{"id":7632,"date":"2026-08-14T19:28:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/?p=7632"},"modified":"2026-08-14T19:28:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:28:52","slug":"grpc-websocket-http3-quic-tcp-udp-%e4%b8%8eclaude%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%a8%e8%ae%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/7632","title":{"rendered":"gRPC websocket HTTP3 quic TCP\/UDP \u4e0eClaude\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6807\u51c6 gRPC \u662f\u5f3a\u7ed1\u5b9a HTTP\/2<\/strong>\u00a0\u7684,\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u4fbf\u4ec0\u4e48 HTTP \u7248\u672c\u90fd\u884c,\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528 WebSocket\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4f8b\u5916,\u503c\u5f97\u5c55\u5f00\u8bf4\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u6807\u51c6 gRPC:\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u00a0HTTP\/2,\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f HTTP\/1.1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u804a\u7684\u90a3\u5957\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a HTTP\/2 stream\u3001\u7528 DATA \u5e27\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u524d\u7f00\u5206\u5e27\u3001\u7528 trailers \u4f20\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u2014\u2014\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 HTTP\/2 \u7279\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u7684,HTTP\/1.1 \u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4:HTTP\/1.1 \u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528(\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42,\u6216\u8005\u9760 pipelining \u52c9\u5f3a\u51d1\u5408\u4f46\u6709\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898);HTTP\/1.1 \u7684 trailers \u652f\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb,\u800c gRPC \u6070\u6070\u4f9d\u8d56 trailers \u6765\u4f20\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6210\u529f\/\u5931\u8d25\u72b6\u6001;HTTP\/1.1 \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709 HTTP\/2 \u90a3\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e stream \u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6d41\u63a7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4,gRPC \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5efa\u8fde\u65f6,\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 TLS \u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u7684 ALPN(\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u534f\u5546)\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u8d70\u00a0h2<\/code>,\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 HTTP\/2,gRPC \u8fde\u63a5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765,\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728”\u9000\u5316\u6210 HTTP\/1.1 \u517c\u5bb9\u8dd1”\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7528 WebSocket<\/strong><\/p>\n

WebSocket \u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u3001\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e,\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u597d\u50cf\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3 gRPC \u7684\u6d41\u5f0f\u9700\u6c42,\u4f46 Google \u8bbe\u8ba1 gRPC \u65f6\u7279\u610f\u6ca1\u9009\u5b83,\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f:WebSocket\u00a0\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u88f8\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u901a\u9053,\u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u6761 WebSocket \u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8dd1\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684”\u8c03\u7528”,\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u518d\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u5957\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u5e27\u7684\u673a\u5236,\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b HTTP\/2 \u5168\u90fd\u539f\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b,\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u5212\u7b97\u3002\u53e6\u5916 HTTP\/2 \u8fd8\u6709 HPACK \u5934\u90e8\u538b\u7f29\u8fd9\u79cd WebSocket \u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u4f18\u5316,\u800c\u4e14 HTTP\/2 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6 web \u534f\u8bae,\u548c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001CDN \u751f\u6001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e5f\u66f4\u597d\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a HTTP\/2 \u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u652f\u6301\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u719f\u7684,\u65e9\u671f\u4e0d\u5c11 L7 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5bf9 HTTP\/2 \u900f\u4f20\u652f\u6301\u5f97\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d,\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f gRPC \u843d\u5730\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5751\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5916\u573a\u666f:\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u00a0grpc-web,\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u7528\u5230 WebSocket<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u547c\u5e94\u5230\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684 fetch\/XHR API \u6ca1\u6cd5\u8ba9 JS \u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u63a7\u5e95\u5c42 HTTP\/2 \u5e27,\u6ca1\u6cd5\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u8d77\u771f\u6b63\u7684 gRPC \u8c03\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8981\u7528 gRPC,\u8d70\u7684\u662f grpc-web \u8fd9\u6761\u8def,\u800c grpc-web \u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u5b9e\u73b0(Google \u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u4e2a)\u57fa\u4e8e XHR\/fetch,\u5929\u751f\u53ea\u652f\u6301 Unary \u548c Server streaming \u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a XHR\/fetch \u6ca1\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u652f\u6301”\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6301\u7eed\u5f80\u5916\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e”\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u4e49,Client streaming \u548c Bidirectional streaming \u505a\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cc\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u6d41,\u793e\u533a\u91cc\u6709\u4e9b grpc-web \u5b9e\u73b0(\u6bd4\u8f83\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u662f improbable-eng \u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7248\u672c)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e WebSocket \u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u9009\u9879:\u56e0\u4e3a\u00a0WebSocket \u5929\u7136\u652f\u6301\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u3001\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u53d1\u6d88\u606f,\u62ff\u5b83\u5f53\u4f20\u8f93\u8f7d\u4f53,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7aef\u6a21\u62df\u51fa Client streaming \u548c Bidirectional streaming \u7684\u6548\u679c,\u5f25\u8865 fetch\/XHR \u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4,\u4e0d\u662f”gRPC \u672c\u8eab\u7528 WebSocket”,\u800c\u662f”\u67d0\u4e9b grpc-web \u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u517c\u5bb9\u5c42,\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed5\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9650\u5236,\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u7528 WebSocket \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42”\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u914d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53d8\u901a\u65b9\u6848,\u4e0d\u662f gRPC \u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6216\u63a8\u8350\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5c42 proxy \u505a\u8f6c\u8bd1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6807\u51c6 grpc-web \u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e WebSocket \u7684\u53d8\u4f53,\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u683c\u5f0f(grpc-web \u534f\u8bae)\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u771f\u6b63\u7684 gRPC \u670d\u52a1(\u6807\u51c6 HTTP\/2 gRPC \u534f\u8bae)\u5728\u5b57\u8282\u5c42\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4,\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406(\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f Envoy,\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86 grpc-web filter)\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u505a\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u8bd1\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584,\u50cf grpc-go\u3001grpc-node\u3001ASP.NET Core \u7684 gRPC \u5b9e\u73b0,\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301 grpc-web,\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u8981\u989d\u5916\u90e8\u7f72\u4e00\u5c42 Envoy\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u5e26\u4e00\u63d0\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e1a\u754c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u8ba9 gRPC \u8dd1\u5728 HTTP\/3(\u57fa\u4e8e QUIC)\u4e4b\u4e0a,\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 TCP \u5c42\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898,\u4f46\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5f62\u6001,\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 gRPC \u90e8\u7f72\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684 HTTP\/2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u91c7\u7528\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7528http\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a,\u4f46\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684”\u6e38\u620f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u957f\u8fde\u63a5”\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6709\u591a\u654f\u611f,\u4ee5\u53ca”HTTP \u65b9\u5f0f”\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u7684\u662f HTTP \u5bb6\u65cf\u91cc\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6e38\u620f\u884c\u4e1a\u91cc\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u5148\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f20\u7edf\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u6e38\u620f\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u7528 HTTP\/TCP<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7ade\u6280\u7c7b\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u7c7b\u6e38\u620f(FPS\u3001\u683c\u6597\u3001MOBA \u91cc\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u90e8\u5206)\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6781\u5ea6\u654f\u611f,\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u51e0\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u7684\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4,\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u5305(\u73a9\u5bb6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6307\u4ee4,\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u79d2\u949f\u8981\u53d1\u51e0\u5341\u6b21)\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6e38\u620f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728 UDP \u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u534f\u8bae,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528 TCP(\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4 HTTP \u4e86)\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684”\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e”:TCP\u00a0\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u5e8f\u4ea4\u4ed8,\u4e00\u65e6\u4e22\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305,\u540e\u9762\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5f97\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u91cd\u4f20\u6210\u529f\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406,\u54ea\u6015\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65e9\u5c31\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3 3 \u5e27\u4e4b\u524d\u90a3\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u73a9\u5bb6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u9001\u8fbe,\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u8981\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e,\u5b81\u53ef\u4e22\u5f03\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u5361\u987f\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd”\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u53ef\u9760”\u7684\u8bed\u4e49,TCP \u5929\u751f\u505a\u4e0d\u5230,\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u5728 UDP \u4e0a\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50(\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7b56\u7565:\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540c\u6b65\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5e8f,\u4f24\u5bb3\/\u51fb\u6740\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u91cd\u4f20)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u7528 HTTP \u5bb6\u65cf\u534f\u8bae,\u6709\u8fd9\u51e0\u6761\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/p>\n

HTTP\/1.1 \u957f\u8f6e\u8be2(long polling):\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42,\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u56de,\u7b49\u6709\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u624d\u56de,\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u540e\u7acb\u523b\u53d1\u8d77\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u786c\u51d1”\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a8\u9001”\u7684\u6548\u679c,\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9ad8\u3001\u5f00\u9500\u5927,\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u8001\u529e\u6cd5,\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6e38\u620f\u771f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

WebSocket:\u8fd9\u662f\u76ee\u524d”\u7528 HTTP \u8d77\u6b65\u505a\u6e38\u620f\u957f\u8fde\u63a5”\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8d70\u7684\u662f HTTP\/1.1 \u7684 Upgrade \u673a\u5236,\u63e1\u624b\u6210\u529f\u540e\u5c31\u5207\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u5e27\u534f\u8bae,\u4e0d\u518d\u662f HTTP \u8bed\u4e49\u4e86,\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u6807\u51c6 HTTP,\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e5f\u8ba4\u3002\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u82db\u523b\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u2014\u2014\u56de\u5408\u5236\u5361\u724c\u3001\u68cb\u724c\u3001H5 \u5c0f\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 MOBA\/\u653e\u7f6e\u7c7b\u6e38\u620f,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e24\u4e09\u767e\u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4f46 WebSocket \u5e95\u5c42\u8fd8\u662f\u8dd1\u5728 TCP \u4e0a,\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898,\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u51e0\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u5bf9\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

HTTP\/2 \u6d41\u5f0f(\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u804a\u7684 gRPC bidirectional streaming):\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u6301\u4e45\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u3001\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5,\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u6bd4 HTTP\/1.1 \u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u6e38\u620f\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f,\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5728 TCP \u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684,\u4e00\u6837\u7ee7\u627f TCP \u7684\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u5982\u679c\u4e22\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305,\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc\u5176\u4ed6 stream \u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ddf\u7740\u5361\u4f4f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 HTTP\/2 \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u6e38\u620f\u91cc”\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u5b9e\u65f6”\u7684\u90e8\u5206,\u6bd4\u5982\u804a\u5929\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u975e\u6218\u6597\u6570\u636e,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6218\u6597\u5e27\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

HTTP\/3(\u57fa\u4e8e QUIC):\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b9\u5411,\u56e0\u4e3a QUIC \u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u5efa\u5728 UDP \u4e4b\u4e0a,\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 TCP \u90a3\u79cd”\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5185\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u4e92\u76f8\u62d6\u7d2f”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a stream \u7684\u4e22\u5305\u91cd\u4f20\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684,\u4e00\u4e2a stream \u5361\u4e86\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6 stream\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u8981\u533a\u5206:\u6e38\u620f\u884c\u4e1a\u5982\u679c\u7528\u00a0QUIC,\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u628a QUIC \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a”\u81ea\u5e26\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42”\u6765\u7528,\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e38\u620f\u534f\u8bae,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5faa HTTP\/3 \u90a3\u5957\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4,\u662f”\u501f\u7528 QUIC \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e95\u5c42\u6280\u672f”\u800c\u4e0d\u662f”\u771f\u7684\u7528 HTTP \u8bed\u4e49\u6765\u4f20\u6e38\u620f\u6570\u636e”\u3002\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u5728\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a2\u7d22,\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3001\u4f46\u5f88\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u7531:\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7a7f\u900f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f,\u4e0d\u5c11\u5382\u5546\u5373\u4fbf\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u7814 UDP \u534f\u8bae,\u4e5f\u4f1a\u989d\u5916\u505a\u4e00\u6761 WebSocket \u6216 HTTP\/2 \u7684”\u5907\u7528\u901a\u9053”,\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u80fd,\u800c\u662f\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u673a\u573a\u9152\u5e97 Wi-Fi\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684 NAT \u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u5c01\u9501\u6216\u9650\u5236\u4efb\u610f UDP \u7aef\u53e3,\u4f46\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u4e0d\u5c01\u9501\u6807\u51c6\u7684 443(HTTPS)\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u6e38\u620f\u4f1a\u505a\u6210”\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u81ea\u7814 UDP,UDP \u8fde\u4e0d\u901a\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u964d\u7ea7\u5230 WebSocket\/HTTPS”\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u901a\u9053\u7b56\u7565,\u7528 HTTP-like \u534f\u8bae\u6362\u53d6”\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u8fde\u4e0a\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u5dee\u4e00\u70b9”,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u600e\u4e48\u9009<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u662f\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u7ade\u6280\u7c7b,\u6838\u5fc3\u6218\u6597\u540c\u6b65\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u7528\u4efb\u4f55 HTTP \u5bb6\u65cf\u534f\u8bae,\u81ea\u7814 UDP(\u6216\u8005\u7528 ENet\u3001KCP \u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u9760 UDP \u5e93)\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e1a\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56de\u5408\u5236\u3001\u5361\u724c\u3001\u653e\u7f6e\u3001\u8f7b\u5ea6\u8054\u673a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6e38\u620f,WebSocket \u662f\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u9009\u62e9,\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u90fd\u7b80\u5355\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u67b6\u6784\u91cc\u65e2\u6709\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u5206,\u53c8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u529f\u80fd(\u804a\u5929\u3001\u5546\u57ce\u3001\u597d\u53cb\u3001\u5339\u914d\u3001\u6392\u884c\u699c),\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6218\u6597\u8d70\u81ea\u7814 UDP,\u5468\u8fb9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d70 HTTP\/gRPC\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u804a Crossplane\/Terraform \u5206\u5c42\u601d\u8def\u65f6\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u539f\u5219:\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u7528\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u5177,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u671b\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u6253\u5929\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

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\u5148\u628a\u5206\u5c42\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u6e05\u695a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5c42\u4ece\u4e0b\u5230\u4e0a\u5927\u81f4\u662f:\u94fe\u8def\u5c42(\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\/WiFi)\u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42(IP)\u2192 \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42(TCP \u6216 UDP,\u4e8c\u9009\u4e00,\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb)\u2192 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42(HTTP\u3001DNS\u3001gRPC \u7b49)\u3002TCP \u548c UDP \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a”\u5144\u5f1f\u534f\u8bae”,\u5404\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u5934\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u2014\u2014TCP \u6709\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u590d\u6742\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u5e8f;UDP \u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b,\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e86,\u662f”\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a”\u7684\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5c01\u88c5\u5728 IP \u62a5\u6587\u91cc\u4f20\u8f93,\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u4f9d\u8d56\u8c01\u3001\u8c01\u5305\u542b\u8c01\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u628a”TCP\/IP”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edf\u79f0\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e86”TCP \u5efa\u7acb\u5728 IP \u4e4b\u4e0a,\u800c IP \u53c8\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 UDP \u4e4b\u4e0a”\u8fd9\u79cd\u94fe\u6761,\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a IP \u4e4b\u4e0a\u662f TCP \u548c UDP \u4e24\u6761\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u8def,\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4e32\u8054\u7684\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9632\u706b\u5899\u600e\u4e48\u533a\u5206 TCP \u548c UDP<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u80fd\u529b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u6709\u7684,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u6b8a\u624b\u6bb5\u3002IP \u62a5\u6587\u5934\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u53eb Protocol(IPv4)\u6216\u8005 Next Header(IPv6),\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u5b57,\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6”\u8fd9\u4e2a IP \u5305\u91cc\u88c5\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6570\u636e”\u2014\u2014TCP \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b57 6,UDP \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b57 17,ICMP(\u6bd4\u5982 ping \u7528\u7684)\u5bf9\u5e94 1,\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ea\u8981\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5,\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u662f TCP \u8fd8\u662f UDP,\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9,\u60f3\u5355\u72ec\u653e\u884c TCP\u3001\u5355\u72ec\u5c01\u9501 UDP \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u591a\u73af\u5883\u503e\u5411\u4e8e”\u653e\u884c TCP\u3001\u9650\u5236 UDP”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u8003\u91cf:<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u662f TCP \u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b(SYN \u2192 SYN-ACK \u2192 ACK),\u9632\u706b\u5899\/NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63e1\u624b\u6765\u505a”\u72b6\u6001\u8ffd\u8e2a”(stateful filtering)\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7531\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u8d77\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6b63\u5e38\u5e94\u7b54\u7684\u8fde\u63a5,\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5224\u65ad”\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u4f1a\u8bdd”\u3002\u800c UDP \u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684,\u6ca1\u6709\u63e1\u624b\u53ef\u4f9b\u8ffd\u8e2a,\u9632\u706b\u5899\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u53bb\u731c”\u8fd9\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd”,\u5929\u7136\u5c31\u66f4\u96be\u505a\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236,\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u5e72\u8106\u91c7\u53d6\u4fdd\u5b88\u505a\u6cd5:\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u00a0UDP,\u53ea\u653e\u884c\u5c11\u6570\u660e\u786e\u9700\u8981\u7684(\u6bd4\u5982 DNS \u7528\u7684 UDP 53)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a UDP \u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5c04\u653e\u5927\u578b DDoS \u653b\u51fb(\u6bd4\u5982 DNS \u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb\u3001NTP \u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb),\u8fd9\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u5229\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u662f UDP \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f2a\u9020\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7279\u6027,\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u5f00\u653e\u4efb\u610f UDP \u7aef\u53e3\u6709\u5929\u7136\u7684\u8b66\u60d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u2014\u2014TCP \u7684 80\/443 \u7aef\u53e3\u627f\u8f7d\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u6c42,\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u673a\u573a\u9152\u5e97 Wi-Fi \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c01\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3,\u4e0d\u7136\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7528\u4e86;\u4f46\u4efb\u610f\u7684 UDP \u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u529e\u516c\/\u516c\u5171\u7f51\u7edc\u573a\u666f\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1(\u6e38\u620f\u3001P2P\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f”\u989d\u5916”\u7684\u6d41\u91cf),\u7d22\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7ebf\u76f4\u63a5\u9650\u5236\u6389,\u6f0f\u6389\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u53ea\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5(\u6bd4\u5982\u8d70 TCP \u515c\u5e95)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u662f NAT \u5bf9 UDP \u7684\u5904\u7406\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u8106\u5f31,UDP \u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5,NAT \u8bbe\u5907\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u52a0\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u6765\u7ef4\u6301”\u5185\u7f51 IP:\u7aef\u53e3\u00a0\u2194 \u5916\u7f51\u6620\u5c04”\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb,\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed(\u51e0\u5341\u79d2\u5230\u51e0\u5206\u949f),\u7a0d\u5fae\u7a7a\u95f2\u4e00\u4e0b\u6620\u5c04\u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86,\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f9d\u8d56 UDP \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0”\u8fde\u63a5\u83ab\u540d\u65ad\u6389”\u7684\u73b0\u8c61,\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u591a UDP \u5e94\u7528(\u5305\u62ec\u6e38\u620f)\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u6bd4 TCP \u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u51fa\u95ee\u9898,\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f”\u88ab\u6545\u610f\u5c01”,\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f NAT\/\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5207\u9898\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38:HTTP\/3 \u4e5f\u4f1a\u8e29\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5751<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u804a\u5230\u7684 HTTP\/3\/QUIC(\u867d\u7136\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d)\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d7\u9650\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u6c34\u571f\u4e0d\u670d\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a QUIC \u5e95\u5c42\u7528\u7684\u662f UDP,\u5982\u679c\u6240\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9 UDP \u9650\u5236\u4e25\u683c,QUIC \u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u9650\u901f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u652f\u6301 HTTP\/3 \u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u90fd\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86”\u56de\u9000\u673a\u5236”:\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u00a0QUIC\/UDP,\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u901a\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u964d\u7ea7\u56de HTTP\/2(\u57fa\u4e8e TCP)\u3002\u8fd9\u8ddf\u6e38\u620f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef”\u4f18\u5148 UDP\u3001\u8fde\u4e0d\u901a\u5c31\u5207 WebSocket\/HTTPS”\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u7406,\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9”\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u5bf9 UDP \u4e0d\u53cb\u597d”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u578b\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u597d\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u804a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u70b9(TCP\/UDP\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001WebSocket\u3001QUIC\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7a7f\u900f)\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u9009\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u4e0d\u662f”\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u534f\u8bae”,\u800c\u662f\u6309\u6d41\u91cf\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u5c42,\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7528\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u2014\u2014\u4e0b\u9762\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65:\u5148\u628a\u6d41\u91cf\u6309\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u5206\u7c7b,\u4e0d\u8981\u6307\u671b\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u6253\u5929\u4e0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u7c7b:\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73a9\u6cd5\u6570\u636e(\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u6218\u6597\u4e8b\u4ef6),\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8981\u6c42\u51e0\u5341\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7,\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u636e”\u65e7\u7684\u5c31\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86”(\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e27\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e);\u6b21\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u636e(\u804a\u5929\u3001\u975e\u5173\u952e\u72b6\u6001\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u89c2\u6218\u6570\u636e\u6d41),\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e00\u4e24\u767e\u6beb\u79d2;\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u670d\u52a1(\u767b\u5f55\u9274\u6743\u3001\u5546\u57ce\u3001\u6392\u884c\u699c\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u57cb\u70b9\u4e0a\u62a5),\u7528\u6807\u51c6 Web \u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u5168\u591f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684,\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u9053:QUIC\u00a0\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u81ea\u7814 UDP \u534f\u8bae(ENet\u3001RakNet\u3001KCP \u8fd9\u7c7b),\u539f\u56e0\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u804a\u8fc7\u2014\u2014TCP \u7684\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u707e\u96be\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6295\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u5411:QUIC\u3002QUIC \u76f8\u6bd4\u81ea\u7814 UDP \u534f\u8bae\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u52bf:\u4e00\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f3a\u5236\u00a0TLS 1.3 \u52a0\u5bc6,\u4e0d\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u989d\u5916\u64cd\u5fc3\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168,\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9632\u4f5c\u5f0a\u3001\u9632\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e73\u53f0\u5408\u89c4\u8981\u6c42(\u5c24\u5176\u4e3b\u673a\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u5546\u5e97\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u8981\u6c42)\u5f88\u91cd\u8981;\u4e8c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5185\u7684\u591a\u4e2a stream \u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb,\u67d0\u4e2a stream \u4e22\u5305\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62d6\u7d2f\u5176\u4ed6 stream(\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684 TCP \u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898),\u540c\u65f6 QUIC \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u53eb unreliable datagram(\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u62a5,\u5bf9\u5e94 RFC 9221),\u8ba9\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u91cc,\u65e2\u7528\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u5e8f\u7684 stream \u4f20\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6(\u51fb\u6740\u3001\u62fe\u53d6\u3001\u804a\u5929),\u53c8\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4f20\u9ad8\u9891\u3001\u53ef\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u72b6\u6001(\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540c\u6b65)\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f”\u81ea\u7814 UDP \u534f\u8bae”\u60f3\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c,\u4f46\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u6709\u6210\u719f\u5e93\u652f\u6301(Google \u7684 quiche\u3001Meta \u7684 mvfst\u3001Microsoft \u7684 msquic\u3001Cloudflare \u7684 quiche\u3001Go \u7684 quic-go \u7b49)\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc1\u79fb(connection migration):QUIC\u00a0\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u9760 connection ID \u6807\u8bc6\u7684,\u4e0d\u50cf TCP \u9760”\u6e90 IP+\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3+\u76ee\u7684 IP+\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56db\u5143\u7ec4,\u6240\u4ee5\u73a9\u5bb6\u4ece WiFi \u5207\u6362\u5230\u8702\u7a9d\u7f51\u7edc\u3001IP \u5730\u5740\u53d8\u4e86,QUIC \u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u7f1d\u5ef6\u7eed,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8fde\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u6e38\u620f\u4f53\u9a8c\u63d0\u5347\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7aef:WebTransport\u00a0\u662f QUIC \u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u843d\u5730\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6709 Web \u7aef(\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u73a9,\u4e0d\u88c5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef),\u4ee5\u524d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 UDP\/QUIC,\u53ea\u80fd\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\u7528 WebSocket\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668 API \u53eb WebTransport,\u5b83\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5728 HTTP\/3(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f QUIC)\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684,\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u573a\u666f\u8bbe\u8ba1,\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760 stream \u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760 datagram \u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u628a QUIC \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5f00\u653e\u7ed9\u4e86\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668 JS \u4ee3\u7801,\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981 WebSocket \u90a3\u79cd”\u53ea\u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u5e8f\u4f20\u8f93”\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a API \u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86 Baseline \u9636\u6bb5(2026 \u5e74 3 \u6708 Safari 26.4 \u52a0\u5165\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301\u540e,Chrome\u3001Firefox\u3001Edge\u3001Safari \u56db\u5927\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u652f\u6301,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6807\u5fd7\u6216 polyfill),\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cc\u6700\u8d34\u8fd1\u6e38\u620f\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6807\u51c6 API,\u503c\u5f97\u4f5c\u4e3a Web \u7aef\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n

\u515c\u5e95\u5c42:WebSocket\/TCP 443 \u4ecd\u7136\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6838\u5fc3\u901a\u9053\u7528\u81ea\u7814 UDP \u8fd8\u662f QUIC,\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5c01\u9501 UDP(\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u79fb\u52a8\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3001\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d7\u9650\u5730\u533a\u7f51\u7edc),\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4f9d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u57fa\u4e8e TCP\/TLS 443 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u515c\u5e95\u901a\u9053(WebSocket,\u6216\u8005\u9000\u5316\u6210\u8f6e\u8be2),\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u5efa\u8fde\u65f6\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5 QUIC,\u8d85\u65f6\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u964d\u7ea7\u5230\u8fd9\u6761\u515c\u5e95\u901a\u9053,\u63a5\u53d7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u9ad8\u4f46\u4fdd\u8bc1\u80fd\u8fde\u4e0a\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u63d0\u524d\u505a\u597d\u8fde\u63a5\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u57cb\u70b9\u7edf\u8ba1,\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u7ec8\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u515c\u5e95\u901a\u9053,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u515c\u5e95\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u591a\u5c11\u4f18\u5316\u7cbe\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u7aef\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u5c42:gRPC\u00a0over HTTP\/2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5339\u914d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u597d\u53cb\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ed3\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1,\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u7684\u573a\u666f,gRPC \u662f\u5f88\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u804a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf:\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u3001\u6d41\u5f0f\u80fd\u529b(\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u5339\u914d\u72b6\u6001\u63a8\u9001\u3001\u89c2\u6218\u6570\u636e\u5206\u53d1\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6b21\u5b9e\u65f6\u573a\u666f)\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u719f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u751f\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5916\u56f4\u670d\u52a1:\u6807\u51c6\u00a0HTTPS\/REST \u5c31\u591f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u767b\u5f55\u9274\u6743\u3001\u5185\u8d2d\u5546\u57ce\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u70ed\u66f4\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0a\u62a5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u534f\u8bae,\u7528\u6807\u51c6 HTTPS(HTTP\/2 \u6216\u8005\u672a\u6765\u7684 HTTP\/3 \u8bed\u4e49\u90fd\u884c)\u5c31\u8db3\u591f,\u597d\u5904\u662f\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4eab\u53d7\u73b0\u6210\u7684 CDN\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\u7b49 Web \u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u5355\u72ec\u5b9a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7ec6\u8282<\/strong><\/p>\n

QUIC\/UDP \u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6bd4 TCP \u590d\u6742\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u518d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u56db\u5143\u7ec4(\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc1\u79fb\u7279\u6027),\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8e\u56db\u5143\u7ec4\u505a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684 L4 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e86,\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b QUIC connection ID \u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5305\u59cb\u7ec8\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef;\u53e6\u5916\u81ea\u5efa UDP \u670d\u52a1\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u505a\u53cd\u5c04\u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb,QUIC \u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9632\u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb\u8bbe\u8ba1,\u5982\u679c\u662f\u81ea\u7814 UDP \u534f\u8bae\u5219\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u8bdd<\/strong><\/p>\n

“\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765”\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e”\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u6280\u672f”\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u654f\u611f(\u56de\u5408\u5236\u3001\u5361\u724c\u3001\u653e\u7f6e\u7c7b\u3001\u6162\u8282\u594f MOBA),\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 WebSocket + gRPC \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b8c\u5168\u591f\u7528,\u67b6\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u62db\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u4fbf,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d76\u6280\u672f\u6f6e\u6d41\u53bb\u5543 QUIC \u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u81ea\u5efa\u6210\u672c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73a9\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u4e14\u9884\u671f\u8981\u957f\u671f\u6295\u5165\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u624d\u503c\u5f97\u628a QUIC \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u901a\u9053\u8ba4\u771f\u6295\u5165\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u505a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u7c7b,\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9700\u6c42\u5012\u63a8\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u578b,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

Sources:<\/p>\n