2 \uff1a\u663e\u793a\u65e2\u5339\u914d pattern1 \u53c8\u5339\u914d pattern2 \u7684\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>grep -n pattern files \u5373\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p>grep -c pattern files \u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u603b\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\uff1a<br \/>\n\\&lt; \u548c \\&gt; \u5206\u522b\u6807\u6ce8\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/>\ngrep man * \u4f1a\u5339\u914d \u2018Batman\u2019\u3001\u2019manic\u2019\u3001\u2019man\u2019\u7b49\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep \u2018\\&lt;man\u2019 * \u5339\u914d\u2019manic\u2019\u548c\u2019man\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u2019Batman\u2019\uff0c<br \/>\ngrep \u2018\\&lt;man\\&gt;\u2019 \u53ea\u5339\u914d\u2019man\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u2019Batman\u2019\u6216\u2019manic\u2019\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<br \/>\n\u2018^\u2019\uff1a\u6307\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u884c\u9996\uff0c<br \/>\n\u2018$\u2019\uff1a\u6307\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u884c \u5c3e\uff0c<\/p>\n<h2>Grep \u547d\u4ee4 \u7528\u6cd5\u5927\u5168<\/h2>\n<p><b>1\u3001 \u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\n-I \uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<br \/>\n-c \uff1a\u6253\u5370\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u6570<br \/>\n-l \uff1a\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u9879<br \/>\n-v \uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u9879\u7684\u884c<br \/>\n-n\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u9879\u7684\u884c\u548c\u884c\u6807<\/p>\n<p><b>2\u3001RE\uff08\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff09\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\n\\ \u5ffd\u7565\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u539f\u6709\u542b\u4e49<br \/>\n^ \u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u884c<br \/>\n$ \u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u884c<br \/>\n\\&lt; \u4ece\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u5f00\u59cb<br \/>\n\\&gt; \u5230\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f<br \/>\n[ ] \u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b\u5982[A] \u5373A\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42<br \/>\n[ &#8211; ] \u8303\u56f4 \uff1b\u5982[A-Z]\u5373A\uff0cB\uff0cC\u4e00\u76f4\u5230Z\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42<br \/>\n. \u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<br \/>\n* \u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a0<\/p>\n<p><b>3\u3001\u4e3e\u4f8b\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\n# ps -ef | grep in.telnetd<br \/>\nroot 19955 181 0 13:43:53 ? 0:00 in.telnetd<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt size\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\nb124230<br \/>\nb034325<br \/>\na081016<br \/>\nm7187998<br \/>\nm7282064<br \/>\na022021<br \/>\na061048<br \/>\nm9324822<br \/>\nb103303<br \/>\na013386<br \/>\nb044525<br \/>\nm8987131<br \/>\nB081016<br \/>\nM45678<br \/>\nB103303<br \/>\nBADc2345<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt | grep &#8216;[a-b]&#8217; \u8303\u56f4 \uff1b\u5982[A-Z]\u5373A\uff0cB\uff0cC\u4e00\u76f4\u5230Z\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42<br \/>\nb124230<br \/>\nb034325<br \/>\na081016<br \/>\na022021<br \/>\na061048<br \/>\nb103303<br \/>\na013386<br \/>\nb044525<br \/>\n# more size.txt | grep &#8216;[a-b]&#8217;*<br \/>\nb124230<br \/>\nb034325<br \/>\na081016<br \/>\nm7187998<br \/>\nm7282064<br \/>\na022021<br \/>\na061048<br \/>\nm9324822<br \/>\nb103303<br \/>\na013386<br \/>\nb044525<br \/>\nm8987131<br \/>\nB081016<br \/>\nM45678<br \/>\nB103303<br \/>\nBADc2345<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt | grep &#8216;b&#8217; \u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b\u5982[A] \u5373A\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42<br \/>\nb124230<br \/>\nb034325<br \/>\nb103303<br \/>\nb044525<br \/>\n# more size.txt | grep &#8216;[bB]&#8217;<br \/>\nb124230<br \/>\nb034325<br \/>\nb103303<br \/>\nb044525<br \/>\nB081016<br \/>\nB103303<br \/>\nBADc2345<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;root&#8217; \/etc\/group<br \/>\nroot::0:root<br \/>\nbin::2:root,bin,daemon<br \/>\nsys::3:root,bin,sys,adm<br \/>\nadm::4:root,adm,daemon<br \/>\nuucp::5:root,uucp<br \/>\nmail::6:root<br \/>\ntty::7:root,tty,adm<br \/>\nlp::8:root,lp,adm<br \/>\nnuucp::9:root,nuucp<br \/>\ndaemon::12:root,daemon<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;^root&#8217; \/etc\/group \u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u884c<br \/>\nroot::0:root<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;uucp&#8217; \/etc\/group<br \/>\nuucp::5:root,uucp<br \/>\nnuucp::9:root,nuucp<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;\\&lt;uucp&#8217; \/etc\/group<br \/>\nuucp::5:root,uucp<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;root$&#8217; \/etc\/group \u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u884c<br \/>\nroot::0:root<br \/>\nmail::6:root<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt | grep -i &#8216;b1..*3&#8217; -i \uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n<p>b124230<br \/>\nb103303<br \/>\nB103303<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt | grep -iv &#8216;b1..*3&#8217; -v \uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u9879\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p>b034325<br \/>\na081016<br \/>\nm7187998<br \/>\nm7282064<br \/>\na022021<br \/>\na061048<br \/>\nm9324822<br \/>\na013386<br \/>\nb044525<br \/>\nm8987131<br \/>\nB081016<br \/>\nM45678<br \/>\nBADc2345<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt | grep -in &#8216;b1..*3&#8217;<br \/>\n1:b124230<br \/>\n9:b103303<br \/>\n15:B103303<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;$&#8217; \/etc\/init.d\/nfs.server | wc -l<br \/>\n128<br \/>\n# grep &#8216;\\$&#8217; \/etc\/init.d\/nfs.server | wc \u2013l \u5ffd\u7565\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u539f\u6709\u542b\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>15<br \/>\n# grep &#8216;\\$&#8217; \/etc\/init.d\/nfs.server<br \/>\ncase &#8220;$1&#8221; in<br \/>\n&gt;\/tmp\/sharetab.$$<br \/>\n[ &#8220;x$fstype&#8221; != xnfs ] &amp;&amp;<br \/>\necho &#8220;$path\\t$res\\t$fstype\\t$opts\\t$desc&#8221;<br \/>\n&gt;&gt;\/tmp\/sharetab.$$<br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/touch -r \/etc\/dfs\/sharetab \/tmp\/sharetab.$$<br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\/mv -f \/tmp\/sharetab.$$ \/etc\/dfs\/sharetab<br \/>\nif [ -f \/etc\/dfs\/dfstab ] &amp;&amp; \/usr\/bin\/egrep -v &#8216;^[ ]*(#|$)&#8217;<br \/>\nif [ $startnfsd -eq 0 -a -f \/etc\/rmmount.conf ] &amp;&amp;<br \/>\nif [ $startnfsd -ne 0 ]; then<br \/>\nelif [ ! -n &#8220;$_INIT_RUN_LEVEL&#8221; ]; then<br \/>\nwhile [ $wtime -gt 0 ]; do<br \/>\nwtime=`expr $wtime &#8211; 1`<br \/>\nif [ $wtime -eq 0 ]; then<br \/>\necho &#8220;Usage: $0 { start | stop }&#8221;<\/p>\n<p># more size.txt<\/p>\n<p>the test file<br \/>\ntheir are files<br \/>\nThe end<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;the&#8217; size.txt<br \/>\nthe test file<br \/>\ntheir are files<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;\\&lt;the&#8217; size.txt<br \/>\nthe test file<br \/>\ntheir are files<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;the\\&gt;&#8217; size.txt<br \/>\nthe test file<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;\\&lt;the\\&gt;&#8217; size.txt<br \/>\nthe test file<\/p>\n<p># grep &#8216;\\&lt;[Tt]he\\&gt;&#8217; size.txt<br \/>\nthe test file<\/p>\n<p>==================================================================<\/p>\n<p><b>1,\u7b80\u4ecb<\/b><br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u9014\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177.\u8fd9\u4e2aphp?name=%C3%FC%C1%EE&#8221; onclick=&#8221;tagshow(event)&#8221; class=&#8221;t_tag&#8221;&gt;\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u6765\u662fed\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aphp?name=%C3%FC%C1%EE&#8221; onclick=&#8221;tagshow(event)&#8221; class=&#8221;t_tag&#8221;&gt;\u547d\u4ee4\/\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668:<br \/>\ng\/re\/p &#8212; global &#8211; regular expression &#8211; print.<br \/>\n\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f<br \/>\ngrep pattern [file&#8230;]<br \/>\n(1)grep \u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 [filename]<br \/>\n(2)grep \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f [filename]<br \/>\n\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709 pattern \u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e, pattern \u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f.<br \/>\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\/\u800c\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7<\/p>\n<p><b>2,grep\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/b><br \/>\n-c \u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u6570<br \/>\n-i \u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u5b57\u7b26\uff09<br \/>\n-n \u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u53f7<br \/>\n-v \u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u884c<br \/>\n-s \u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<br \/>\n-E \u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<br \/>\n\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\uff1aman grep<\/p>\n<p><b>3,\u5e38\u7528grep\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/b><\/p>\n<p>(1)\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u8be2<br \/>\ngrep &#8220;sort&#8221; *.doc #\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n<p>(2)\u884c\u5339\u914d:\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u6570<br \/>\ngrep -c &#8220;48&#8221; data.doc #\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u542b\u670948\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u884c\u6570<br \/>\ngrep -n &#8220;48&#8221; data.doc #\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d48\u7684\u884c\u548c\u884c\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>(4)\u663e\u793a\u975e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c<br \/>\ngrep -vn &#8220;48&#8221; data.doc #\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5305\u542b48\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p>(4)\u663e\u793a\u975e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c<br \/>\ngrep -vn &#8220;48&#8221; data.doc #\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5305\u542b48\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p>(5)\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u654f\u611f<br \/>\ngrep -i &#8220;ab&#8221; data.doc #\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u542b\u6709ab\u6216Ab\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p><b>4, \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/p>\n<p>(1)\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e94\u7528 (\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6700\u597d\u628a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765)<br \/>\ngrep &#8216;[239].&#8217; data.doc #\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u542b\u6709\u4ee52,3\u62169\u5f00\u5934\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p>(2)\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u6d4b\u8bd5<br \/>\ngrep &#8216;^[^48]&#8217; data.doc #\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u884c\u9996\u662f48\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<br \/>\ngrep -E &#8216;219|216&#8217; data.doc<\/p>\n<p>(4) &#8230;<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>5, \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u540d<\/b><br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\uff1a<br \/>\n[[:upper:]] [A-Z]<br \/>\n[[:lower:]] [a-z]<br \/>\n[[:digit:]] [0-9]<br \/>\n[[:alnum:]] [0-9a-zA-Z]<br \/>\n[[:space:]] \u7a7a\u683c\u6216tab<br \/>\n[[:alpha:]] [a-zA-Z]<\/p>\n<p><b>(1)\u4f7f\u7528<\/b><br \/>\ngrep &#8216;5[[:upper:]][[:upper:]]&#8217; data.doc #\u67e5\u8be2\u4ee55\u5f00\u5934\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6708\u98de\u9c7c 7 \u4e2a\u6708\u524d 1.\u4f5c\u7528 Linux<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-01-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}