{"id":776,"date":"2017-12-11T11:56:05","date_gmt":"2017-12-11T03:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damogame.cn:15443\/wordpress\/?p=776"},"modified":"2017-12-11T11:56:05","modified_gmt":"2017-12-11T03:56:05","slug":"linux%e4%b8%8b%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%8f%8a%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%bb%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/archives\/776","title":{"rendered":"linux\u4e0b\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ec4"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

groups \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7ec4\u5185\u6210\u5458
\ngroups gliethttp \u67e5\u770bgliethttp\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4,\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec4\u5185\u6210\u5458
\nwhoami \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u7ec4
\n\/etc\/shadow\u548c\/etc\/passwd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

1\u3001\/etc\/group \u89e3\u8bf4\uff1b
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2\u3001\/etc\/group \u5185\u5bb9\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790
\n\/etc\/group \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08Group\uff09\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u53e3\u4ee4\u3001GID\u53ca\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff08User\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\ngroup_name:passwd:GID:user_list<\/p>\n

\u5728\/etc\/group \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\uff1b
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\uff1b
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1aGID
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528,\u53f7\u5206\u5272\uff1b\u672c\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e3aGID\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1b
\n============================================================================
\nLinux \u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
\n\u53c2\u8003\u7f51\u5740\uff1ahttp:\/\/fedora.linuxsir.org\/main\/?q=node\/91
\n\u4e00\u3001\u7406\u89e3Linux\u7684\u5355\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u5355\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b<\/p>\n

1\u3001Linux \u7684\u5355\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b
\n\u5355\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5beinan \u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u6253\u5f00gedit \u6765\u5199\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5199\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u5c11\u70b9\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u6253\u5f00xmms \u6765\u70b9\u97f3\u4e50\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\u542c\u70b9\u97f3\u4e50\u8fd8\u4e0d\u884c\uff0cMSN \u8fd8\u5f97\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u51e0\u4e2a\u5f1f\u5144\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7528beinan \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e86gedit \u3001xmms\u4ee5\u53camsn\u7b49\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6cd5fcitx \uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2abeinan\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b\u5f53\u7136beinan\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u80fd\u4ee5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001Linux \u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b
\n\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u8981\u505a\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5c31\u6709\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982LinuxSir.Org \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6709FTP \u7528\u6237\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3001web \u7528\u6237\u3001\u5e38\u89c4\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bba\u575b\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5b50\u7ad9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982luma \u6216Yuking \u5144\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u7cfb\u7edf\u548cFTP \uff1b\u5728\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e3b\u9875\u7684\u7528\u7684\u662fnobody \u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7528\u7684\u662fFTP\u7528\u6237\uff1b\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6216\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u5e10\u53f7\u6216\u8d85\u7ea7\u6743\u9650root\u5e10\u53f7\uff1b\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u540c\u65f6\u6324\u5230\u4e00\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u548c\u663e\u793a\u5668\u524d\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53bb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u533a\u5206\uff1b
\n\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5206\u89d2\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u5728Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u548c\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u901a\u8fc7UID\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fUID\uff1b\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u575a\u5b88UID \u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1b
\nroot \u7528\u6237\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\uff1b
\n\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4f2a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5047\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982bin\u3001daemon\u3001adm\u3001ftp\u3001mail\u7b49\uff1b\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\u62e5\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u540e\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\uff1b
\n\u666e\u901a\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u6743\u9650\u6709\u9650\uff1b\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u81ea\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u591a\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff1b
\n\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u8bf4\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u66f4\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4ece\u5b89\u5168\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982beinan\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u6709beinan\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u53ea\u6709beinan\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u79c1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cLinux \u5728\u591a\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\uff0cLinux\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f97\u5b66\u4f1aLinux \u624d\u662f\uff0c\u518d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u7684Windows \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7cfb\u7eba\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u822c\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u548cLinux\u6216Unix \u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u6bd4\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237(user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u9762\u5bf9Linux \u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u767dLinux \u662f\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5efa\u82e5\u5e72\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u60f3\u7528\u6211\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7528\u6211\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0b\u6709\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9690\u79c1\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7528\u6211\u6240\u5f00\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u53bb\u6298\u817e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982nobody\u548cftp \u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95eeLinuxSir.Org \u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u662fnobody\u7528\u6237\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u533f\u540d\u8bbf\u95eeftp \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7528\u6237ftp\u6216nobody \uff1b\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b \/etc\/passwd \uff1b<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b
\n\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ba9\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6743\u9650\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e00\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u7f16\u5199\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5212\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u6216\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\uff1b
\n\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6210\u5458\uff1b
\n\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f52\u5c5e\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982beinan\u548clinuxsir\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8ebeinan\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1b
\n\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\uff1a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982beinan\u53ef\u4ee5\u662froot\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662flinuxsir\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fadm\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\uff1b
\n\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u51e0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5f52\u5c5e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\uff1b\u5176\u5b9e\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u6761\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff1b\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e09\u6761\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u4e5f\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n

1\uff09\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n\/etc\/passwd \u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n\/etc\/shadow \u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n\/etc\/group \u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n\/etc\/gshadow \u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

1\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
useradd \u6ce8\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237<\/div>\n
adduser \u6ce8\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237<\/div>\n
passwd \u6ce8\uff1a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801<\/div>\n
usermod \u6ce8\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7usermod \u6765\u4fee\u6539\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b<\/div>\n
pwcov \u6ce8\uff1a\u540c\u6b65\u7528\u6237\u4ece\/etc\/passwd \u5230\/etc\/shadow<\/div>\n
pwck \u6ce8\uff1apwck\u662f\u6821\u9a8c\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/passwd \u548c\/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\uff1b<\/div>\n
pwunconv \u6ce8\uff1a\u662fpwcov \u7684\u7acb\u9006\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\/etc\/shadow\u548c \/etc\/passwd \u521b\u5efa\/etc\/passwd \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f1a\u5220\u9664 \/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/div>\n
finger \u6ce8\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u5de5\u5177 id \u6ce8\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u3001GID\u53ca\u6240\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 chfn \u6ce8\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u5de5\u5177<\/div>\n
su \u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u5de5\u5177 sudo \u6ce8\uff1asudo \u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08execute a command\u00a0as\u00a0another user\uff09\uff0csu \u662f\u7528\u6765\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c
\n\u4f46sudo \u80fd\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982sudo \u4e0d\u9700\u8981root \u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884croot \u8d4b\u4e0e\u7684\u6267\u884c\u53ea\u6709root\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u4f46\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7visudo \u6765\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/sudoers\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b<\/div>\n
visudo \u6ce8\uff1avisodo \u662f\u7f16\u8f91\u00a0\/etc\/sudoers \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528vi \u6765\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers \u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff1b<\/div>\n
sudoedit \u6ce8\uff1a\u548csudo \u529f\u80fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff1b<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

2\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n

groupadd \u6ce8\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1b<\/div>\n
groupdel \u6ce8\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1b<\/div>\n
groupmod \u6ce8\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f<\/div>\n
groups \u6ce8\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/div>\n
grpck grpconv \u6ce8\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/group\u548c\/etc\/gshadow \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u521b\u5efa\/etc\/gshadow \uff0c\u5982\u679c\/etc\/gshadow \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa\uff1b<\/div>\n
grpunconv \u6ce8\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/group \u548c\/etc\/gshadow \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u521b\u5efa\/etc\/group \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5220\u9664gshadow\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

3\u3001\/etc\/skel \u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n

\/etc\/skel\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7531root\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1b\/etc\/skel \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c.file\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\/etc\/skel\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\uff1b<\/p>\n

[root@localhost beinan]# ls -la \/etc\/skel\/
\n\u603b\u7528\u91cf 92
\ndrwxr-xr-x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 root root\u00a0 4096\u00a0 8\u6708 11 23:32 .
\ndrwxr-xr-x\u00a0 115 root root 12288 10\u6708 14 13:44 ..
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 24\u00a0 5\u6708 11 00:15 .bash_logout
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0 191\u00a0 5\u6708 11 00:15 .bash_profile
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0 124\u00a0 5\u6708 11 00:15 .bashrc
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0 5619 2005-03-08\u00a0 .canna
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0 438\u00a0 5\u6708 18 15:23 .emacs
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0 120\u00a0 5\u6708 23 05:18 .gtkrc
\ndrwxr-xr-x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 root root\u00a0 4096\u00a0 8\u6708 11 23:16 .kde
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0 658 2005-01-17\u00a0 .zshrc<\/p>\n

\/etc\/skel \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7528useradd \u548cadduser \u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/passwd \u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\/etc\/skel \u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8981\u7528chown \u6765\u6539\u53d8\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\uff1b<\/p>\n

4\u3001\/etc\/login.defs \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n\/etc\/login.defs \u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cUID\u548cGID\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u671f\u9650\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7root\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982Fedora \u7684 \/etc\/logins.defs \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
# *REQUIRED* # Directory where mailboxes reside, _or_ name of file,\u00a0relative to the # home directory. If you _do_ define both,\u00a0MAIL_DIR takes precedence.<\/div>\n
# QMAIL_DIR is for Qmail<\/div>\n
# #QMAIL_DIR Maildir MAIL_DIR \/var\/spool\/mail \u6ce8\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\/var\/spool\/mail\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237mail\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b #MAIL_FILE .mail<\/div>\n
# Password aging controls: #<\/div>\n
# PASS_MAX_DAYS Maximum number of days a password may be used.<\/div>\n
# PASS_MIN_DAYS Minimum number of days allowed between password changes.<\/div>\n
\u00a0# PASS_MIN_LEN Minimum acceptable password length.<\/div>\n
# PASS_WARN_AGE Number of days warning given before a password expires.<\/div>\n
\u00a0# PASS_MAX_DAYS\u00a099999\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u8fc7\u671f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1b<\/div>\n
\u00a0PASS_MIN_DAYS\u00a00\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1b<\/div>\n
PASS_MIN_LEN\u00a05\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b<\/div>\n
PASS_WARN_AGE\u00a07\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1a #<\/div>\n
# Min\/max values for automatic uid selection in useradd<\/div>\n
# UID_MIN\u00a0500\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1a\u6700\u5c0fUID\u4e3a500 \uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0cUID \u662f\u4ece500\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff1b UID_MAX\u00a060000\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1a\u6700\u5927UID\u4e3a60000\uff1b #<\/div>\n
\u00a0# Min\/max values for automatic gid selection in groupadd # GID_MIN\u00a0500\u00a0\u6ce8\uff1aGID \u662f\u4ece500\u5f00\u59cb\uff1b GID_MAX\u00a060000\u00a0#<\/div>\n
\u00a0# If defined,\u00a0this command is run when removing a user.<\/div>\n
\u00a0# It should remove any at\/cron\/print jobs etc. owned by<\/div>\n
# the user to be removed (passed as the first argument). #<\/div>\n
\u00a0#USERDEL_CMD \/usr\/sbin\/userdel_local #<\/div>\n
# If useradd should create home directories for users by default<\/div>\n
\u00a0# On RH systems,\u00a0we do. This option is ORed with the -m flag on<\/div>\n
\u00a0# useradd command line<\/div>\n
. # CREATE_HOME yes \u6ce8\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u521b\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u521b\u5efa\uff1b<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

5\u3001\/etc\/default\/useradd \u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n\u901a\u8fc7useradd \u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\n# useradd defaults file
\nGROUP=100
\nHOME=\/home\u00a0 \u6ce8\uff1a\u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u5728\/home\u4e2d\uff1b
\nINACTIVE=-1\u00a0 \u6ce8\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u5e10\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u505c\u6743\uff0c-1\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\uff1b
\nEXPIRE=\u00a0\u00a0 \u6ce8\uff1a\u5e10\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\uff1b
\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash\u00a0 \u6ce8\uff1a\u6240\u7528SHELL\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b
\nSKEL=\/etc\/skel\u00a0\u00a0 \u6ce8\uff1a \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528adduser\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u540e\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong>
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u7ea6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u662f\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u6587\u6765\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u53ea\u662f\u8ba9\u65b0\u624b\u5f1f\u5144\u660e\u767d\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5728\u5199\u6b64\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u89e3\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u8bf4\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8ba9\u65b0\u624b\u5f1f\u5144\u660e\u767d\u4e00\u70b9\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1b<\/p>\n

=================================================================
\nLinux\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong>
\n\u53c2\u8003\u7f51\u5740\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.sourcejoy.com\/other_dev_tech\/linux-user-and-file-manage.html<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u6253\u7b97\u66f4\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0blinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5148\u662f\u6076\u8865\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8fd9\u4e09\u6837\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u51e0\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u638c\u63e1linux\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\nlinux\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ec4\u6210\u3002
\n\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528linux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002linux\u5185\u90e8\u7528UID\u8868\u793a\u3002
\n\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u3002linux\u5185\u90e8\u7528GID\u8868\u793a\u3002
\n\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

linux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
\n\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801:UID:GID:\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f:HOME\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84:\u7528\u6237shell
\n\u5176\u4e2dUID\u4e3a0\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6237root\uff0c1\uff5e499\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c500\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

\/etc\/shadow\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u63d0\u793a\u5929\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d.
\n\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d:\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801:GID:\u7ec4\u5185\u5e10\u53f7\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u5e10\u53f7\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684GID\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002
\n\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\/etc\/group\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#groups
\nroot bin daemon sys adm disk wheel
\n\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5207\u6362\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#newgrp \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d
\n\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u5165exit\u56de\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#useradd \u7528\u6237\u540d -g \u521d\u59cb\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 -G \u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff08\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/group\uff09 -c \u7528\u6237\u8bf4\u660e -u \u6307\u5b9aUID<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u5b8c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#passwd \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u5bc6\u7801\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#passwd<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#usermod \u53c2\u6570 \u7528\u6237\u540d
\n\u53c2\u6570:
\n-c \u8bf4\u660e
\n-g \u7ec4\u540d \u521d\u59cb\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\n-e \u8fc7\u671f\u65e5\u671f \u683c\u5f0f\uff1aYYYY-MM-DD
\n-G \u7ec4\u540d \u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\n-l \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d
\n-L \u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7\uff08\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bc6\u7801\u5bc6\u7801\u4e32\u7684\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53f9\u53f7(!!)\uff09
\n-U \u89e3\u9501<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#userdel [-r] \u7528\u6237\u540d
\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u6570-r\u4e3a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684home\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u6709\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u5148\u627e\u5230\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#find \/ -user \u7528\u6237\u540d
\n\u7136\u540e\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u518d\u8fd0\u884cuserdel\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u53ef\u7528shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#chsh -l
\n\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#chsh -s<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u67d0\u4ebaUID\/GID\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#id [\u7528\u6237\u540d]
\n\u8fd4\u56de\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2dgroups\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u589e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#groupadd \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#groupmod -n \u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#groupdel \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#gpasswd \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cgpasswd\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#gpasswd -A \u7528\u6237\u540d \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

\u6dfb\u52a0\u67d0\u5e10\u53f7\u5230\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#gpasswd -M \u7528\u6237\u540d \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u5e10\u53f7\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#gpasswd -d \u7528\u6237\u540d \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n

passwd\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
\n-l \u9501\u7528\u6237
\n-u \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237
\n-n \u5929\u6570\u00a0 \u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u5929\u6570
\n-x \u5929\u6570\u00a0 \u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u5929\u6570
\n-w \u5929\u6570\u00a0 \u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u77e5\u8bc6<\/p>\n

\u5148\u770b\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#ls -al
\nls -al \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a’.’
\n-rw-r–r–\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 81 08-02 14:54 gtkrc-1.2-gnome2
\n-rw——-\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0 189 08-02 14:54 ICEauthority
\n-rw——-\u00a0 1 root root\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 35 08-05 10:02 .lesshst
\ndrwx——\u00a0 3 root root\u00a0 4096 08-02 14:54 .metacity
\ndrwxr-xr-x\u00a0 3 root root\u00a0 4096 08-02 14:54 nautilus<\/p>\n

\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5217\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n[\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f] [\u8fde\u63a5\u6570] [\u62e5\u6709\u8005] [\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4] [\u5927\u5c0f] [\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4] [\u6587\u4ef6\u540d]<\/p>\n

\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\u5217\u8868\u4e3a10\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cd\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55 -\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 l\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5 b\u4e3a\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907 c\u4e3a\u952e\u76d8\u9f20\u6807\u7b49\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907
\n2\u30013\u30014\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6743\u9650\uff0c5\u30016\u30017\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\uff0c8\u30019\u300110\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3ar\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3aw\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3ax\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3ar\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3aw\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3ax\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u516b\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u540c\u7ec4\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3ar\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u540c\u7ec4\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3aw\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-
\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u540c\u7ec4\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3ax\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u5219\u4e3a-<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#chgrp [-R] \u7ec4\u540d \u6587\u4ef6\u540d
\n\u5176\u4e2d-R\u4e3a\u9012\u5f52\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#chown [-R] \u7528\u6237[:\u7528\u6237\u7ec4] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
\n[root@local opt]#chmod [-R] 0777 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u603b\u7ed3\u4e2a7788\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u8981\u6562\u4e8e\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u52e4\u4e8e\u770b\u770b\u672c\u7bc7\u603b\u7ed3\u5566\u3002
\n====================================================================
\nlinux \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>
\nwhois
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1awhois [\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1awhois\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5230Network Solutions \u7684WHOIS\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u6ce8\u518c\u65b9\u80fd\u5bfb\u83b7\uff0c\u4e14\u540d\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002
\n———————————————————
\nwhoami
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5148\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1awhoami [–help][–version]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6267\u884c”id -un”\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n–help \u3000\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\n–version \u3000\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n—————————————————
\nwho
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1awho [-Himqsw][–help][–version][am i][\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u9879\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u5f97\u77e5\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884cwho\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u767b\u5165\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 \u3000\u3000\u3000\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\uff0c\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u767b\u5165\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2aX\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n-H\u6216–heading \u3000\u663e\u793a\u5404\u680f\u4f4d\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4fe1\u606f\u5217\u3002
\n-i\u6216-u\u6216–idle \u3000\u663e\u793a\u95f2\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u82e5\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u4e4b\u5185\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u6807\u793a\u6210”.”\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc724\u5c0f\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5219\u6807\u793a\u51fa”old”\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
\n-m \u3000\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a”am i”\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f8\u540c\u3002
\n-q\u6216–count \u3000\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u3002
\n-s \u3000\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u4e88\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u51b3who\u6307\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n-w\u6216-T\u6216–mesg\u6216–message\u6216–writable \u3000\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u72b6\u6001\u680f\u3002
\n–help \u3000\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\n–version \u3000\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n—————————————————-
\nw
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1aw [-fhlsuV][\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u9879\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u5f97\u77e5\u76ee\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884cw
\n\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u67d0\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n-f \u3000\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n-h \u3000\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5404\u680f\u4f4d\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4fe1\u606f\u5217\u3002
\n-l \u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u7ec6\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\u3002
\n-s \u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u6d01\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u9636\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u8017\u8d39\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\n-u \u3000\u5ffd\u7565\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8017\u8d39CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n-V \u3000\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n—————————————————–
\nfinger\u547d\u4ee4
\nfinger \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u505c\u6ede\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u767b\u5f55shell\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u8fdc\u7a0b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u201c@\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u201d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528[\u7528\u6237\u540d@\u4e3b\u673a\u540d]\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3b\u673a\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884cfinger\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a
\nfinger [\u9009\u9879] [\u4f7f\u7528\u8005] [\u7528\u6237@\u4e3b\u673a]
\n\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n-s \u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u540d\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5199\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u505c\u6ede\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n-l \u9664\u4e86\u7528-s\u9009\u9879\u663e\u793a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u767b\u5f55shell\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684.plan\u3001.project\u548c.forward\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n-p \u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u663e\u793a.plan\u6587\u4ef6\u548c.project\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e-l\u9009\u9879\u76f8\u540c\u3002
\n[\u4f8b]\u5728\u672c\u5730\u673a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528finger\u547d\u4ee4\u3002
\n$ finger xxq
\nLogin: xxq Name:
\nDirectory: \/home\/xxq Shell: \/bin\/bash
\nLast login Thu Jan 1 21:43 \uff08CST\uff09 on tty1
\nNo mail.
\nNo Plan.
\n$ finger
\nLogin Name Tty Idle Login Time Office Office Phone
\nroot root *1 28 Nov 25 09:17
\n\u2026\u2026
\n——————————————————————
\n\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u7ec4
\n\/etc\/shadow\u548c\/etc\/passwd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u540d
\n\u4fee\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5
\nusermod \u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/paaawd\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef
\n—————————————————————-
\nvlock(virtual console lock)
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u9501\u4f4f\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1avlock [-achv]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6267\u884cvlock\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u9501\u4f4f\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n-a\u6216–all \u3000\u9501\u4f4f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u9636\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5728\u5168\u5c4f\u5e55\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u7528\u952e\u76d8
\n\u5207\u6362\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u3002
\n-c\u6216–current \u3000\u9501\u4f4f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u9636\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\u3002
\n-h\u6216–help \u3000\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\n-v\u6216–version \u3000\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n——————————————————–
\nusermod
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1ausermod [-LU][-c <\u5907\u6ce8>][-d <\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55>][-e <\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650>][-f <\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570>][-g <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][-G <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][-l <\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0>][-s ][-u ][\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1ausermod\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u5404\u9879\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n-c<\u5907\u6ce8> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u5907\u6ce8\u6587\u5b57\u3002
\n-d\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\n-e<\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650\u3002
\n-f<\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8be5\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n-g<\u7fa4\u7ec4> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002
\n-G<\u7fa4\u7ec4> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002
\n-l<\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0> \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u3002
\n-L \u3000\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u65e0\u6548\u3002
\n-s \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u540e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\u3002
\n-u \u3000\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237ID\u3002
\n-U \u3000\u89e3\u9664\u5bc6\u7801\u9501\u5b9a\u3002
\n——————————————————-
\nuserdel
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1auserdel [-r][\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1auserdel\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4ec5\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n-f \u3000\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\n———————————————————-
\nuserconf
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1auserconf [–addgroup <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][–adduser <\u7528\u6237ID><\u7fa4\u7ec4><\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0>][–delgroup <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][–deluser <\u7528\u6237ID>][–help]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1auserconf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e3alinuxconf\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f9b\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u7c7b\u5e10\u53f7\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n–addgroup<\u7fa4\u7ec4> \u3000\u65b0\u589e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002
\n–adduser<\u7528\u6237ID><\u7fa4\u7ec4><\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0> \u3000\u65b0\u589e\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n–delgroup<\u7fa4\u7ec4> \u3000\u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002
\n–deluser<\u7528\u6237ID> \u3000\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n–help \u3000\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\n——————————————————
\nuseradd
\n\u529f\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n\u8bed\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\uff1auseradd [-mMnr][-c <\u5907\u6ce8>][-d <\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55>][-e <\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650>][-f <\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570>][-g <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][-G <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][-s ][-u ][\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7] \u6216 useradd -D [-b][-e <\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650>][-f <\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570>][-g <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][-G <\u7fa4\u7ec4>][-s ]
\n\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1auseradd\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002\u5e10\u53f7\u5efa\u597d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u7528passwd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0e\u800c\u53ef\u7528userdel\u5220\u9664\u5e10\u53f7\u3002\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u6307\u4ee4\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u53c2\u3000\u3000\u6570\uff1a
\n-c<\u5907\u6ce8> \u3000\u52a0\u4e0a\u5907\u6ce8\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u5907\u6ce8\u6587\u5b57\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728passwd\u7684\u5907\u6ce8\u680f\u4f4d\u4e2d\u3002
\n-d<\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55> \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u542f\u59cb\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\n-D \u3000\u53d8\u66f4\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\uff0e
\n-e<\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650> \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650\u3002
\n-f<\u7f13\u51b2\u5929\u6570> \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8be5\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n-g<\u7fa4\u7ec4> \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002
\n-G<\u7fa4\u7ec4> \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002
\n-m \u3000\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\n-M \u3000\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
\n-n \u3000\u53d6\u6d88\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0e
\n-r \u3000\u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e10\u53f7\u3002
\n-s\u3000 \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u540e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\u3002
\n-u \u3000\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237ID\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\u5206\u7c7b:\u00a0Linux<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

groups \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7ec4\u5185\u6210\u5458<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[117],"class_list":["post-776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-01-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=776"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/776\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/i007.cc\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}